for $369 a month.

sir, we're going to need you on the runway. (vo) theraflu starts to get to work in your body in just 5 minutes. (vo) theraflu breaks you free from your worst cold and flu symptoms. (vo) theraflu. serious power.

>> pelley: good evening. i'm scott pelley. welcome to "60 minutes presents." tonight, we take you inside the vatican, where morley safer explores some of the treasures secrets, and surprises of the vatican library. but we'll begin with pope francis, who made history, again, this month helping the united states and cuba establish diplomatic relations for the first time in more than 50 years. the pope has a talent for bringing people together. you can see it even in how he signs his name. popes have a special way-- the name, followed by "p.p.," short for "papa," and the appropriate roman numeral. but this pope writes "francis"-- just "francis."

humility has made the former jorge bergoglio a star, and a lot of his fans aren't even catholic. but don't mistake humility for weakness. just plain "francis" is also being signed on orders to transform institutions fossilized by tradition and stained by corruption. last spring, when we first reported this story, we talked to some of the people who know francis best. but don't ask them what he's likely to do next because, god only knows. in st. peter's square, march 2013, 100,000 faithful waited for a light to split the curtain. they'd adjusted their eyes to what they were accustomed to seeing-- regal robes and a gold cross aroun the neck of a european. instead, they saw an emissary from the new world with a world of new ideas. ( cheers and applause ) >> robert mickens: he was just dressed so simply.

there was no cape. there was no fur. there was no... and he was just standing there. and in a simple silver cross evidently the one that he wore when he was in buenos aires. >> pelley: robert mickens was among the believers in disbelief. he's an american journalist covering the vatican. >> mickens: and then he started with... by saying... >> buona sera. >> mickens: "buona sera," "good evening." popes don't do that. they'd say "lodestar jesus christus" or something like that. but the biggest thing was when he asked the people in the square to pray over him. everybody keeps saying "pray for me," but that's not what he said. he said, "let's pause for your prayer over me." that's a blessing. and he put his head down. you could have heard a pin drop. >> pelley: for francis and the vatican, that was the last quiet moment. since then, the halls of st. peter's have been ringing with

commands-- insiders out, outsiders in-- priests ordered from their cathedrals and into the streets. for pope number 266, there are a lot of firsts. >> mickens: nobody's ever taken the name francis. i mean, that's an extremely challenging program, just in the name. >> pelley: what did it mean to the church? >> mickens: he took the name francis from francis of assisi who is probably the most beloved saint you know among catholics and especially non-catholics. and, you know, had this great love for the poor, god's creation, nature, peace. and what we've seen is that he lives very radically, very simply, rather than some monarch prince or king or monarch pope. >> pelley: his most radical decision came on his second day. he toured his 16th century palace looking like a home buyer whose realtor just didn't get it. in here, he'd be kept behind a

barrier of minders and schedulers. so, he chose freedom in a vatican hotel where he lives and dines with everyone else. his room, 201, is a key to the world. this leader of a billion catholics demands to be in touch. >> elisabetta pique: i knew that he would phone me, but i didn't expect that he phone me so quick. >> pelley: he phoned elisabetta pique 12 hours after his election. she's an old friend, an argentinean journalist, and her children were baptized by bergoglio. >> pique: and two days later was my birthday, and he phoned again. but, in that sense, we have here the scandal of normality because >> pelley: the scandal of normality? scandalous, checking out of a hotel, posing for a papal selfie, and standing in the rain. >> pique: we see the scandal almost every day. ten days ago, when he went for a retreat, he wanted to go in the

bus like the others, and he didn't want to go by helicopter or in his own car. this is why people love him, i think. >> pelley: they loved him in a simple car last year in july but it was frightening when brazil's 130 million catholics seemed to show up all at once. francis responded by rolling down the window. >> pique: a lot of people was afraid. he asked specially that he didn't want so much security and he explain it very well. "if i go to visit you to your house, do i go in with a box glass box? no. if i go to your house to visit you, i want to be with you, near you, and i want to touch you." and he said, "i know that someone... there always can be a crazy one that would do something. but i prefer this craziness, to have this risk, that there would be a barrier between me and the people."

>> pelley: that's physical courage in the tradition of the pope's religious order, the jesuits, who call themselves "soldiers of god." these days, jesuits are also known for intellectual courage battling over ideas. >> abraham skorka: i know him very, very well that he's a revolutionary, and he's not a person who likes to go in the middle way. no, in the extremes. >> pelley: to know the leader of the catholic world, it's helpful to talk to a rabbi. abraham skorka of argentina is an old, close friend. you are the pope's rabbi? >> skorka: let us say so. >> pelley: they met while debating one of the greatest of all human conflicts-- argentinean soccer. skorka's team often chokes in

the clutch, so the fans have a nickname. >> skorka: we receive the name of "chickens." >> pelley: the chickens. >> skorka: the chickens. why? not a lion, not a tiger, but a chicken. >> pelley: francis is a card carrying member of a rival team. this is his actual membership card. his holiness couldn't resist temptation, though, when he said this to skorka. >> skorka: "i guess that this year we are going to eat chicken soup." oh, i received that as an aggression, as a real aggression. but i understood that behind the joke was a message-- "look, we can joke together. we can speak on the same level." >> las manos de dios. >> pelley: they did speak on the level in a tv series and a book they wrote together. after all, "pontiff" is latin for "bridge builder." you learned that there could be conversation, common ground

among the faiths? >> skorka: yes. >> pelley: but soccer, no? >> skorka: no. never! >> pelley: jorge bergoglio took his vows to heaven as argentina went to hell. in the 1970s, many thousands vanished in the dictatorship's mill of torture and death. bergoglio helped hide opponents of the government. still, rabbi skorka told us that francis is troubled, like many in his generation, over whether he could have done more. the pope keeps telling everyone who will listen that he is a sinner, chief among sinners. why does he say that? >> skorka: because he's showing a way. one of the great sins of the leaders throughout the world is that they used to appear before their people as perfect persons and perfect leaders.

he's teaching what a real leader must be. >> lo que es increible. >> pelley: we saw that lesson when the pope met an argentinean adversary. president cristina kirchner once called him "medieval" for opposing her plan for gay adoption and same-sex marriage. watch what happens. she'll touch him and recoil, thinking it's not allowed. see how he reacts. it seems francis has kissed the past good-bye. to my eye, when you see photographs of bergoglio as archbishop in buenos aires, he looks like he has the weight of the world on his shoulders. he looks like a man who is tired. and now, you see pictures of him as pope, when he does have the weight of the world on his shoulders, and he is smiling and light. help me understand that.

>> skorka: he understood very, very well that his image must be an image of hope. >> pelley: he understood how important it was that a tired old man didn't shuffle out onto that balcony? >> skorka: yes. that's true. he changed. >> pelley: he's changing many things, including the ancient ritual of washing feet on holy thursday, as jesus did with his disciples. with popes, they're almost always the feet of priests. but francis cleansed and kissed teenagers in a criminal detention center. two were women-- unheard of-- and two in the group were muslim. when traditions like that wash away so easily, people begin to talk, and there are some incredible francis stories. there's the one about the pope sneaking out of the vatican at night behind the wheel of a beat-up old car to minister to the poor in rome, and one of him

driving the same car to the airport to pick up an old friend. the trouble is, those stories and all of their variations are not true. the people who work closely with the pope tell us that what he does do is pick up the phone and call a lot of people. it's a desk phone, not a cell phone. his e-mails and tweets, we're told, are sent by the staff. did he want to be pope, in your estimation? >> pique: well, he, himself... when he met one day people from jesuit school, and there was a little girl that ak him "did you want to be a pope?," and he said, "you have to be crazy to want to be a pope." >> pelley: it is all consuming. at 78, he rises to every public audience-- the blind, the deaf the poor, the sick, the dying. crazy, or maybe just an old jesuit soldier embracing his final orders. when we come back, we'll hear

from president obama about his time last march with the pope in rome. >> cbs money watch update sponsored by lincoln financial. calling all chief life officers. >> good evening. libya says extremist groups escalated attacks on the country's largest oil facility today. at least 850,000 barrels have burned. japan's cabinet approved $29 billion in stimulus for its sluggish economy, and kodak will introduce a line of android smartphones at next month's consumer electronics show. i'm jeff glor. cbs news.

man when i got shingles it was something awful. it was like being blindsided by some linebacker. you don't see it coming. boom! if you've had chicken pox that shingles virus is already inside of you. it ain't pretty when it comes out. now i'm not telling you this so that you'll feel sorry for me. i'm just here to tell you that one out of three people are gonna end up getting shingles. i was one of 'em. so please go talk to your doctor or pharmacist. ♪ [typing] vo: when you're trying to lose weight it seems like food is everywhere. with your very own weight watchers personal coach you've got a plan and support from someone's who's been there before and who knows what it's like. this week was good i stuck with our plan.

mmm, hum thanks coach. hi pumpkin pie. vo: introducing personal coaching from weight watcher join for free. why do i cook for the holidays? to share with family to carry on traditions to come together, even when we're apart in stuffing, mashed potatoes gravy, and more, swanson® makes holiday dishes delicious! ♪ ♪ [ female announcer ] you've tried to forget your hepatitis c. but you shouldn't forget this. hepatitis c is a serious disease. left untreated it can lead to liver damage and potentially liver cancer. but you haven't been forgotten. there's never been a better time to rethink your hep c. go to hepchope.com to register for more information. then talk to your doctor about scientific advances that may help you move on from hepatitis c. in my world, wall isn't a street... return on investment isn't the only return

i'm looking forward to. for some every dollar is earned with sweat, sacrifice, courage. which is why usaa is honored to help our members with everything from investing for retirement to saving for college. our commitment to current and former military members and their families is without equal. start investing with as little as fifty dollars. alright, so this tylenol arthritis lasts 8 hours but aleve can last 12 hours. and aleve is proven to work better on pain than tylenol arthritis. so why am i still thinking about this? how are ya? good. aleve. proven better on pain.

>> pelley: last spring, when we first reported this story, pope francis was reading a prepared script about children and families when he stopped and did something a pope has never done. off the cuff, he took personal responsibility for the rape and abuse of children by priests. he said, "i feel compelled to personally take on all the evil, to personally ask for forgiveness for the damage done." it was another advance from a pope of firsts-- first from the americas, first jesuit. before francis was elected, many

expected the cardinals to select a younger man for the job. but after nearly two years, it appears the 78-year-old francis is equal to the task. what did he inherit in the vatican? >> mickens: oh, he inherited a mess. >> pelley: robert mickens is an american journalist who has been covering the vatican for more than 25 years. >> mickens: he came in at a time when there was a great scandal. there were documents being leaked in the press about financial corruption, cronyism. there were even some sexual misconduct that was in these documents that were leaked. he had a very clear mandate from the cardinals that elected him-- "clean up the house." >> pelley: he's cleaning with committees of cardinals and lay people, investigating sex abuse, the vatican bank, and reform of the ancient bureaucracy of the church itself, starting with the executive offices at headquarters, known as the roman curia, latin for "court."

>> mickens: he set up a council, a privy council of eight cardinals from around the world, to advise him on reforming the curia and governing the universal church. really? governing the universal church? most people overlooked that. they thought he was going to come in and clean up the vatican and reform the roman curia. instead, what francis has embarked upon is a reform of the governing structure of the church. >> pelley: and the church that he dreams of looks like what? >> mickens: a missionary church, a missionary church that shows the mercy of god, a church that's not wagging its finger at people, not scolding people, but is inviting people, walking with people, befriending people. he uses the word "synodal," "synod." "synod" means walking with-- not just for the church, but it's for all humanity. he's called the church a field hospital after a battle. >> pelley: the battlefield wounded that francis speaks of

are catholics harmed by the church, and the wider world of the dispossessed. he said this about the media and public attention. "this is what gets through today. if investments in the banks and elsewhere drop a little, 'oh tragedy! what can we do?' but if people die of hunger. if they're sick, no, none of that gets through." >> lacroix: we're a sleeping giant. we are. the church is a sleeping giant. >> pelley: to understand francis, we went to one of the people he handpicked. the career of gerald lacroix of quebec city is similar to the pope's, leading through the slums of latin america. the pope has faith in lacroix, and so made him one of his first new cardinals, although francis didn't mention that to lacroix before the announcement. >> lacroix: most of the time, i guess, from what i've heard, one or two or three days ahead of

time, they get a heads up. you know, "get ready, the pope will announce such and such a day." but this time, francis decided to do things differently. >> pelley: he seems to decide to do a lot of things differently. >> lacroix: yeah, yeah. it's challenging, but it's wonderful. it keeps us on our toes. ( laughter ) >> pelley: lacroix found out about his elevation in a divine message written on a tablet. his ipad woke him, dinging with notes of congratulations. later, he got a letter from the pope. >> lacroix: the letter said this: "now, you being named a cardinal, gerald, is not a promotion, it's not an honor and it's not a decoration. it is a call to widen your sprit and a call to serve." >> pelley: the pope has graced the covers of many magazines. there's even a magazine dedicated just to him now. but he has described all of this attention as "offensive." why do you think so? >> lacroix: i think maybe it's in... in a way, a way to tell us, "it's not about me."

of course, he's very popular. he's very attractive. he's such a joyful man. that, in itself, makes him a star. but what he's telling us down deep is, "it's not about me. turn to the lord." >> pelley: and turn to the people. one of the first things francis asked lacroix to do was administer a questionnaire to the parishes. the pope wanted to know what people thought about same-sex marriage, contraception and divorce. >> lacroix: we need to look at reality. we need to look where people are at. and we need to look at the gospel and the teaching of our church, and see how we can help people from where they're at, to grow. >> pelley: you are abundantly aware of the urgent concerns that many catholics have about the sex abuse scandals, about financial scandals at the vatican, about the role of women in the church. what are we going to see, in

your estimation, from this pope on those very important matters? >> lacroix: just mentioning the sex scandal, excuse me, always touches me... because of lack of coherence and because of sin. so many people have been hurt in the united states, in canada, in many other parts of the world. and that is absolutely scandalous, unacceptable. you talked about difficulties in economics, in the way we handle money, properties. he was, right from day one very, very involved in making sure that those things change. >> pelley: the pope surprised people in a news conference when he said, "if someone is gay and

searching for the lord and has good will, then who am i to judge him?" the pope has written that the church has a false sense of security with "rules that make us harsh judges." he asked, "whom are we going to evangelize if this is the way we act?" >> mickens: this upsets a lot of very conservative catholics because he's the one supposed to judge, you know? what he has done is, he's opened up discussion in the church. there had been no discussion on issues like birth control, about premarital sex, about divorced and remarried catholics. none whatsoever. there's been no discussion for the last, probably, 35 years on that. he's getting them to speak about it over the next two years. the pope says, "if there's opposition, if there... people disagree, that's not a problem. we want discussion." that's something very, very new.

>> pelley: but on a couple of old controversies, francis has closed discussion. opposition to abortion will remain firm. he says the right to life is linked to every other human right. and the priesthood will remain male. what are francis' limitations? >> mickens: he's got to do some more with women because they are more than half the church. and they are the ones that are effectively keeping the church you know, up and running. but they are not at the heart of decision making. >> pelley: francis' roadmap for the church is the first thing he wrote as pope, called "joy of the gospel"-- emphasis on "joy." he writes, "an evangelizer must never look like someone who has just come back from a funeral." does he get a perverse pleasure out of tweaking all the protocols of the vatican and breaking all the rules? >> mickens: i wonder. i mean, i do. ( laughs ) i think a lot of us do. he's just being himself. i remember about a month into

the pontificate, a priest friend of his from buenos aires gave an interview and said, "you know, i talked to him on the phone, and i said to him 'jorge, is this not a problem that you're not living in the palace and not wearing the red shoes?' and he said to me, he said 'pepe, if i did that, i would look ridiculous. that's not me.'" >> pelley: truth is, the pope loves a joke, and his holiness has a devilish wit. you can see it in the eyes after the "gotcha" punch line. and the mightier the audience, the sweeter the punch. in march, after meeting the pope for the first time, president obama spoke with us at the u.s. ambassador's residence in rome. he told us that francis joked that, for two men of great power, it was really young people who ordered them around. can you give me a sense of what it's like to be in the presence of pope francis? >> president obama: he is a wonderful man. he projects the kind of humility and kindness that is consistent

with my understanding, at least, of... of jesus' teachings. his simplicity and his belief in the power of the spiritual over the material reflects itself in... in everything that he says and does. and i suspect... my sense is... is that he's a little bit uncomfortable with all the trappings of being pope. >> pelley: embarrassed by them? >> obama: well, he... you know that's not his style. and that is part of why i think he has been so embraced around the world. because people get a sense that, first and foremost, he sees himself as... as a priest and as a disciple of christ and as somebody who is concerned with

you know, the least of these. >> pelley: what did the pope say to you in that meeting that inspired you? >> obama: we spent a bulk of our conversation around issues of poverty and inequality, themes that he has been talking about quite a bit, and obviously issues that i care the very poor finding fewer an fewer ladders to get into the middle class. youth unemployment-- high. you know, these are chronic problems. and what the pope's able to do in a way that no politician is able to do is to shake people's conscience and to shine a light on the problem. it's... it's our job to come up with policies to do something. what the pope can do is to help mobilize public opinion. >> pelley: but how practical is that? stalin once said of the power of the papacy, "how many divisions does the pope have?" >> obama: i'm a big believer in the power of conscience, the power of faith, the power of a message of hope. i think, over time, that's what

moves history. tanks and divisions and dollars and cents, you know, all those things obviously make a difference, but ideas are the most powerful thing on earth. >> pelley: the power of the papacy comes laden with eight official titles. they start with the grand-- "bishop of rome," "vicar of christ," etc., etc. but the last is the most modest- - "servant of the servants of god." maybe in titles, francis looks to the book of matthew, "let the last be the first." >> mickens: one man in one little tiny place in the center of the city of rome can't do everything, and no one should expect him to. but he is there as an icon, as the captain of the ship, in a sense. and now, it's... you know, it's up to the rest of the church to get with this very challenging program.

and any christian that's not challenged-- whatever you are, right, left, center, conservative, progressive-- if you're not challenged by pope francis, as one of my colleagues recently said, you're not listening. >> welcome to the cbs sports update presented by pacific life. i'm james brown with scores from around the nfl. today the chief's d sacked the chargers playoff hope, enabling baltimore to become the third a.f.c. north team to clinch a playoff berth. carolina wins the n.f.c. south. denver locks up the two seed and a first-round bye in the a.f.c. seattle clinches the n.f.c. west and homefield throughout. green bayerns a first round bye and takes the north. for more sports news and information go to cbssports.com. a humpback calf and its mother are almost i she lifts her calf to its first breath of air, then protects it on the long journey to their feeding grounds.

one of the most important things you can do is help the next generation. at pacific life, we offer financial solutions to accomplish just that. ask a financial advisor about pacific life. the power to help you succeed. ♪ who got the lighter? ♪ ♪ let's spark the fire. ♪ use your mastercard with apple pay okay handbag out there...surprise!! and you could get a priceless surprise. woah!!

who's next? four!! from golf experiences to concert tickets. ♪ so much cooler when you do it do it do it. ♪ ♪ let's spark the fire. ♪ even the chance to meet gwen stefani. ♪ let's spark the fire. ♪ cool hair ah! haha priceless. ♪ everybody let's go! ♪ suffering from the flu is a really big deal. with aches, fever and chills- there's no such thing as a little flu. so why treat it like it's a little cold? there's something that works differently than over-the-counter remedies. attack the flu virus at its source with prescription tamiflu. and call your doctor right away. tamiflu is fda approved to treat the flu in people 2 weeks and older whose flu symptoms started within the last two days. before taking tamiflu tell your doctor if you're pregnant, nursing, have serious health conditions, or take other medicines. if you develop an allergic reaction, a severe rash, or signs of unusual behavior

stop taking tamiflu and call your doctor immediately. children and adolescents in particular may be at an increased risk of seizures confusion or abnormal behavior. the most common side effects are mild to moderate nausea and vomiting. ask your doctor about tamiflu and attack the flu virus at its source.

(vo) nourished. rescued. protected. given new hope. during the subaru "share the love" event, subaru owners feel it, too. because when you take home a new subaru we donate 250 dollars to helping those in need. we'll have given 50 million dollars over seven years. love. it's what makes a subaru a subaru. >> pelley: we are about to show you a place few people have seen firsthand-- the vatican library, a vast collection of historic treasures beyond compare founded over five centuries ago

when europe was coming out of the dark ages. it was a period of so-called humanism when the catholic church was open to new ideas in philosophy, science and the human spirit. it's the pope's library, but it contains much more than church documents. as morley safer reported three years ago, there are manuscripts going back nearly 2,000 years on music, math, warfare and exploration, even cookbooks and love letters. the library is closed to the public; a place for scholars only. but the vatican agreed to let morley in to see some of the priceless artifacts of our collective past. >> safer: welcome to the 15th century. in rome, turn a corner and you bump into antiquity, a delicious mixed salad of present and past.

we arrived at the vatican to find a medieval costume parade in progress. what better way to begin a trek through history? >> timothy janz: there's about two million printed books. >> safer: two million printed books. and inside the library, the past surrounded us again, as we were shown the magnificent building and its riches. >> janz: this is the urbino bible. >> safer: for instance, this spectacular bible, commissioned in 1476 by the duke of urbino... >> janz: ...who wanted to have a very fancy bible. >> safer: there you go. >> janz: and this is what he got. >> safer: library curator timothy janz tells us the bible took years to make by hand letter by letter, picture by picture. >> janz: decorated with real gold. >> safer: it's just one of the library's 80,000 handwritten manuscripts from the ages before the printing press. add to that those two million or so printed books, christian and

pagan, sacred and profane, in virtually every language known to man. there are thousands of prints and drawings, windows on the past. and a huge collection of ancient coins-- this was the money of palestine 2,000 years ago-- including the kind of silver coins judas was said to have been paid to betray christ. here is a map of the world drawn 50 years before columbus; at its edge, the towers of paradise. and an immediate best seller columbus' description of his voyage to the new world, published in 1493. in a certain way, the library is kind of the attic of western civilization. >> michael collins: it's so true. and it's like many attics, you know? you put things up all the time. you keep on pushing over boxes to make space for more things. >> safer: father michael collins

is an irish priest who's written extensively about the vatican, where the library's shelves, if you put them end to end, would stretch for 31 miles. is there anyone, any single person who really knows what the library holds? >> collins: nobody knows exactly what's there, because it will be impossible for the human brain to understand, to remember the titles, who wrote it, when they were written. >> cesare pasini: it is quite a treasure of humanity that you have here. >> safer: monsignor cesare pasini presides over the library. its great hall-- essentially unchanged over the centuries-- is a picture gallery of antiquity: saints, philosophers, and depictions of the great libraries of the pre-christian world-- babylon, athens, alexandria. a shrine to learning and to books. there's one person who can actually take a book out of the library, correct?

>> pasini: yes, the pope can... can have every book in the library. ♪ ♪ ♪ >> safer: if st. peter's basilica represents the splendor of the church writ large, the library nearby is a testament to the monks and scribes who made magnificent miniatures in times past. here, some devotional music commissioned by pope leo x, and the text of the christmas mass used at the altar by alexander vi-- both manuscripts five centuries old, written on parchment-- treated animal skin. >> christopher celenza: you will often see the skin of sheep being used, sometimes goats. >> safer: christopher celenza is a scholar who's often used the library. he says that writing on parchment was not only tedious but expensive.

>> celenza: if a monastery wanted to produce a bible that perhaps had 400 pages, it might cost you 400 sheep. it's an investment. >> safer: beyond the academic work, did you ever just come here to hang out and flip through stuff and see what you might discover? >> celenza: i think all of us have come here, at one time or another, with the hope of discovering something, having a general direction in which we're going, but not quite knowing where we'll wind up. >> safer: you might find, as curator adalbert roth showed us, drawings of a german jousting tournament in 1481, or an old cookbook, telling us that roman foodies in the fourth century dined on chicken, veal, seafood, pancakes in milk, and whipped pear cake... >> janz: how to hack away at your enemy's wall. >> safer: ...or, from an 11th century treatise on the art of war, a byzantine soldier

brandishing a flame thrower, something the greeks invented 1,500 years earlier... or henry viii's love letters to anne boleyn. >> collins: the letters are certainly among the most bizarre and unusual that you'd expect to find in the pope's archives. >> safer: there are 17 of them handwritten by the king of england to the woman he would make the second of his six wives, and later have beheaded. >> adalbert roth: there's the little heart... >> safer: henry signs his name with a heart, like a smitten schoolboy. he tells of his "fervents of love", his great loneliness without her. "wishing myself," he says, "in my sweetheart's arms, whose pretty dukkys i trust shortly to kiss"-- "dukkys" being a term in henry's day for... well, use your imagination. what is that doing in the vatican library? >> collins: we don't know how they ended up here in the vatican. it may be that some spy, maybe one of my priestly predecessors,

may have stolen these letters and brought them to rome to present in the case if a trial was made for henry's request for a divorce. >> safer: but the church refused to let henry divorce catherine of aragon so he could marry anne. he married her anyway, broke with rome, and took control of the church of england. the country was largely converted to the protestant faith. >> celenza: this is one of the moments in the 16th century that leads to the fracturing of christianity, and to much of the bloodshed and the wars that, especially, the later 16th century was known for. >> safer: as man explored the planet, a scientific revolution was also underway. by the mid-17th century, navigators had mapped much of the world in remarkable detail. >> roth: rio de janiero. cuzco. mexico city. >> safer: galileo turned his

eyes and his telescope on the heavens. here, from 1612, are his drawings of sunspots. for his insistence that the sun is the center of the universe and the earth moves around it, the church branded him a heretic. >> collins: the pope at that time, pope urban viii, was a very good friend of galileo. said to him, "look, you know, i agree with you. you're right. but i can't approve of this because i'm the pope. and if i go against this, it looks as if i'm going against the bible. and i'm going to shake to the foundation the belief of the world, and the world's christians, not just catholics." >> safer: just 380 years later in 1992, pope john paul ii apologized for the galileo affair. his successor, benedict xvi, has sought middle ground in the centuries-old skirmishes between the church and science. in a sermon, he said even the

big bang theory of the creation of the universe is not in conflict with faith because god's mind was behind it. >> this is the tricky, the tricky part... >> safer: and backstage at the pope's library, science is brought to bear on crumbling books, as restoration workers deal with water damage, mold and the ravages of time. it seems endless, this work, yes? >> angela nunez gaetan: it's endless, yes, obviously. >> safer: angela gaetan and the others go inch by inch, patching and strengthening ancient pages, scratching off paste put on by well-meaning restorers centuries ago-- paste that's turning acid, eating away at the page. mario tiburzi seldom reads what he's repairing-- it's too distracting, especially if the writer happens to be michelangelo. >> mario tiburzi: when i work on the michelangelo papers, it was the same that i work on mickey mouse paper. ( laughs )

>> safer: mickey mouse, eh? a difficult job may take months or even years. but consider the result. >> gaetan: 1,000 years after us, i hope that they can read the same thing that we are reading now. ♪ >> safer: the library's most valued documents go back almost 2,000 years, nearly to the time of st. peter, the first pope whose tomb lies beneath the basilica that bears his name. his letters to the faithful make up two books of the new testament. and here is a copy, written in greek on papyrus by one of peter's disciples around the year 200, a mere century or so after his death. >> pasini: "in the beginning, it was the word, and the word was 'god'." >> safer: and from the same period, the gospel of luke and part of the gospel of john, also

written on papyrus, venerated by early christians in egypt, preserved for centuries in a desert monastery. >> pasini: "the bread for today give us..." >> safer: they contain the oldest known copy of the lord's prayer, so fragile we were only allowed to see replicas. >> pasini: that great treasure of papyrus, i think, is the most important treasure of christianity. >> safer: with our tour nearly over, it seemed as if the library's collection had come to life in the streets of the eternal city-- the centurions and crusaders, the centuries of faith and folly, time present and time past. leaving the library, we thought there's something, something almost magical to be immersed in this place, to breathe the air and touch the hand of history.

>> it's not easy getting cameras into the vatican library. learn how we did it at 60minutesovertime.com. sponsored by pfizer. [ female announcer ] hands were made for talking. feet...tiptoeing. better things than the pain stiffness, and joint damage of moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis. before you and your rheumatologist decide on a biologic ask if xeljanz is right for you. xeljanz (tofacitinib) is a small pill not an injection or infusion, for adults with moderate to severe ra for whom methotrexate did not work well. xeljanz can relieve ra symptoms, and help stop further joint damage. xeljanz can lower your ability to fight infections, including tuberculosis. serious, sometimes fatal infections and cancers have happened in patients taking xeljanz. don't start xeljanz if you have any infection unless ok with your doctor. tears in the stomach or intestines, low blood cell counts and higher liver tests and cholesterol levels have happened. your doctor should perform blood tests before you start

and while taking xeljanz and routinely check certain liver tests. tell your doctor if you have been to a region where fungal infections are common, and if you have had tb, hepatitis b or c or are prone to infections. tell your doctor about all the medicines you take. one pill, twice daily, xeljanz can reduce ra pain and help stop further joint damage, even without methotrexate. ask about xeljanz. ♪ ♪ ♪ ben! well, that was close! you ain't lying! let quicken loans help you save your money. with a mortgage that's engineered to amaze! happy holidays from cricket wireless. where you can get more from our reliable 4g lte network with a free 4g lte smartphone

after mail-in rebate. it's our gift to you. or anyone in your family really. cricket. something to smile about.

>> pelley: now, an update on still another story from rome, which we called "saving history." in october, morley safer told us how italy's fashion industry funds the preservation of the city's ancient buildings including the colosseum, something the italian government is too broke and bureaucratic to do. >> safer: six million tourists a year visit here, snapping selfies and posing with rent-a- gladiators who pass the time with cigarettes and cell phones. the place has survived fires and earthquakes over the centuries. now, there's a new crisis-- finding the money to manage the crowds and keep up with basic maintenance. >> pelley: the $35 million cleanup is funded by the c.e.o. of tod's, the leather goods company. the trevi fountain is being repaired by the heir of the house of fendi. and now, the italian bank unicredit will spend $17.5 million to restore verona's roman amphitheater, the arena.

i'm scott pelley. we'll be back next in 2015 with another edition of "60 minutes." i've smoked a lot and quit a lot but ended up nowhere. now...i use this. the nicoderm cq patch with unique extended release technology helps prevent the urge to smoke all day. i want this time to be my last time. that's why i choose nicoderm cq. sir, we're going to need you on the runway. (vo) theraflu starts to get to work in your body in just 5 minutes. (vo) theraflu breaks you free from your worst cold and flu symptoms. (vo) theraflu. serious power.

at cricket wireless, we think you shouldn't have to worry about adding up all the taxes and fees to your monthly bill. that's why our plans start at just $35 bucks after $5 auto pay credit all in. taxes and fees included. cricket. something to smile about. curling up in bed with a favorite book is nice. but i think women would rather curl up with their favorite man. but here's the thing: about half of men over 40 have some degree of erectile dysfunction. well, viagra helps guys with ed get and keep an erection. and remember, you only take it when you need it. ask your doctor if your heart is healthy enough for sex. do not take viagra if you take nitrates for chest pain; it may cause an unsafe drop in blood pressure. side effects include headache, flushing, upset stomach and abnormal vision. to avoid long-term injury, seek immediate medical help

for an erection lasting more than four hours. stop taking viagra and call your doctor right away if you experience a sudden decrease or loss in vision or hearing. ask your doctor about viagra. captioning funded by cbs and ford captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org

(male announcer) since premiering to nearly 40 million viewers in 2010 moren tha70 bosses... [snap] oh, my god! (announcer) have posed as subjects on a fake show to get honest feedback from their employees. all right. (announcer) it's been shocking. [cow moos] a lot of people smoke pot. (announcer) it's been challenging. it's not the homeowner's fault that i get paid peanuts. (announcer) but it's inspired them to change their employees' lives forever. i've decided to invest around $3 million because

of you. thank you. for real? like, this is real? without a doubt. [sobs] i am going to give you your own store. yay! probably the best thing somebody ever did for me. i have a check for $250,000. oh, my god. (announcer) tonight the latest boss to g