>> this is "bbc newsnight." funding for this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu. newman's own foundation. and union bank. >> at union bank, our relationship managers work hard to understand the industry you operate in. we put our extended global network to work for a wide range of companies, from small businesses, to major

corporations. what can we do for you? >> and now "bbc newsnight." >> the chinese migrant work force, drivers of the economic boom, are now increasingly angry. >> this week, china's economic boom has been driven by a vast migrant work force. now as the economic crisis threatens chinese goods, there is increased anchor from among the citizens. >> the tension is growing and the government knows it. >> politicians looking to make austerity to stave off default. >> in their hearts, they are taking -- are aching, but they

know that something has to change. >> one of the most enduring figures in art. >> this is the art that shines out from the bottom of my heart. >> china has maintained growth despite the economic crisis, with the problems in europe have been in effect. the falling demand that china makes. this has slowed by a work force that migrates from the work force to the city for better pay and a better life. the system regularly discriminates against them. we have been to a southern chinese metropolis where anger and social stations are on the rise.

it >> china's wells is not built on oil or gold, it is built on cheap labor. workers, who are denied the same rights as a city dwellers they work alongside. this other china is coming out of the shadows. this is a story about the frustration of a class long considered separate and invisible to the rest of china, about rising tension between locals and migrants was threatens to undermine chinese society itself. >> of the tension is building up a day-by-day. so many riots and conflicts.

some day it is going to explode. >> this is southern china. progressive and capitalist, population, 100 million. 2/3 locals, 1/3, migrants. tension is rising. >> we have a very tiny share of the wealth. our lives have not improved that much. wages are low, inflation is high. we are really just getting by. >> there has been a wave of strikes and protests here. a clandestine meeting in the back of a restaurant. these workers forced a shutdown over conditions at a local factory. >> the hours are long and the work is hard and there is a lot of pressure on us. there is no outlet for our

unhappiness. many felt depressed for a long time. the pressure is building up. >> and entertainment at the factory, the management believes that dancing in step will keep the migrants happy but there are thousands of protest by migrant workers every year in china and the pressure does not end when the shift is over. they run the risk of meeting protection squads hired by locals to keep order. they live under the shadow of violence and intimidation. i met 8 doormen who used to sell fruit at a market. he told me what happened when a fellow store holder refused to pay protection money. >> suddenly, locals showed up on motorbikes. the attack him and they beat him with sticks.

it lasted for two hours even though the police station was around the corner. when the police did come, his face was purple and green. >> migrant workers are vulnerable because they don't have what is known as a residency permit which guarantees legal rights as well as access to schools, hospitals, and welfare but only in your home town or village. it was designed under chairman mao to stop people from moving. in the last two decades, hundreds of millions of people have moved to find work. now, they live in limbo. this is what not having a permit means. education is largely free to

locals but migrants must pay. almost a year's salary to put your child through primary school. 1/3 of these children are from my good families. this boy lost parents came from a village but the school has waive his fee because his parents face bigger problems. -- this boy's parents come from a village. >> he is a very good student. >> what happened to his mother? >> his mother got sick. every month, she should go back to the hospital to see the doctor. they should pay a lot of money to see the doctor. their lives are very difficult.

>> and his parents learned 60 pounds a week. just enough to get by on a until his mother found a lump in her breast. the doctors told her she had cancer, she needed a mastectomy but without a local permit, she would have to pay for it herself. the family has gone deep into debt. >> i have been crying since the moment i found out. i lost a breast. i no longer feel like a woman. our fate is a bitter one. >> factories are meant to provide medical coverage for migrants, but many do not bother. she actually made a contribution, but they took her wages and tried to fire her. >> i told them, we cannot afford

to leave, i have contributed to my insurance. now that i am very ill and needed the money, you want me to go home. >> she has been turned away because she is not an official resident. boohoo it -- >> i'm sorry, you have to go to another hospital. >> people have been turned away from the hospital because they don't have this? >> exactly. >> this man runs a workers help line. migrants are increasingly vocal about the discrimination they face, resentment is growing pentagon >> it is getting more and more serious, if i can say that. -- migrants are increasingly vocal about the discrimination

they face, and resentment is growing. >> it is getting more and more serious, i can say that. this is happening more and more at local level. >> this is what can happen when anger explodes. this town in june. it began with a rumor that a pregnant woman had been insulted by the local protection squads and it descended into a migrant right. the chaos lasted for three days. cars flipped over, buildings torched, government offices ransacked. disharmony and instability, the thing which the chinese leaders fear the most. for many years and it did not matter that millions of migrants did not have proper access because everyone was on the

make. the long boom is over, life in china is getting harder. job opportunities are shrinking and public services are under increased pressure. suddenly, this looks like a problem to the chinese leadership. there is new talk of a quality. the communist party admits the problem is serious. they want to be seen to responding to my great concerns. migrant workers live and work in this city and we must provide the rights and benefits. -- they want to be seen to be responding to migrant concerns. >> if we don't reform, we could see more social instability. >> the government's language is changing. migrants can now apply for the same rights as city residents and this is a points based system based education and

skills. they would like to keep garment factories like this one open and keep the workers coming here but so far, few permits have been issued. last year, 3000 of its population of millions. a drop in the ocean. if you recognize the problem, why don't you just do away with this? why don't you treat them the same now? >> we cannot abolish this overnight. our policy does create a clear path for my good workers to attend the same benefits and services and local residents. >> but, there is a huge cost associated with that. that is why we are introducing a points system gradually. >> the government fears unrest but it is equally scared of the

huge cost of absorbent migrants, of public services swamped, at city services. internet cafes are where many migrant workers spend their one day off a week, as operational, where, on line. this generation matters because they are different from their parents. they live their lives on line. they are much -- they are part of a much bigger world. >> they are part of a different generation and they have more channels to express themselves. the tension is getting more and more serious and the government knows it.

>> the system was designed for a very different china, to stop the rule pour over warm in the cities. -- rural poor from overwhelming the cities. the migrants are here to stay. >> greek politicians reached an agreement for austerity measures. this will mean more pain for the people. greece has an unemployment rate of about 20%. the austerity policies remain deeply unpopular with much of the public. joining me now from athens is the greek minister for international economic relations.

chiefjoined by at the whip of angela merkel's party. it is very difficult to imagine that you can do this. >> this is a tough in denver we are in now since may, 2010. we are moving from an inward looking economy to an outward looking economy. one of the collateral side effects is the contraction in income. before the economy gets on its feet again in a different basis. >> do you think that it is possible to do this with the level of protest that are starting to build? calls by cultural figures

increased to a resistance movement? >> >one has to see what the vast majority of people feel in their heart. something has to change, otherwise we will not be able to get out of this prediction unless we make the sacrifices. >> we heard from the german finance minister and they did not think that the deal was at a stage where it could be called a deal. what is your view? >> we are really living critical hours and moments. we are negotiating their constructively in order to achieve a deal. the deal is not yet achieved because we have to have a proof of sustainability, a proof of reliability. the greek parliament will vote on all of this.

we believe this is in the interest of the greek people to have clear facts end on this basis we are prepared to grant another bailout of 130 billion euros is probably the biggest bailout in european history. >> this will have to be shouldered by germany. when they see the level of protest in greece and the dangers, it might not work. what did the german people on the streets think of this? >> well, there is a lot of sympathy in germany for the ceilings of the greek pensioners and workers on the streets. on the other hand, greece is confronting the challenge that was the case in the u.k., the netherlands, and germany. at the end of this very difficult process, greek people

say that this works. sacrificing wages, social benefits in order to achieve a more competitive economy. that is what german people believe. we are prepared to provide financial support but we want to make sure that it is effective and not lost. >> just before we finish, 130 billion euros, this would be the last bailout, there would not be another bailout. >> this is the second bailout. we have a monitoring process that has been sent up with the international monetary fund, the european central bank and the european commission. this monitoring process is adjusted every time but now we are talking about private sector involvement, about the second

bailout. i am confident that markets will believe us and markets will react to us and that will mean that greece has a chance with this bailout to overcome the crisis. >> month by month, you are going to have to prove that you are on track to deliver this but you have an election in april. you might get to april and find that you actually can not deliver this because there is not enough money in the streets. people cannot even make their bank payments. it's just physically might not work. next don't know when the election would be. there are rumors about april. the whole point of this is to enable the state function and pay at salaries.

the scenario that you just described is exactly what we're trying to avoid through this assistance we are receiving from our partners. >> you need to get that signed off very very quickly, don't you. >> we need to get this through the european finance ministers. it has been cleared by their representatives. we are on at the right track. >> thank you both very much. >> one of the most enduring and colorful figures was in london this week for a major retrospective of her work. for over 30 years, yayoi kusama

has been living voluntarily in a psychiatric institute. >> extraordinary is a much reduced word in the world of contemporary art but we might thus did off for yayoi kusama, an octogenarian in a wheelchair to somehow dominated the are seeing and the art world from her days in a japanese psychiatric hospital. we met her before her new show at take modern in london. what is your interest in polka dots? why did they crop up so often in your art? >> i have john wants a daunts since i was a top -- i have drawn lots of dots since i was a

child. this represents the cosmos. the earth is a dot. the moon, the stars, they are all dots. u.n. to me are -- you and me are dots. >> her art is colorful and playful. she herself is a serious presence. she remains committed to her longstanding campaign for peace. what ideas are you exploring here? >> these are my own works about my life. the deep emotion of being born human and the movements as we know them. we can find out all sorts of things about these dots.

[speaking japanese] i wonder how you feel about this big retrospective here at tate modern. >> this is art that is flowing out from the bottom of my heart and i wanted to display it in this country that i love. >> she collaborative with musician peter gabriel on this video. what did he see in her work? corks a really original point of view, passionate -- >> a really a regional point of view, passionate intensity that was on the one side, very childlike, on the other, adult. we spent a few days recreating her work.

what did one of your people say, we will have to go down to wicks. >> [laughter] is very hard. we definitely had to do it ourselves. >> i was very aware of silences. i had not had sex. as a child, i suffered a lot because my father lived a very debauched lifestyle and i came to hate sex. as kind of art therapy, i created lots of sex, filled a room with them, and i lost my fear. >> the psychiatric hospital where she lives became a refuge of her own choosing after a bout of illness many years ago. >> for three or four days, i did

not eat. i just painted and collapsed. i went to the psychiatric hospital. the doctor said that i had to be admitted. >> the critics are sympathetic to her plight and cause but that does not mean they all love her art. >> it is fun, like a fizzy drink. >> it has this and lists -- this endless fizz, this is effervescent. we are told that this is driven by deep pain but i don't find this in the art. i find it a pop cultural style. >> the show has been fun and we're really looking to this, the obliteration room. this is not the bar.

this is pristine at the moment but the idea is that visitors can come in here and completely cover its surfaces with brightly colored polka dots. she also writes, makes films, and sings. this one is a lament for late parents. [applause] thank you very much. nice to meet you. >> yayoi kusama talking and singing. that is all for this week. goodbye.

>> and make sense of international lives at bbc.com /news. >> funding for this presentation is made possible by the freeman foundation of new york, stowe, vermont, and honolulu. newman's own foundation. and union bank. >> at union bank, our relationship managers use their expertise in global finance to guide you through the shattered these entities of international finance. we put our extended global network to work for a wide range of companies, from small businesses to major corporations. what can we do for you?

>> "bbc newsnight" was presented by kcet, los angeles. >> "bbc newsnight" was presented