tonight on "worldfocus" -- secretary of state hillary clinton touts the prospects for strengthening u.s.-india relations even though the two countries don't see eye to eye on one major problem. evidence gathered in the aftermath of indonesia's twin hotel attacks finds a disturbing link to blasts from the past and just who may be responsible? south africa is in the grips of the world's worst aids epidemic, so why has that country stopped funding research on an aids vaccine? and celebrating old age. two stories from britain tonight on the achievements of seniors. a salute to a life well led. and a battle well fought. from the world's leading reporters and analysts, here is what's happening from around the world, this is "worldfocus." made possible, in part, by the following funders -- good evening. i'm martin savidge.

it's a relationship that really makes news but what goes on between the united states and india, the world's second most populous country, with its 1.2 billion people is a story that bears watching. and that's why we begin tonight with secretary of state hillary clinton's visit to that important country. just today the two nations granted a new deal that will grant american companies exclusi rights to sell india civilian nuclear power reactors. a deal that could be worth $10 billion. but even as that deal was struck, india once again today resisted american efforts to limit carbon emissions. a deal india fears would slow its own economy. all of this is our "lead focus" tonight. >> secretary clinton spent her weekend trying to bring home the united states message that india's booming economy needs to put the brakes on carbon emissions. but the secretary of state heard a clear "no" from india's leaders. >> india's position is, i would like to make it clear and categorical. india's position is that we are simply not in a position to take

on legally binding emission reduction targets. >> like many of the world's developing countries, india is unwilling to commit to cutting greenhouse gasses at the expense of economic growth and mrs. clinton was quick to try to assure them that's not the plan. >> the united states does not and will not do anything that would limit india's economic progress. >> but today mrs. clinton was still pressing for change without any sign of compromise from the indian government. >> we understand the difficulties that each of our countries face in trying to deal with climate change. so now let's see if we can't together find some creative solutions. so on issue after issue i think both the president and i are committed to you know truly respecting the views of others. >> india and many of the world's developing countries blame the

u.s. and other industrial powers for causing climate change and want those countries to cut their emissions by 40% before agreeing to any limits. despite the standoff over climate issues, the u.s. and india did reach a trade deal that will have far-reaching environmental and economic consequences. u.s. companies will get exclusive rights to sell india reactors for nuclear power plants. a deal that could be worth $10 billion and help cement a booming trade relationship. >> prime minister singh told me that sites for two nuclear parks for u.s. companies have been improved by the government. these parks will advance the aims of the u.s.-india civil nuclear agreement, facilitate billions of dollars in u.s. reactor exports and create jobs in both countries as well as generate much-needed energy for the indian people. >> we want to get more insight now about secretary of state's visit to india and the state of the american indian relations.

so we're joined tonight by amit pandya of the stimson center. that's a nonprofit public policy institute located in washington. good to you have back. >> thank you. thank you, martin. >> there's been speculation that u.s.-indian ties have not been as close duringhe first months of the obama administration as they were, say, during the bush years. how would you see that? >> well, i think it's mostly a matter of perception. i mean, i don't see any substantive issues on which the obama administration has been further away from the indians than the bush administration was. you know i think that they're been a couple of rhetorical missteps perhaps, where we appear to not expressed ourselves with a degree of sensitivity to indian concerns, but those are the kinds of things one expects from a new administration and people coming in. i think it's important for us not to overstate that. >> why is india so resistant to president obama's push toward

emission reduction targets? >> well, i'm not sure that they are exactly. i think at some level this is a matter of perceptions and positioning. on the one hand i think that the indians see that we are relative latecomers to the willingness to do something serious about carbon emissions. secondly, i think they've always had a consistent position, which is they know what they need to do, but they also have certain economic growth imperatives to lift their people out of poverty and so on so forth. so they're not go to be dictated to and not going to accept binding commitments. and thirdly, i think, it's not so much as they're resistant to president obama's push for emission control or emission reductions, i think it's more that they -- they feel that at the end of the day, the devil really is in the details of exactly what kind of agreement we come up with. >> so you think that it is possible that the two sides will

reach some sort of an accomodation? >> there is clearly an international process and international negotiation under way. whether it is concluded in copenhagen or not is beside the point. the point is there's a discussion. no single nation can deal with the adverse economic as well as environmental impacts of climate change without having agreement with the global community and at the end of the day there's going to have to be an agreement so you know they all better be willing to talk seriously. >> well before i let you go i want to ask you, how significant do you think was this nuclear reactor deal that was reached today? >> well, you know i don't see it as being qualitatively different. the truth of the matter is we've crossed the rubicon already when we made a huge exception for india to the int proliferation control regime. >> this deal, though, i mean, as far as business between the two countries, it would seem to cement a solid relationship there. there's a lot of money at stake. >> of course that's right and

that was always the expectation. a good deal of the expectation when we reached the u.s.-india civil nuclear cooperation agreement beginning three years ago and then concluding last year. >> amit pandya, a pleasure to talk with you again. thank you. >> thank you. we have one more note from india tonight. the lone surviving gunman in last november's terror attack in mumbai surprised courtroom observers today and pleaded guilty. 21-year-old ajmal kasab had previously denied involvement in the attacks that killed 166 people. the other ten gunmen were also killed during the three-day siege. and investigators in indonesia are still trying to determine who was behind the terror bombings at two western hotels there late last week. the first of seven people killed in those explosions -- a 38-year-old restaurant worker was buried today just days after his wife gave birth to their second child. as geoff thompson of the "lateline" program of abc australia reports tonight, the

terrorists may have specifically targeted australians meeting in indonesia and they may have had links to others involved in earlier terror attacks. >> reporter: the remains of two australians finally leave to police morgues. a building they have shared for days with the suicide bomber who killed them. there is growing evidence that he deliberately targeted a weekly business breakfast meeting. attended by australians craig singer, greg mcelvoy and nathan. the j.w. marriot, cc tv footage suggests he had no other target in mind. he survived the attack with a bruised eye and a ruptured eardrum. >> so headin he had no other objective but to get to lunch. >> where you were -- >> we were the only groups in there. >> it was a regular breakfast luncheon it does seem to indicate that was -- that was the intention. >> reporter: bomb materials recovered from the marriott

hotel and a house suggest they were the same devices all in the same attacks in indonesia since 2003. but this second attack on the marriott reveals a new level of planning and sophistication. after the blast at the j.w. marriott, hotel staff report seeing another man wheeling a suitcase and carrying a backpack disappearing into the underground tunnel which runs beneath this road and up into the ritz-carlton. bypassing normal security. and this may have been exactly the type of bomb he was carrying. this laptop-size device packed with bolts was found unexploded in room 1808 of the marriott hotel. is suspected of beating marriott suicide bomber but antiterrorism sources believe the ground coordinator was a man named teddy. also known as reno. he's got australian blood on his hands already. he's being described as the star pupil of j.a.'s master bomb maker. today they built the bombs which

killed four australians in bali in 2005. even when harry was cornered and killed later this year, tim was with him but somehow escaped. teddy then took his bomb-making manual to sumatra and trained a new chapter of killers known as the polombom group which planned to target western backpackers. if indthesian police are right, suicide attacks which have now cost another three austrail cranlives. geoff thompson, "late line." from afghanistan tonight, word that four more american servicemen have been killed. they died when a roadside bomb was set off in eastern afghanistan. even before today's incident, july had already become the deadliest month for coalition troops since the start of the war nearly eight years ago. at least 30 american troops have died there this month. also from afghanistan, u.s. military officials are condemning the taliban's release of a videotape this weekend showing a captured american soldier. in the tape posted on a website

saturday, the 23-year-old soldier from idaho said he was, quoting now "scared i won't be able to go home." the american military says release of the videotape is a violation of international law. abc news reports that soldier may have been taken across the border into pakistan. turning now to iran, where the dispute among the country's top religious leaders is playing out increasingly in public. in the past few days, a number of top clerics have called for a nationwide referendum because of in their words, "millions of people have lost confidence in the electoral process." today, iran's supreme religious leader ayatollah ali khamenei issued a warning. he suggested that clerics supporting the opposition by challenging the results of last month's presidential elections are undermining the nation's security. >> translator: they must be vigilant. they have to know that any words that would help our enemies are removed against the nation. we all should be really careful.

the united states made much of today's 40t anniversary of the first landing of man on the moon but the space race that told that amazing success has expanded far beyond the u.s. and russia competition of the 1960s. china is now a member of the manned space mission club. last september, you'll remember, china launched three astronauts on a 60-hour mission highlighted by the country's first-ever space walk. in a clear reference to neil armstrong's famous words as he stepped on to the moon's surface 40 years ago, the chinese called their accomplishment "a small step but a historical leap in china's space dreams." for more on the state of space exploration programs around the world, we are joined

once again by asif sidiqqi. he is a professor with history of fordham university and specializes in the history of science and technology. welcome back. >> thank you for having me. >> growing up, at least people my age, there were two space programs that we knew of. it was the united states and russia involved in the space race. that's changed though. >> oh it's changed enormously. there are a whole host of players now in the space program, business. starting with the european space agency, japan, china, india. and they're all playing for the big stakes that the point. and they have pretty sophisticated, mature programs now. europe, japan, for example, and russia of course, another major player involved in the international space station, for example. a huge $100 billion project to build a giant space station. so all of these players are you know very much invested in the idea of space exploration right now. >> beyond the international space station, when we talk about say japan, china and india, what are their goals in space? when do they want to go there? >> right.

well, they're all kind of interesting cases. china, for example, the country we largely pay attention to right now has a very sophisticated space program. they've now sent probes to the moon as have japan and india. so there's some sort of an asian kind of presence now in deep space exploration and china of course is the third nation after america, russia to have a man space program so they're really playing the big leagues now. japan and india, also have lunar space exploration plans. india has recently announced that they're going to have a man program, too. so and japan's considering it. europe also is considering it. so they're really pushing into frontiers that were only the providence of united states and russia. >> how serious, do you think, china is to putting a person on the moon? >> well, that's right, a good question. analysts debate this very seriously because the chinese have been sort of ambiguous about this. but they do have plans to send robots to the moon, little rovers and things like that. and they've talked about having humans on the moon, certainly by the 2020. so we can expect, perhaps, realistically a chinese on the moon, maybe in about 15 years. and the joke is of course that

once the americans get to the moon, we'll have to eat chinese food because the chinese will already be there. >> so the americans would be returning but the chinese say this is their first adventure. >> of course, yeah. >> and beyond, this, say, the moon. what's the other frontier that we look to? >> mars is the obvious target here and when president bush announced a plan to return to the moon in 2004 and he said we will return to the moon by 2020, the ultimate goal was get to the moon and then get to mars. and so there are lots of plan, lots of dreams to go to rs. america and nasa has a particularly vigorous robotic exploration program concrete date, but ultimately that is the ultimate goal for man space in mars. >> asif sidiqqi, good to talk with you again. thank you. >> thank you. there was a lot of news today, some of it encouraging, some of it discouraging -- about

the battle to combat aids in africa. the president of the international aids society says the incidence of hiv is decreasing in dozens of countries since former president bush devised his emergency plan for aids relief back in 2003. but a top aids researcher said today that south africa has stopped funding an aids vaccine project, just as human trials are getting under way. the project will only continue because of american largesse. all of this reminded us of a signature story we first broadcast last winter, a vivid portrait of aids in south africa by "worldfocus" special correspondent martin seemungal. he traveled to the province of kwazulu-natal, which is now known not only for its beauty but for all its aids orphans. >> reporter: the tourist brochures call this stunningly beautiful corner of kwazulu-natal, the valley of a thousand hills but the natural beauty hides an ugly truth. >> they stay with the problem not knowing that they've got a problem.

they try to act dying like ants. >> reporter: the problem, hiv. the virus that causes aids. it is estimated that it kills 1,000 people a day in this country. even some of the locals are starting to call this area "the valley of a thousand orphans." they are 2 of nearly 3 million children orphaned because of aids in south africa and they are both hiv-positive. the younger one, 6, doesn't talk much. and doesn't quite understand what it all means and cosiapa, 9 does and he knows they aren't the only ones. he says, i know. there are many other children at school who have hiv. their older brother 15 doesn't know if he is hiv-positive. he's now the head of this tiny one-room household. >> translator: i feel like their father, he says.

i advise them when they are doing wrong things. >> reporter: they do get financial assistance from the government, and for meals they walk up the hill to their aunt's house where there are other children. more orphans. their grandmother used to care for theuntil she died of aids. the prevalence of hiv's incredibly high in these hills and valleys. it's the highest of anywhere in south africa. the level of infection is higher than anywhere in south africa. and ironically, the level of denial is higher here than anywhere else. they deny it because of the enormous stigma associated with hiv here. >> it's because people are taking hiv/aids as a shame. not taking it as this is like all other diseases. that's not going to help you. if you talk about aids and you're talking about a monster. i think that's the problem. >> reporter: people don't talk about it. don't admit to it. and so go on infecting each

other. >> reporter: father at the hospice sees the road of denial every day, the aids patients. many too far advanced for treatment. he says he pushes people to get tested and to use condoms, but rarely succeeds. >> people say i only have half of the fun if i'm using a condom and preaching to people to abstain from sexual activity, you've just lost it if you bring up such a thing. >> reporter: the impact here in south africa and in a number of other southern african countries has been catastrophic. >> we have already seen hugely alarming declines in population. in swaziland. and i would expect to see the same thing happening across some communities in southern africa. yes, populations will start contracting.>> reporter: which,

expect will tell you, is highly unusual. in the developing world populations grow. they don't shrink. it is also highly unusual for anyone, especially an educated leader, to deny that hive causes aids. but thabo mbeki did and he was the president of south africa. dr. gray runs an aids clinic. she says his attitude was enormously unhelpful. it gave people an excuse to go on denying. drugs which would have prevented mother to newborn transmission were scarce. it took the healfar too long to roll out antiretrovirals and the supply didn't come close to meeting the need. >> around when president mbeki was in power around 300,000 were cared because of the government policy. >> reporter: repairing the damage is not going to be easy

with nearly 6 million infectioned people, the challenge is daunting. if there is any good news, it's that antiretroviral drugs can really make a difference. you can see it if you visit dr. gray's clinic. all the people here have hiv and they're on antiretrovirals and the money came from the united states government. >> i would love for americans to know is that the money that they work really hard for is reaching people. it is making a difference. it is giving quality of life back to people. it is raising people from the dead. >> reporter: just over half a million people are taking antiretroviral drugs in south africa. no country has numbers like that. and remember, there are 6 million people living with hiv. and it's estimated that for

every person who goes on arvs, another person becomes infected. the depressing truth as one doctor put it is that the country can't treat its way out of this epidemic. for "worldfocus," i'm martin seemungal in south africa. finally tonight, two stories from britain that caught our attention this weekend. stories strikingly different but that both somehow speak to our efforts, always ultimately unsuccessful, to defy the limits of age. the first is from our partners at itn, is about the passing of henry allingham. one of the few surviving veterans of world war i, who was said to be the world's oldest man. >> reporter: in the year that henry allingham was born queen victoria was still on the thorn. the first modern olympics was staged.

to what was then yet another series win over australia over in the ashes. he died earlier this morning in his sleep having lived for 113 years and 14 days. as a child he watched the soldiers return from the cold war. he lived through the spanish flu pandemic. he was in his 30s when penicillin was discovered. and when the wall street crash happened. he was nearly 50 when the atomic bomb was dropped on hiroshima. '65 when east germany started to burn the berlin wall and he was 73 years old at the time of the moon landings. margaret thatcher was the 17th prime minister elected in his lifetime and by the time of the attacks of september 11th his life had spanned three centuries. in 1915 the teenager from clapton in east london joined the fledgling royal naval air service as a mechanic. he witnessed the battle of jutland. and although posted to the western front was never directly involved in trench warfare. 6 he was the last surviving member of the r.a.f. >> men, he gave match to me.

i never repaid him. never me but for them. you're all here. >> reporter: he'd had to break dance in his life, he'd said. and this by all account, genial, self-effacing man had lived something of a life, reluctant to discuss the great war. who urged him to reconsider. >> when i found him living in eastbourne, london ohis flat, he did not want to know about the first world war and flatly refused. having anything do. in fact i didn't get further than a small attitude in the door with henry's face pointed out and the door closed rapidly. >> henry william allingham, on behalf of the french president, i confer upon you the officer of the legion of honor with congratulations.

>> reporter: he was said the queen today was of a unique generation and sacrificed so much for us all. on his visit in 2006, he was asked, reportedly, how he wanted to be remembered. i don't. i want to be forgotten. he is said to have replied. remember the others. what the golfer tom watson did in scotland this weekend is not likely to be forgotten anytime soon. just two months short of his 60th birthday, watson came with a single stroke of a sporting miracle. coming tantalizing close to winning his sixth british open title despite competing against many players less than half his age. watson reminded us, as abraham lincoln once said, that "in the end, it's not about the years in your life that count, it's the life in your years." or as the baseball pitcher satchel paige put it, "how old would you be, if you didn't know how old you are?" and on that philosophical

note, that's "worldfocus" for a monday night. a reminder that you can watch all or part of the program anytime you want on worldfocus.org. we hope you'll join us there tomorrow night for our weekly blogtalk radio program. i'm martin savidge in new york. as always, thank you very much for joining us. we'll look for you tomorrow and anytime on the web. until then have a good night. "worldfocus" is made possible, in part, by the following funders -- "worldfocus" is made possible, in part, by the -- captions by vitac -- www.vitac.com

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