captioning funded by cbs and ford. we go further, so you can. >> kroft: the man in the gray coat with the german accent is an undercover investigator posing as the representative of a fictitious african minister who wants to bring millions in questionable funds into the u.s. >> if it's not in his name... >> yes. >> then he needs what is known as a straw man. >> kroft: it's part of a hidden camera sting operation to see how willing american lawyers might be to offer advice. >> so we have to scrub it at the beginning, if we can, or scrub it at the intermediary location that i mentioned. >> there is a clear pitch consistently presented in every

amounts to an incredible number of red flags that scream corruption. >> kroft: dirty money? >> dirty money. >> alfonsi: petermann glacier in greenland is one of the largest glaciers in the arctic circle and one that's experienced dramatic melting. although it is a harsh and dangerous environment, it has drawn some of the world's leading climate scientists to study its it's sheath and look at its effects on the ocean. we watched as they attempted a first-ever look at what's happening 300 feet below the ice. >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm lesley stahl. >> i'm bill whitaker. >> i'm sharyn alfonsi. >> i'm scott pelley. those stories tonight on "60

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>> kroft: if you like crime dramas and movies with, then you probably have a basic understanding of money laundering. it's how dictators, drugns, and other crooks avoid getting caught by transforming their ill-gotten gains into assetste. they do it by moving the dirty money through a maze of dummy accounts that conceal their identity and the source of the funds. and most of it would never happen without the help-- of lawyers, accountants and incorporators, the people whoymous

the money. in fact, the u.s. has become one of the most popular places in the world to do it.lp of hidden camera footage, we're going to show you how easy it seems to have become to conceallaw enforcement and the public. you need look no further for evidence than the changingcity, where much of the priciest residential real estate is being snapped up not by individuals but by secret owners. there's nothing illegal about it as long as the money's ay to tell if you don't know who the real buyers are. it is one of the reasons global witness, a london-based non-that exposes international corruption, came to new york city 19 months ago. helpful u.s. lawyers would be in concealing questionable funds.

shot in law firms acrosse lawyers' knowledge by the man in the gray coat with the german accent. >> lawrence gabe: so it's ralph?ser. >> kroft: " ralph kayser" is not his real name. he's an investigator for global witness posing here as thegovernment official from a poor west african country who wants to move millions of dollars in suspicious funds into the united the lawyers' help. >> ross: are you gonna tell me what country and what minister this is? >> kayser: i can't tell you.rich countries in west africa. there are not so many. >> kroft: attorney gerald ross and the other lawyers were toldl, because the african minister had amassed his fortune collecting special payments from foreign companiesluable mineral rights. >> kayser: so companies are eager to get hold of rare earth or other minerals. special money for it. i wouldn't name it bribe. i would say "facilitation

legal.es silkenat and the other lawyers that the minister was shopping for a townhouse, a jet and a yacht, but his name must not bechases. >> kayser: if his name now would appear in connection withe here and other items, it would look, at least, very, very embarrassing. because his... presumably his salary in, wherever it is, would not cover the kinds of acquisitions we're talking about.e. it's the salary of a teacher here. and so how can we make sure that property here and to live a nice life, but his name being out? >> silkenat: right.much money we're talking about for the brownstone and the other items? >> kayser: i mean, the brownstone, talk about $10

could imagine $10, $20 million. a yacht would be at least $200, $300 million.ious story of the african minister was cooked up in global witness' london office, based on an actual money laundering case.50 new york law firms with experience in private asset protection and managed to get face-to-faceferent lawyers in 13 firms. >> kayser: i'm very frank. it's, i would say, "gray money." i think somebody told me you name it "black money."al witness says the pitch was intentionally designed to raise red flags and to give the lawyers good reason to suspect that the minister'sfficial corruption, and they all did. >> kayser: it's only that the money is a bit, let's say... >> gabe: tainted. >> kayser: tainted, thank you very much.ce word. >> kayser: or, you gave another expression? koplik: honest graft. kayser: honest graft! okay, fine.e frank. it's honest graft. how would you name it?

>> kayser: nah, i wouldn't name it bribe... >> ross: never. right, no, course not.a business deal. so, okay, bribe... is actually bribe. >> charmian gooch: you know, the story of the fictitious african minister would probably haveerage person on the street. >> kroft: charmian gooch is the co-founder of global witness, a public advocacy group thate developing world. previous undercover investigations exposed the global trade in african blood diamonds.gooch says, exposes serious flaws in the u.s. legal system that have made it a hub for international money laundering.awyers laid out for us in some detail was all the different possibilities and ways in which it could be done. >> kroft: what you're saying isoney into the united states, it's not that hard to do. >> gooch: what i'm saying is there is an open door and it's concerning, because that money could be coming from anywhere. >> kroft: of the 16 lawyers that

attorney jeffrey herrmann flatly declined to participate and showed ralph kayser the door.some real questions about that. >> kayser: yes? >> herrmann: under the foreign corrupt practices act. >> kayser: right.nd under the foreign corrupt practices act, bribing foreign officials is illegal. >> kayser: by americans. >> herrmann: by americans.cans are not involved.ther nation- - nationals, not american entities, not american nationals... >> herrmann: it's not for me. >> kayser: pardon me?t for me. >> kroft: aside from that one exception, 12 out of the 13 law firms, including 15 out of thet only heard ralph kayser out, they suggested ways that the suspicious funds could be moved into the u.s. withoutr's

attorney james silkenat was selected by global witness because at the time, he wasbar association. yet he and his colleague, hugh finnegan, provided what formers a roadmap of how to conceal the source of the funds using layers of anonymous, interconnected shell companies in multiple jurisdictions.bly, we would set up a little bit of a series of owners to try and, again, protect privacy as much as anything else. >> kayser: yeah.any a is owned by company b, which is owned jointly by company c and d, and your party owns all of or of c and d. >> kayser: so we, we create several companies? >> finnegan: yes. or different states? >> finnegan: well, like i said, at some point, probably pretty quickly, you'd go offshore. >> kroft: attorney john jankoffgabe, recommended variations of the same strategy. >> jankoff: a lot of people in

some of them use.. >> gabe: so he would just take his millions of dollars, put it in isle of man...into a swiss bank account. the swiss will have it. and... and then... >> gabe: and then he comes to us.mes to us and says, "i want to buy a townhouse." >> kroft: attorney marc koplik also suggested that the ministerut of west africa to europe, where it could be "scrubbed" in an anonymous corporate entity that his firm would be happy to set up. as it sits now, is it in his name? >> kayser: it's in different names. >> koplik: okay. so it will come as those different names?luding his name, yes? >> koplik: so we have to scrub it at the beginning, if we can, or scrub it at the intermediary >> kayser: so how to do this, intermediary? that means a bank in? >> koplik: we'll say luxembourg. >> kayser: luxembourg.ll set up an

clientoverseas.com or whatever,ney into the united states. >> kroft: if that was a banker talking instead of a lawyer, hee. that's because under u.s. law, bankers are required to report suspicious financial activity to the authorities. such legal obligation. >> gooch: banks in america are required to know their customernizant of risk and to report on it if there... if there is an issue there around money laundering. and yet, absolutely bizarrely,n't. this is clearly an issue. and i think our investigation has shown the potential for whatat lack of regulation. >> kroft: global witness says that anomaly is just one of thestem that helps facilitate money laundering. anonymous, inc." ase in which anonymous shell companies

ownership of money and assets.new corporations were set up in the united states, many with no offices, products or employees...s a bank account. >> gooch: in many states across america, you need less identification to set up and company than you do to get a library card. >> kroft: gooch says anonymous shell companies are like getaway cars for crooks, designed to putossible from the scene of their crime. according to a world bank study, the u.s. was the favorite placeet up anonymous shell companies. >> gooch: there was a very good academic study and america came set up an anonymous company, after kenya, out of 180 countries. >> kroft: after kenya? >> gooch: after kenya.y have anything to do with your decision to go ahead and do these undercover investigations? >> gooch: it inspired us. "it can't be this bad, can it?" and, unfortunately, what we found is it is. >> kroft: all of the attorneysrns, like

>> ross: i've got to be very careful myself. i don't want to do something if it looks like i'm laundering money. license and-and i... just don't do that. >> kroft: but later, he suggested that the questionableirectly into his client escrow account, bypassing scrutiny from the banks. >> ross: when i get money froms comes here with some strange name on it. i don't even ask. >> kayser: and nobody ask?come from minister joe jones. it comes from the xyz account. >> kroft: john jankoff said they opinion that the money was clean, then suggested that the minister use front men to open up overseas bank accounts.t in his name, then he needs what is known as a "straw man." practically speaking if thehe country his name should not be attached to the wire.

names.w this happens. we know this happens. this is how money laundering occurs all over the world. but that does not mitigate thee. >> kroft: we showed the tapes to chip poncy, a former top official at the treasuryo stop financial crime, terrorist financing and money laundering. he says there's nothing wrong with lawyers setting upanies to protect a client's privacy, but if it's done to conceal criminal activity, that's when it becomes a problem.pitch consistently presented in every one of these tapes of what ber of red flags that scream corruption. >> kroft: dirty money? >> poncy: dirty money. >> kroft: bad actors? >> poncy: bad actors.t to be found and they have a need. they've got to move their money from a point where they've received corrupt proceeds in this case to a point where they and to get 'em from... to get this money from point a to point

it, effectively. >> kroft: poncy says he was and the comfort with which attorneys seemed to be willing to turn a blind eye and discuss a matter that was likely to be illegal.tial to recognize is that this is after it's been revealed that the potential client is representing an african minister with of dollars of funds received through, effectively, bribes. >> kroft: this is more than legal advice? >> poncy: this is legal advicerols, or at a minimum, very clear global standards on financial countries to go after proceeds of crime. >> kroft: attorney marc koplik told the global witnessreferred using money managers and investment firms to move funds. he thought it was less risky than using banks.gest three or four to you. some are bigger.

flexible and understanding and less concerned about their reputation.ly, to a greater extent, below the radar screen. >> kroft: sometimes the advice took the form of suggestingight be less vigilant about money laundering. >> silkenat: we would have to banks looked into, you know, the, you know, the know your customer dig. >> finnegan: in many ways, you'd probably be better off with a smaller bank because... >> kayser: that would be a possibility. the bigger banks are much more serious about looking into that stuff. >> kayser: their reputation. >> silkenat: and there may be other banking systems that are this than the u.s. would be. >> kayser: what would it be?

you would want to consider. we could provide you with a list of countries where the banking systems require less detail onource of funds. >> kroft: while james silkenat, the former president of theand his partner, hugh finnegan, listened to the pitch and suggested ways in which they re also the most suspicious of ralph kayser and his african minister, beginning just five minutes into the meeting.lk about the risks or just concernsey and how to explain that. >> kayser: that's it. >> silkenat: there is... there are issues there.which he would be involved here wouldn't be part of facilitating

there were, you know, "crimes"place else, that- that starts to be an issue. >> kroft: they were also the most cautious about moving forward.ting, hugh finnegan, who is off camera here, said the firm would feel obligated to report anything it believed to be illegal. in mind of what you said, no american law was violated, no local law was violated, but, you know, if we're aware that a crime isn obligation to report that. >> kroft: mr. silkenat says, "we need to talk about the risks orwhere he got the money and how to explain that." >> poncy: that, that, and that's, that's a welcome... >> kroft: he's already been toldfrom and how he got the money. >> poncy: correct. so it-it's a healthy recognition that there's an issue here.ld ask him anything about this meeting, what would it be? >> poncy: what's going through your head? why are you continuing this conversation?

>> kroft: neither silkenat nor finnegan would agree to an on- camera interview.tement saying they only discussed generic information that could be found on the internet and that their conduct was "entirely appropriate."owed us after the meeting," they wrote, "it would have shown us agreeing that kayser was disreputable and that we would not deal with him again."wyers agreed to give us an on camera interview either. when we come back, we'll take a look at the legal and ethical implicseen. >> cbs money watch update brought to you by one of the world's leading pharmaceutical companies. >> glor: good evening. the united nations wants $860 ian crisis. on tuesday b.p. is expected to announce a 70% drop in profits. and former drug company c.e.o. contempt charges if he's a

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on-profit organization called global witness came to new york 19 months ago, it secretly recordedith 16 manhattan lawyers. its investigator was posing as an official trying to move millions of dollars of suspicious funds. global witness, which international corruption, wanted to see how much help the lawyers would provide in setting up anonymous shell companies and to move the suspicious funds into the u.s., and at the same time,

>> silkenat: good to see you. >> kayser: good to see you. >> kroft: the undercover investigator, who called himselfhe lawyers that the minister had used his official position to collect tens of millions of dollars inign companies to help them obtain valuable mineral rights. he wanted to move the money to house, a jet, and a yacht. >> kayser: so therefore, he wants to bring in the money into the u.s. so, starting with the brownstoneying a gulfstream jet... he wants to commission the building of a yacht, and buy, probably, more property.was intentionally devised to raise red flags and lead the lawyers to believe that the minister's money was dirty.y one of the 16 lawyers, jeffrey herrmann, told him no. >> herrmann: this ain't for me. my standards are higher.xpressed varying degrees of interest,

advice on how it could be done.rything, soup to nuts. so, there's no limitation. we don't say, "oh, we don't do windows, or we don't deal withmanagers," or whatever. no. we orchestrate and organize the entire thing. we're happy to take that responsibility.'s important to point out-- and it cannot be overstated-- is that none of the lawyers we've shown you brokethe african minister didn't really exist. there were no hundreds of millions of dollars, and globalid no money ever changed hands. so this is sort of a morality test? >> gooch: it wasn't.on the system. >> kroft: you know, people could make the argument, "look, all these guys did, really, was just came into their office. they didn't make a deal, they didn't sign up. they said, 'we need to do some more research.'" >> gooch: and you know what?ight to say that, but they'd need to say

that those lawyers laid out, in often considerable detail, ao bring money into america. >> kroft: none of the lawyers agreed to take on the africanwere they asked to. it was a preliminary meeting that ended with most of the attorneys expressing interest ine, and some enthusiastic about landing the business. >> silkenat: i'm happy to chat whenever it's possible to move the ball forward on this.t. >> silkenat: good. >> kayser: thank you so much. >> silkenat: thanks for coming in. >> kroft: marc koplik and alberts long as the money was clean, and gave no indication that they planned to do any checking themselves.cuss legal fees. >> koplik: legal fees will be substantial, albert. correct me i'm wrong-- $50,000 to $100,000.ik also suggested conducting a test in which a portion of the suspicious funds would be sent into the united states. >> koplik: a million dollars. >> kayser: a test? >> albert grant: yeah. >> kayser: because i said, probably you would start with

could imagine? >> koplik: i would say a million dollars.rs. >> koplik: if anything goes wrong, it'll be painful, but it won't be life threatening. >> kayser: right. exactly.ff and his partner, lawrence gabe, who is off camera here, also seemed willing to go forward. >> jankoff: we would orchestrate it. one legal fee to cover everything.ver, gabe did express some concerns about the transactions. >> kayser: who can set up this structure? could you do it? >> jankoff: yeah, your brother-he time. >> gabe: well, okay. but i-i-i don't think he does it with money that may be questionable. and that we have to find out about. of that meeting, they looked forward to the next conversation on the telephone, not on email. >> gabe: okay, give me a phoneyou? >> kayser: ah... >> gabe: i'm certainly not putting this in emails.n email with just an outline would be fine, as well, so it's... >> jankoff: i don't like emails. >> kayser: you don't like emails? >> gabe: that's how you catch people. >> kroft: the hidden camerathical questions not just about the

about the methods used by global witness in making them. we showed the footage to bill columbia university, who is one of the country's top legal ethicists. >> bill simon: i think it drawsthat lawyers may be playing an important role in money laundering that requires more scrutiny. >> kroft: have you ever seen anything like this before? >> simon: no. >> kroft: never? >> simon: never.'s your overall impression of it? >> simon: any lawyer's going to be uncomfortable about the fact that this was a sting in whicha lawyer's office and secretly recorded statements a lawyer was... thought he was making to a client.cedented and it's kind of inconsistent with the bar's norms about confidentiality. so i'm a little uneasy about that.and, i think that the tapes expose conduct of great public consequence. >> kroft: you think it'sees it? >> simon: yeah. i think it's very valuable.

benefiwyer. but the lawyers benefit from it, because conduct that goes on under the protection of confidentiality is never scrutinized by the public. accountable for it. so the sting actually brings some accountability to conduct that ought to be accountable.t, global witness includes an opinion from two legal ethicists, including bill simon of columbia.rneys marc koplik, john jankoff, and gerald ross had been responding to a real request, their conduct professional responsibilities of lawyers." it said the attorneys displayed "a cynical and evasive attitude toward law."so noted that the rules are vague, and "we do not expect that all lawyers will agree with us."ident james silkenat and his partner, hugh finnegan, in a different category, even though theymove questionable funds into the u.s. what makes silkenat different

>> simon: silkenat was quitenot assist illegal conduct. and he even indicated at one point that he would report the client if he found the client. and then, also, silkenat was fairly clear that he would needore he agreed to represent the client. clearly seems interested in this. >> simon: he clearly seemsle enthusiastic about it. >> kroft: anything wrong with that? regrettable, but i... i'm not sure as a professional responsibility authority, i could say it was inconsistent with his duties under the rules.nly lawyer who truly fulfilled the ideals of the legal profession was jeffrey herrmann, whoided it probably involved illegal activity, and ended the meeting. >> herrmann: this ain't for me.her. i'm not interested. >> kayser: do you... do you know anybody who would be able to do so?

either anyway. >> kayser: yeah, yeah. >> herrmann: because those persons would be insulted.ays the point of global witness' hidden camera investigation was not to target or entrap lawyers for bad behavior.s, are lax laws and toothless regulations that make it ridiculously easy for criminals to launder $300e united states. >> gooch: this is real public interest information. how are you going to get that out to them if you can't shownd closed doors? >> kroft: you couldn't have done this any other way? >> gooch: i think unless the public and policy makers canelves what gets said across the desk, across the table in a meeting like this, it's kind of hard to board. >> kroft: gooch says there's a simple solution, but it's been politically impossible to achieve in the united states. the longtime chairman of the senate's permanent subcommittee

until he retired last year, heo pass a law that would require the states to collect one additional piece of information from people forming corporations.ine-- who's the real owner. not who's the agent forming it. not who's the lawyer representing the owner.l owner, the real owner? and it's-it's not at all complicated. >> kroft: but the bill has never made it out of committee, opposition from the american bar association. >> kroft: what's the american bar association's objection to this?are helping form corporations, and they're afraid, i guess, that if you put a damper on the that you're putting some damper on legal business. >> kroft: the irony is that the white house, the justiceeasury have been among the world's strongest proponents for cracking down on money laundering. yet the u.s. is one of therld to set up the anonymous companies that facilitate it.

paradox, isn't it?t the american bar association needs to get behind the need for regulation, in the way that european lawyers have had to do exactly the same.at you know, it... it's... i think the american government needs to answer that question. >> kroft: global witness may have inadvertently gotten a question from attorney marc koplik in its hidden camera video. koplik explained to the representative of the phony he never worried about government subpoenas. >> koplik: they don't send the lawyers to jail, because we run the country.n the country? >> koplik: still do. >> kayser: i love it. >> koplik: still do. >> grant: i should say some lawyers run the country.you are some of them? two of them? >> koplik: we're still members of a privileged, privilege class in this country.oes it mean you run the country? it means you? >> koplik: we make the laws, and when we do so, we make them in a way that is advantageous to the

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of the most significant efforts to study changes in the climate has been taking place near the top of the world.petermann glacier in greenland, one of the largest glaciers in the arctic circle, and a glacier that has experienced dramatic melting.ngerous environment, and it has drawn some of the world's leading climate scientists, who are onlye over a month a year.

is proceeding, how they are ablele in such a hostile place, and what they've discovered so far, so we went to the top of the world to find out.ok us 700 miles above the arctic circle to the u.s.' thule air force base inilt at the start of the cold war to watch for soviet missiles. it is an alien landscape, homed packs of pre-historic looking muskoxs. from there, we flew even further.e destination-- petermann glacier. it's on the northwest coast of greenland, just a few hundredsole. to get there in a helicopter

severe and serene.ee was qaanaaq, with 700 residents and more huskies than people.ce nine months of the year, villagers have always hunted seal and narwhal to survive.imes the size of texas, and 80% of it is covered in ice, but it now losesns in snowfall every year. we saw evidence of the imbalance everywhere-- blue gashes acrossushing melt water, and the occasional thunderous crack of icebergsa. we still had 300 miles to go, and stopped twice to refuel along the way.were left behind for us by the scientists who

glacier three weeks earlier. service gas station in the middle of nowhere. this will keep us going for how much longer? >> malik jensen: yeah, we canrs. >> alfonsi: our pilots, native greenlanders, kept a rifle nearby at each stop to protect have you seen polar bears out here? >> jensen: yeah, a lot. so now, it's ready, always safe. we arrived at petermann glacier. >> ah, there's the camp. >> alfonsi: and spotted the ice camp below.you. >> alfonsi: so who did you upset to get put out here? >> keith nicholls: i know-- the gods, the gods.cholls is an expert in drilling in remote places. and in terms of remote, this would be really hard to beat. on another planet. >> nicholls: take a walk around here and you can be expecting scotty to beam you up.

of scientists were drawn to this remote sliver of greenland, in part, by these satellite images.ice four times the size of manhattan broke off. then, two years later, anothern. the glacier has receded by 20 miles in five years.is team are trying to drill beneath it. this is a lot of work in difficult conditions. what do you hope to learn?'re trying to learn is how the oceans are interacting with the ice, how they are melting it, trying to predict how in the future that melting might change. through the ice, they heated melt water from the glacier to make a hot-water drill to pierce through the 300- foot thick ice.e serious challenges to running equipment like this in this kind of weather. >> nicholls: the biggest've got

so, if we have water freezing in hoses, that can be devastating for the project.ment the coring machine struck the bottom of the seafloor. a half-mile beneath the ice, they made history.st time anyone has ever collected sediment from beneath the ice shelf in greenland.eath the ice shelves is probably the least accessible part of the world's ocean. t is a triumph, frankly, as far as we're concerned. >> alfonsi: the ice shelf extends out from the glacier and floats on the ocean. like a dam, holding back the ice from sliding into the sea. if it goes away, sea levels go up.urgency in the work that you're doing? >> nicholls: sea level rise is the big... the big question that we're trying to get at.r, this experiment here, gives us an opportunity to get at those processes and try to understandw that

>> alfonsi: our visit to the ice camp was cut short. our pilots warned us somethingoving in and could strand us here for days. we high-tailed it back to the helicopter, heading to anotherition-- what the scientists call "boulder camp," set up on the edge of petermann glacier.f geologists have been here for weeks, gathering samples from rocks. as probably deposited when the ice was maybe a few hundred to a few when it was deposited, you're probably talking about maybe 500, 600 feet of ice above us. >> alfonsi: above where we are right now? are now. peterman would've been much larger, and it would've been dropping these rocks all over the surface.at home who's looking at you guys just chipping away at rocks and going, "why should i care about this?" >> marcott: we know that if you respond, they melt.

how fast is that going to happen, and where is it going tomost vulnerable spots in this ice sheet? to understand all of that, you have to understand how the ice sheet... what controls an ice sheet.d this glacier, so that we can provide a better prediction for the larger ice sheet. that matters to us because of sea level. if these glaciers can respondhould all be concerned, because that can create dynamic changes in sea level and flood infrastructure. and we need to know that for planning for the future. camped out next to the scientists. with 24 hours of light, we slept in these tents under the midnight sun., we were shuttled out to meet the "oden," a swedish ice breaker making its way around petermann glacier.the scientists on land and acts as a floating laboratory. named after a norse god whosdom, it's

scientists from around the world their work is funded mostly by the swedish government and the u.s.'s national science foundation.ne of the geologists on the "oden". he's using sonar to map the ocean floor, creating the firsthow how petermann glacier slid into the sea. you can see it, like skid marks of a car at an accident scene.oh yeah - the ice went here and the ice went there." and we can see it. "oh and it stopped here." >> alfonsi: how much of the world's oceans have been mapped? larry mayer: oh, probably-- on the order of 6% to 7%. >> alfonsi: six-- larry mayer: very, very little. yeah. you can only make the trip tofew weeks each summer when the ice melts enough to allow passage.ou can see those blocks of ice drifting by. expedition leader alan mix is

operation, trying to grab.the coring site right now is under that block of ice and we just can't get there. so we're trying to drift with the ice and just sort of sneak up on it gently. it's hard to sneak up on anything in an ice breaker.much as sail as it does smash the ice like a 13,000 ton hammer.y throw something called a piston corer, like a dart, at the bottom of the ocean.und good. go to the next one but we'll hit it with the gravity core.core sample like this is collected inside the ships lab, the multi-year process of investigating those cores begins. guess? how old is this?

this core probably is no more than 10,000 years.is with the institute of arctic and alpine research. she says each core holds clues about petermann glacier's past. we didn't really expect to find things living under the ice shelf but we have. >> alfonsi: what have you found? we've found is called cibicidioides wuellferfstorfi. it has a big name for a little bug. >> alfonsi: easy for you to say! it looks like a little seashell.s a sea shell but it is a single celled animal. >> alfonsi: that single celled animal, like all living creatures, is made out ofentists to determine when it lived. which tells you what?of the sediments. so we can take them the depth scale here and convert it to age. and then we can say, "when did the ice retreat? how quickly did it retreat? was there a lot of melt water coming out?get all that from what looks like mud?

the scientists kept working, taking advantage of the final days of the short arctic summer. the 66 core samples they collected during their month at sea will be studied byd for decades.s the largest core depository in the world. >> alfonsi: peter demenocal is a university. he says the cores collected in greenland are like a black box workings. this one he collected just south of greenland. >> peter demenocal: so this is today's climate and we've had,000 years of relatively warm climate. and then we go ten thousand years in the past - boom, there's the last ice age. this is when long island was formed and cape cod was formed. demoncal: and you can go on, and you can just find this color. it's filled with these rocks, what we call ice rafted detritus, until this period when - whoa, there's another warm phase.e, and then another warm phase. a short cold phase, a longer warm phase and then - boom,

and so you've had cold, warm,day. >> alfonsi: how do we know thateing now, how do we not know it's part of this warm, cold, warm, cold?that's a great question. these transitions are gradual. and kind of almost like a tide wave or something. and this transition, when you get to today, goes boom. suddenly very warm.l says the cores pulled from petermann glacier will fill in a crucial piece of the climate change puzzle. they got to petermann glacier? >> peter demenocal: it's impressive. what's more impressive is thatevery year and that we're not going-- not doing this every year. we should be doing this-- we should be monitoring this whole system with much greater focus than we are now.w quickly have we seen the changes in greenland? >> peter demenocal: the changes that are happening right now as a result of human activities are remarkable.g incredibly fast and they're-- it's not only happening fast but it's

and it's important to really get our mind around what we're saying there. saying that climate in the arctic is changing. it's changing at an accelerating rate. so basically it means it's starting to melt but it's melting at a faster and faster clip.what it's like to fall off a cliff, that's what it's doing. >> for our crews photos of the alien landscape plus for more on walter cronkite goes to greenland -- >> the very top of the world. >> -- go tovertime.com correspondents rd by lyrica. moving moreromyalgia pain. he also prescribed lyrica. for some patients, lyrica significantly relieves fibromyalgia painsical function. with less pain, i feel better.

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>> kroft: i'm steve kroft.n cbs next sunday night, so we'll be back in two weeks with another edition of "60 minutes." but not every insurance company understands the life behind it. for those who've served who've supported them, we offer our best service in return. hat it means to serve. get an insurance quote and see whylan to

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