>> bbc world news is presented by kcet, los angeles. funding for this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu. newman's own foundation. the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. and union bank.

>> union bank has put its financial strength to work for a wide range of companies, from small businesses to major corporations. what can we do for you? >> and now "bbc world news. >> the british prime minister tells china economic freedom must go in step with political reform. more attacks on christians in iraq, as a militant group there calls them legitimate targets. signed into law, french retirement age rises to 62 as the president's signature seals legislation which caused weeks of protest. welcome to "bbc world news." i'm david eades. also coming up in the program -- president obama arrives in seoul on the latest leg of his asian tour. and the beginning of the end for harry potter. the stars look back on 10 years of film wizardry.

>> thank for joining us. david cameron has used the main spreach of his trip to china to stress the virtues of open, democratic government. in an address to university students in beijing, mr. cameron told his audience the political freedom, an open media, and the rule of law provided the best path to stability and prosperity. >> china's leaders like to be flattered. in fact, david cameron has brought the biggest ever ministerial and biggest delegation to china has gone down well here. china's president welcomed mr. cameron, praising his efforts to improve britain's relations with cameron. mr. cameron is 20 years younger, but china's leader describes the cabinet ministers as very young, but full of drive and energy.

britain's prime minister responded that he puts the highest value on britain's ties with china. and this is why. business and cash. mr. cameron wants to focus on trade with china, deals that can earn hard money for british companies. then, to an audience of students, david cameron delivered the keynote speech of his visit to china. he said he sees it as not just a new economic power, but a new political power too. with that, he said, comes responsibility. mr. cameron spoke of the importance of what he believes is a free media, the rule of law, and the political scrutiny of politicians. it's all couched in ways very carefully designed not to sound like he was lecturing his chinese host. >> arguing for a strong relationship between our countries, i want a relationship in which we can be open with each other, in which we can have constructive dialogue of give and take in a

spirit of tolerance and mutual respect. the rise in economic freedom in china in recent years has been hugely beneficial for china and to the world. i hope this will lead to a greater political opening, because i'm convinced that the best guarantor of prosperity and stability of for economic and political progress to go in step together. >> for david cameron, this was a visit to china that is growing at speeds and is all about laying foundations for a new commercial partnership. but some here will be disappointed that he hasn't said more about specific human rights cases in public. they'll believe he's ducked the hard questions when facing china. >> the bbc's political editor, nick robinson, is also in beijing, and he sent this >> when david cameron spoke to chinese students, he flattered

their country, even quoting the wourds of the chinese national anthem that said they should stand up, and stand he said they were now doing, on the world stage. he had an economic message for this country on the eve of the g-20 summit in seoul when he said that there needed to be mored growth, which meant that countries like china had to consume more of its own wealth, to draw in exports from the rest of the world, if there was to be stable economic growth after the terrible recession of the past. but his main message really was a political one. this is not meant as a civics lesson from our distinguished visitor, but he explained that if he had not been in this hall, he would have been taking questions, prime minister's questions from the leaders of an opposition party, an alien concept in this communist china. he explained that in addition he faced frustrating decisions sometimes from independent courts, and he said frustration too from the likes of me in the media. in effect, he was saying it works for us in the civilized,

industrialized west, it can and will work for china in the future. i acknowledged there were differences between the countries' traditions, their sizes, their histories, and indeed, there were differences on the issue of human rights. it was one thing he did not say . if he were chinese, if he campaigned for the views he set up today, he would almost certainly end up in prison. one person who's been nominated for the nobel peace prize is unable to collect that prize. david cameron didn't mention his name. he didn't mention his plight. we're told that he privately raised the issue with premier wen of china at a banquet yesterday, but the students here, and indeed, british voters back at home, will never know just how vigorously he did it. >> that's nick robinson. aaron is with me now. they're going to switch from china more specifically to the g-20 summit, seoul, of course. a con viveyal gathering of 20 very important people and their

entourages, and yet, con viveyal it probably will not be. there's a lot of attention around world trade at the moment, currencies, you name it. >> absolutely. it's all about trade gap, and as you mentioned, this so-called currency war. it's incredible what's happening at the moment. we're seeing actually even further development in all of this on the eve of that g-20 summit kicking off in korea tomorrow. let's start with china as an example. china came out and gave its trid numbers for october, a trade surplus, the second highest recording this year, $27 billion. now, of course, that will just continue to fuel the debate among u.s. lawmakers that say, there you go, look, china is keeping its currency artificially low. china points the finger at the u.s., and the u.s. said in particular for pumping that $600 billion of cash into the u.s. system, what that does is it weakens, continues to weaken the u.s. dollar. so foreign investors or investors around the world go, hang on, i'm not going to buy

dollars, i'll continue pumping my money into the emerging economies, and that's the problem. $825 billion is expected to be pumped into the emerging economies this year. it is about a 30% increase on last year, and what it's doing is, in those emerging economies, they're very worried it could create -- possibly create economic bubbles, bubbles can pop, it's pushing up inflation, it's increasing the value of their currencies, even emerging currencies, and as an example, south korea has come out and hinted the host of the g-20 has come out and hinted it may revive a 14% tax on foreign investors, and that would be following suit with what we're seeing from thailand, taiwan, south africa, china, all these countries trying to keep their currency lower so they can continue being export-led, if you will, in their recovery. >> you know what they say, charity begins at home. >> it does indeed. we'll have a lot more on the world business report coming up. >> thank you. a series of attacks on christian areas in baghdad has

killed at least three people, and a militant islamist group has warned it considers all christians in the country to be legitimate targets. five separate areas where the last christian population was hit. more than 50 people died after they were taken hostage at a catholic cathedral. >> the whole rash of bombs, in fact, six different parts of baghdad by them, areas which are absolutely known to be areas of christian concentration. obviously no area is completely homage us in in terms of its population, so among the three people killed, 24 or so we believe to have been wounded, we're not clear at this moment exactly how many of them may be christians. but what is very clear is that this was a coordinated attack aimed at areas known to have a christian label on them, as it were, and coming, as you say, about a week after that warning from the islamist state in iraq, which is a kind of group for al qaeda and related

groups. that all christians are now fair game. it also comes just a few hours after mr. maliki, the incumbent prime minister, visited the cathedral where the bloodbath took place two sundays ago and said christians, he urges christian toss stay. well, it's clear that communities cannot be completely protected, as this morning's attack shows. >> well, that's the problem, isn't it? what is the response from christians at the moment? i know over the course of the decade the numbers have fallen, but do they seem determined to ride this sort of thing out? >> well, some do. both leaders are urging them to stay and to tough it out, to continue to bear witness to their faith as they put it here in the country, where they've been deeply rooted for nearly two millennium. so they're very deeply rooted, and their leaders don't want them to leave. however, the population has

dwindled to roughly half the original amount of roughly a million or so in 2003. so this continues. and obviously these attacks will spur up these sorts of many christian says that it is time for them to pack and leave. >> jim muir. >> manchester darby is big. >> manchester darby is big, as the one taking place tonight. and ferguson is saying this game has gotten bigger in recent time. they are now threatening to compete with manchester united. it's the one story that dominates all the back pages in england this morning. "all mouth and no trophy," sir alex is saying. yes, they're getting closer, they are threatening, but it's all about winning the trophies at the end of the day. manchester city hasn't won any

major contest since 1976. so alex is saying, yes, it's a big game, but for manchester united at the moment, the game against liverpool is still bigger because that is about the battle of who has won the most european titles, who's won the most cups. this is the "telegraph," it's about trophies, not gimmicks. on the back page, "grow up city, it's medals you need and not stupid boasts." >> ex-manchester united hoping to make a big impression tonight. but the daily has the line which is united are running scared, says roberto mancini, a brave man threatening sir alex ferguson. but in recent times, the gap between these two sides is getting smaller. >> they know that now we are a

strong team. i think that the situation has changed in this moment. we have a respect for united. we have a respect because the top manager in the world. but we understand that we can bet them always now. i think it will be a good game. >> a good game, what's the result? >> oh, that's really unfair, because i happen to be on the red half of manchester -- all i will say is manchester united are second in the table and know that if they win and chelsea lose tonight, they could well go top of the table t. has to be said, manchester city has lost the last four darbys in the premier league against united. >> it's on the fence. >> so i would go for a united win. >> i bet you would. amanda, thanks very much indeed. you're watching "bbc world

>> around 4,500 passengers and crew still on board a stranded cruise ship. a fire broke out in an engine room. the carnival of the sailing close to the mexican border. >> at sea, one of the world's biggest and most luxurious ships of its kind left drifting 130 kilometers off the coast of mexico. the carnival splendor set off from long beach on sunday sailing to mexico for that once-in-a-lifetime holiday for its 4,500 paying passengers. then, just 24 hours in, the

moment every crew member dreads, the alarm is sounded when fire breaks out in the engine room. >> 9 reports was an engine room fire. that fire has been put out. the vessel is safe. however, it's unable to make way and will need to be towed into port. they've got water, they've got food, so we have no reports of any major stress from any of the passengers. >> we have no electricity for air conditioning, no hot water or telephone. there was nothing for it but to call for hesm the crew's company quickly issued a statement promising to refund passengers. we apologize to our guests for this unfortunate situation, it said, and offer our thanks for their patience and cooperation during this challenging time. the american navy has been scrambled, and the aircraft carrier ronald reagan dispatched to bring alongside supplies of water and food. the carnival splendor is

equiped with state rooms, spa, gym, and a swimming pool covered with its own skydome. now she'll be towed back to port at the end of an all too brief cruise of a lifetime. >> some other stories now -- officials in haiti have confirmed more than 70 people are being treated for cholera in the capital itself, port-au-prince. they're concerned the disease is going to spread rapidly because of water and sanitation problems given january's earthquake and last month's hurricane. across the country, nearly 600 people have now died in the epidemic with 9,000 more being treated. singapore airlines has said it's changing the engines on three of its a380 superjumbo planes after tests showed they were stained with oil. a spokeswoman for the airline said it was a precautionary measure following the explosion of a similar rolls royce engine on a qantas a380 last week. the airline also says some destruction to flights will happen while the changes take place. and the president of the european council has reiterated

his desire to be the e.u. enlarge further. speak ago longside the german chancellor, he offered praise for stabilizing efforts of the single currency, saying without it, an economic war could have erupted during the global down turn. you're watching "bbc world news." these are the headlines -- the british prime minister has told china economic freedom must go in step with political reform. there have been more attacks on christians in iraq after a militant group there called them legitimate targets. >> well, the asian pile says dade cameron and barack obama will cross in seoul later in the week as they gather for the g-20 summit in south korea. in the last hour, mr. obama has arrived in the country ahead of the meetings that are going to focus on trade and currency policies, as aaron was explaining a moment ago. with so many leaders in seoul for meetings, the police are

putting on an unprecedented show of strength. 50,000 officers being deployed, that's morn a third of the national force. for more on the preparations, here's john sudworth. >> in this top-floor apartment of one of seoul's high-rise tower blocks, you'll find some surprising occupants, a complete army platoon. >> these daily drills are a stark reminder of an ever-present threat to this city, attacks from the north. >> so lieutenant, tell me a little bit about this camp. >> over the years, tv cameras have very rarely been allowed to film these anti-aircraft positions, of which there are more than a dozen in seoul. but ahead of the g-20 summit, they're keen to show it's ready

for anything. >> as a responsible member of the -- >> hosting the summit is a big deal for the south korean government, proof, in a way, that the country has arrived as a major player on the global stage. the fear is that it's isolated, impoverished labor may try to spoil the party, although some doubt it would risk anything too provocative. >> anything can happen, but personally, i don't think they will do that, because i don't think they want to make the world confirm what kind of state they are. >> but it's not just the external threat that the south korean government is concerned about. this demonstration of riot police training is another show of strength, this time for the eyes of any south korean protest group planning to use the summit to make its voice heard. unauthorized demonstrations, the authorities say, will not

be tolerated. south korea's focus on presenting a positive face to the world and ensuring a trouble-free summit has led to accusations of steady handedness. more than 200 foreign activists have been prevented from entering the country, a handful of others have been deported and protesters, no matter how legitimate or peaceful, will be kept well away from the conference venue outside a two-kilometer-wide exclusion zone. >> whatever the threat and wherever it comes from, the government here says it's taking no chances. john sudworth, bbc news, seoul. >> change of scene for you now. the harry potter series is about a school for wizards and has been in our cinemas for almost a decade now. it's all coming to a close, though. the seventh and penultimate installment, "harry potter and the deathly hallows" has its world premiere in london on thursday. our entertainment correspondent met the three stars of the

film. >> they are coming. they are coming. >> this is the start of the final story in the saga, divided into two films. part one released this month, part two next year. so, not quite the end, but the beginning of the end for the movie's young stars, who finally finished earlier this year and who all carry fond memories of the 10 years spent making the series. >> it's been immensely happy, you know, for most of it. i've really enjoyed working with everyone. i was given this mind-blowing opportunity at the age of 11 to not just work with these leading actors, but also have a chance to learn on the job. >> what were the emotions when they finally called cut on that last day? >> it was overwhelming. it just felt like the end of a

world, a world of mine. >> since we finished filming a few months ago, it's kind of been quite a weird -- it has been really hard to adjust, really, because it's been such a huge kind of part of my life. >> you wondered, what is it? what is it? well, it's a sign of the deathly hallows, of course. >> the what you? >> the deathly hallows. >> most of the previous films have been set at the school the three characters attend, but hogwarts isn't featured in this movie at all, giving it a particularly different feel. >> it was very different, and it really comes across in the film when you see it. it has a totally different feel. i think a lot of that is because we're not in the most corridors of hogwarts. >> they'll look back on the last decade as a positive and life-changing experience.

>> the end of a real era, really, suddenly -- it's kind of weird, but yeah, i'm kind of ready, kind of a good time >> i'm excited to go to move on. it's been 10 years, and it's nice to see what the world has in store for me next. >> it's something that i just am immensely proud to be a part of. but 10 years is a long time, and i'm ready to walk away. and no doubt millions will find the end emotional and moving, as daniel, emma, and rupert have. >> now the french president, nicolas sarkozy, has signed into law a highly controversial increase in the state pension age from 60 to 62. the reform had sparked weeks of

street demonstrations and national strikes, which led to petro shortages and to considerable disruption for travelers across the country. but that is now law penned by the president. japan is trying to reduce its dependence on china for rareth. the elements are vital for high-tech groups. china does have a new monopoly on supply. trading houses in tokyo say that shipments of the rare earth stopped after chinese troller captain was arrested near disputed islands in the east china sea. china denies any embargo what are enforced. roland buerk reports from tokyo. >> for decades, japan's factories have drven its economy, supplying the world with electronics and cars. but as the industrial machine is looking vulnerable, high-tech manufacturing requires rare earth and china has a near monopoly on supply.

>> this is original rare earth ore -- >> at tokyo's biggest trading house, they've seen shipments dry up suspects a territorial dispute between china and japan began. >> already one month of nearly two months will pass, and not yet coming even the one kilo. >> so japan is looking for its own rare earth. once people send their used computers for recycling to be more green. now what's inside is needed so badly, they call this urban mining. this place works on the principle that yesterday's must have is today's obsolete junk. look at this. it's a sega mega drive. not that long ago on the top of every kid's christmas wish list. these are all computer monitors. they take up too much room on people's desks now. these are old p.c.'s. who wants an electric

typewriter these days? let alone a cassette deck. but inside all these old machines is valuable raw material that could be used to fuel japan's industry again. for recycle ago lone won't be enough. in this laboratory, they're using lasers to take apart magnets atom by atom. the goal, to make things like hybrid cars with less rare earth. suddenly everyone is interested. >> we've started this about seven years ago. people didn't realize the program would be so serious like we're facing. >> so what do people think about your work now? are they very keen you finish as soon as possible? >> yeah, they're very keen here. >> japan needs answer toss its rare earth supply problems

soon, stockpiles won't last forever. without them, much of the country's industry could grind to a halt. roland buerk, bbc news, tokyo. >> more on the website, bbc.com/news. >> hello and welcome. >> see the news unfold, get the top stories from around the globe and click to play video reports. go to bbc.com/news to experience the in-depth, expert reporting of "bbc world news" online. >> funding was made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu. newman's own foundation. the john d. and catherine t. macarthur foundation. and union bank.

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