these scissors have become one of the most important tools in the world, genetics labs, genetic scissors, work on plants and animals. and even on humans, they're universal. and that's why they have such huge potential the new technology is so powerful that in just a few years, it's become a fundamental technique for geneticists. in modern plant breeding in research and in medicine. but with great power comes great responsibility. should humans intervene in the blueprint of a living being? is it crossing an ethical boundary? in creating new species, many fear that humans are playing god. genetic scissors are already being used in a wide range of applications, like customized plant breeding. and the development of new drugs, treatments and vaccines. it's created a lot of excitement in medical research, but some people are frightened by the technology. geneticist, professor joachim vit boat says society needs to be aware of the opportunities and dangers, especially when it comes to human applications. the fog isn't mobile fume on this. i question is always about what you use it for lines of

most important to understand about genetic engineering is that. it is really attempts to say listen no matter how unsustainable our technologies we're not going to change the technology to fit the natural living systems we're going to change living systems so they fit the technology we all know how horrible factory farming is and one of the problems they have with egg laying chickens with hands is they have another me instinct they want to brute and here you see one of the brain experiments jenny. engineering chickens to take out the mothering instinct from these brooding chickens so they won't groom or they won't have the mothering instinct any more so offset the factory farm system this is one of the came near of birds there working with the take away the mothering instinct so we don't change our factory farm system we actually take the mothering instinct out of animals so that they will fit the technology. in the mid eighty's once again a new supposedly golden age dawned for scientists genetic technology appeared to be the key to subordinating

live genetic engineering. (eerie staccato music) (dramatic electronic music) (prosthetic clicking) (water speckles) (robotic arm whirring) (electronic tone beeping) my name is kondwani phiri. i'm a genetic researcher. you could say, it's in my blood. from an early age of about eight or nine or so, i had just a natural curiosity for the natural world. cancer runs in my family. in fact, i lost my aunt to breast cancer. and that peaked my interests in genetics. i'm fascinated by how the genes we inherit shape our biological destiny, including our health. i believe the key to treatments and cures for diseases like these, lies in explicit efforts to engineer human genes. but can we fix not only what's broken but also enhance our genetic codes and improve on mother nature? some day, will humans direct their own evolution and should we? (dramatic staccato music) i'm starting my journey in washington dc to visit a family who's grappling with the difficulties caused by genetic disease. hello. hi, annabel. - [nina] can

remind us, who who came up with the term genetics?psalmody gets credit for that. >> remember he doesn't even have that word in his vocabulary but he knows he stumbled on something. >> he sent copies of his report, he condensed it to 40 some pages and sent it to the scholarly centers but it was dismissed. everyone said what is he writing about and why should i be reading this and he went on describing and then in the 1900s he gets rediscovered and soon after in 1909 we find the word gene because botanists and biologists begin to say to himself we have to have a word for this. it's abstract, we don't know what it is, is a molecule or a structure, but something carries this information. we know it's important and so we've got to have a word for it. william, one of his great defenders, i talk about him and there's a great picture of him in the book and points to the word genetics from genius, generation, all of these words coming together and he coins the word gene for genetic and then his colleague says we have to name that thing and the

i'm editing this new type of genetic engineering. the 1st is genetics. this is krista lab. it counts out the unwanted part of the gina. but unlike hair, this pot does not grow back. it's gone forever edition, it's good. yeah. okay. and no one knows what last and consequences this could have for the plant that is in the 2nd technique is gene silencing. with this, there is no cutting garage about to get rid of the problematic part, whether you use something artificial to conceal at equal now, and it not only conceals gene silencing causes permanent changes in the genetic material of the plant by means of muted genesis. as an implant in classical genetic engineering, we speak of trans genesis here a gene foreign to the species is transplanted into the genome of a host organism like a plant or an animal. so that develops characteristics. but it did not originally have yep. mm mender dot by assumption, that then read the conversion, lay with it. yes, all she for, i didn't, the new methods modify the genetic material of the plant without transplanting genes. does william this goo

we examine the pros and cons of genetically engineered foods. >> with genetic engineering, it's just moving very small parts of that genetic information, and pulling it out of the very precise way, and pasting it back into another plant. >>> an interview with ted gray of comcast sports net about the evolving climate for gay athletes, coming up next. >>> good evening. i'm scott schafer. welcome to "this week in northern california." joining us tonight are amy standit, and paul rogers for the san jose americay news. this week, the final snow pack measurement in the sierra confirmed what we already knew. this has been a very dry year. paul rogers, it's also been a week where we've seenen early start to the fire season, from sonoma, to southern california. i assume those things are related. >> they are, indeed. we've got a lot of dry vegetation out there right now. the snow pack on may 1st was 17% of normal. for this time of year, that's the lowest that it's been since 1977. and as a result, we're seeing conditions all over the state that are more similar to conditions that we see later

containing genetically of their by potatoes at the all these experiments. with. genetically modified potatoes that you get to pick up at a diffidence biondi investigated the. growth development. immunity they were supposed to have been. but it's that pace of change that's wearing out the scientists as well they say g.m. food is being rushed on to the market and so on times without adequate safety tests that we have a lot of want you to experience. sixty thousand pages of internal documents and in these internal documents it was very clear that the scientists inside the agency said we need to test these foods for toxicity allergenicity immune response lower nutrition and for environmental contamination page after page of study they said we need none of this was done. today around a third of the soil from the u.s. is genetically altered and when it gets to the factory it's mixed together with ordinary soil and you never know which is which. in precautionary science have been at engineering it means one question means one career you ask one question you get the answ

these scissors have become one of the most important tools in the world's genetics labs. genetic scissors work on plants and animals. and even on humans, they're universal, and that's why they have such huge potential the new technology is so powerful that in just a few years, it's become of fundamental technique for geneticists. in modern plant breeding in research and in medicine. but with great power comes great responsibility, should humans intervene in the blueprint of a living being? is it crossing an ethical boundary? in creating new species, many fear that humans are playing god. genetic scissors are already being used in a wide range of applications like customized plant breeding and the development of new drugs, treatments, and vaccines. it's created a lot of excitement in medical research, but some people are frightened by the technology. geneticist, professor joachim vit boat says society needs to be aware of the opportunities and dangers, especially when it comes to human applications. the fog isn't mobile fume on this. i question is always about what you use it for lines of.

the genetic anymore the fate products are. to have we should not sacrifice to help with the people and even though they'd vironment for the sake of short term propping up the corporations the miracle race from switzerland is up against a great deal of opposition and mistrust. you get the feeling you want to help these people but they don't want your help. you know exactly rights does not surprise you. as a citizen of switzerland you must have had plenty of opportunity to recognize how unpopular trends genetic plants are this golden rice is considered a dangerous plant by professional opponents of genetic engineering because it simultaneously shows that the technology is not only being used to benefit months until this but to help the poor for the public good and to improve public health is that no one is making any profit from it. this name again my entire life i've never received a penny for our work the entire humanitarian board has invested its own time but never received any money for it so that means the entire arguments

you can see that the basic insurances support genetic tests for very few cases and a wide range of geneticit is not covered by basic insurances , unfortunately, supplementary insurances may cover it according to the type of contract, but a large part of the society does not have supplementary insurance, and this may require that, god willing, the authorities support basic insurances that a large part of the population has. in our country , workers are covered by insurance in the field of employment let's hope they include the genetic discussions , how much does it cost? see , the most expensive genetic test is around 20 million, and the most basic test is about one and a half to two million in the department such as royan as a it is a non-governmental public institution, its definition is almost half of the private definition, that is, 50% is the private definition , including this 50%, it is approximately up to this limit, and it should be said that for families who need a test, if the insurance support is weak, they are sometimes deprived. from the test and god forbid, they will face som

if you just use genetics, it's not going to work.at least dr yiannis later confirmed that i'm free to drink coffee whilst i mull over my need for any diet change or not. i tell you, she'd never have given it up anyway. now, back at decode genetics in iceland, founder kari stefansson has been looking at a similar and possibly controversial topic — how our genes shape our bodies, our minds and our personalities. i can tell you how we can use genetics to explore in a way the nature of man. his most recent scientific paper has been looking at how that relates to one of the developed world's biggest health problems. if there is one condition that predisposes to more diseases than anything else, it is obesity. obesity predisposes to heart failure, to liver diseases, to osteoarthritis, to type ii diabetes — it predisposes to an incredible number of all cancer diseases. now, some people are genetically predisposed to become obese. their genetic make—up means that they're just more likely to overeat. not all of these people do become obese. i

here is the development of genetic technologies.an understanding that genetic technologies. we need to develop programs. this is the thirtieth year of the scheduled creation of the genetic genomic center. where is produced for example, down the creation of the base, the project itself is called 100.000. plus i am this well, anyone there? well, in this case. i am this is the idea of ​​voluntariness. it must be present here, because it is voluntary. but i can donate my genes or not 100,000, you cannot do it, because out of these 100,000. a probably it should be called 100.000 plus. we need to understand that this is a corporate program, so, uh, basically , dna sequencing is done for employees of the company , their families, and a very significant amount of work is done with medical partners. these are leading medical scientific centers. that is, if i'm not sick with something, well , so genetically exotic, then you don't need my genome. we need all genomes, but we are talking about total gene secretion. the goal of the whole genome p

from the genetically modified feed so the european. consumers are largely unaware that they're still being exposed to g m o's which may be negatively influencing their health in general but if everything is so dangerous as you say because i guess in america people are much more of everywhere what you're saying that people here in rush hour and hero why are the sales going up why are they growing well actually the sales of known g.m.o. labeled products are growing faster than any other category it was the fastest growing category of food sales in two thousand and twelve we have known g.m.o. shopping guide dot com and a free i phone application called sharp no g.m.o. with over ten thousand products that are verified as non g.m.o. whole foods president told usa today that when a product becomes third party verified is no g.m.o. sales increased by fifteen to thirty percent hundreds more companies are in rolling and this is creating the tipping point we saw the tipping point have been in europe we're seeing stage after stage of the tipping

is genetic in foxes. so she knows who's who. and let me just show you one example of what lyudmila found, and this was typical. here's her description of a clutch of pups born to an aggressive mom. so half are her biological offspring, half are foster offspring. this is lyud america ila describing what happened. the workers, they're all waiting for these foxes to give birth, and they're waiting for the pups to get old enough that they can just watch them, and and here's what lyudmila said happened. the it was fascinating. her foster came offspring were barely walking, but if this was a human standing by, they were already rushing to the cage doors and wagging their tails. she, the mother, was punishing her foster offspring for such improper behavior. she growled at them, grabbed their neck, through them back into the corner of the nest and what did they do but get up, walk over to the front of the cage and start licking the hands of humans. this is exactly what you would expect if tameness is due to genet

genetically modified crops. we've used them for over 15 years. and they've allowed us to become better stewards of the soil and ward. we use far, far fewer pesticides and grow a higher quality crop at a better price for the american consumer. my fear is once we start labeling things like this we're creating a definition between the two, and we're essentially saying that one product is superior to the other, or gmo product is inferior. >> kevin, you're a scientist. this is what you study. jeff mentioned there have been decades of science behind this, but it's interesting to me that 64 other countries passed laws that require gmo labeling. what kind of science were they using? >> it's the same process that they're using here. here people with an agenda are deciding to change the law, set up some sort of infrastructure that will force us to do this kind of labeling. science is not a democracy. it's not about how many signatures you can get or the science is dictated by the number of people who voted for a certain initiative. the science is loud and

each item would be stamped with words such as "genetically engineered," or "partially produced with genetic engineering," or "may be partial produce which amendewith genetic engineering." if californians vote yes on proposition 37, the state will become the first in the country to require such a labeling system, possibly affecting industry labeling practices across the nation. numerous items are already sold in grocery stores containing genetically modified corn and soy, but companies are not required to inform consumers. advocates of prop 37 say consumers have a right to know what they're putting into their bodies. >> we all have the right to know what is in our food. that is why so many consumers say yes to proposition 37. it gives us the right to know if there are genetically engineered ingredients in our food, with clear information on package labels. that is the very same rights consumers in nearly 50 other countries already enjoy. yes on 37. we have the right to know what is in our favor. >> that that was free -- was released by "yes on 37 california right to know campaign." upon it s

us the genetic component. i mean, i think i've... i understand that 99% of our genes are all alike but the 1% is crucial. >> exactly. so we've known for a long time that genes play an important role in autism but it's really only been in the last several years that we've had the tools and we're able to really make progress and get a good picture of the genetic landscape and really a lot of that is because the advances in genomic technology have allowed us to look at that 1%, the part of the genome that varies between people in a way we've never been able to before. so in doing that we found there are different types of variation that we either didn't know about or didn't pay attention to that are very important for autism. >> rose: and what are they? >> so we've known for a long time if you look at two people and examine their genome there is will be changes or differences in the letter code of d.n.a. one particular position. we've known that for a long time. what we've now found out through high resolution ge

and i was taking that out on the genetics counselor. i almost started to shout and then i was very quiet the rest of the session. my daughter is fine. [laughter] >> but it is a burden so if you talked about the possibility can also have a weight. >> i think a long time heredity has a lightness and a darkness to it so the title of the book tries to speak how we look at children and what we find delightful and then where that came from. so there can be that anxiety maybe you are are bringing a legacy you may not even know about. so to preface in 2000 when my wife was pregnant the technology for the sequence of genes is so primitive compared to now. there is no way they could know anything except a few genes. but now it is totally changed. >> we will dig further into the concept of heredity. we talk about it often but yet it is also vague that you can refer to a lot of different things we believe we inherit. so can you talk about this concept of heredity and where did it come from? how should we think about it today? >> the word heredity i

genetic engineering not modification.ecause we like to imply there's some thought that goes into this >>> you're changing their genes? >> we're giving them an extra gene in this case or a small package of genes. they have everything that they had before plus something extra. that extra prevents the parasites from developing in the mosquitos or being transmitted by the mosquitos >>> the science is complex but the concept isn't. mall an i can't is a ar parasite spread by mosquitos. you have these special genes that make it, the mosquito resistant to malaria. >> correct >>> then the next question is how do you get it in the population >> that's correct >>> that's the gene drive >> yes. you can imagine a truck and a truck that has cargo. the gene drive component is the truck and what the truck is carrying are our genes >>> simply put, each mosquito genetically engineered in this lab could spread the new genes into the entire mosquito population. first they have to get the d.n.a. package into the insect. is that really hard to

arc genetics based on ancient dna. a specialist for the united states military at fort detrick once told me ancient dna is dna that's not walking. so it really does bring us down to the present day plays a very important part in the american military for identifying missing were particular really thrilled that today's presentation is able to occur in black history month of 2024. we hope that this brings special joy to all of you to see the kind of work that the size of the human past is able to do today on this wonderful occasion, i myself, as many of you know, have a background in economic history. and so i'm familiar with the the first stages of the total industrial revolution in new england with in which water power and then steam power were harnessed to machines and largely young women were harnessed to the machines to produce the textiles. and it's only through this project that i learned that in the 18th century, in many in some parts of america, human power was also harnessed to those machines, but not through w

we want to see if the difference in Ãbhas a genetic component.ybody's being reasonable not saying it's entirely genetic but he runs through this long list of ways in which it's very difficult to figure it out. i think adulting is more on both sides than on gramps. certainly more on my side then the congress school. it is a very well-known eminent psychologist behavior geneticist named eric durkheim or, he is joined by many others and he says Ãbhe makes the case great detail he saying something like divorce or marriage as an heritability we know that from twin studies it has substantial heritability. but not a specific genetic etiology and the way that the huntington's disease does. i'm of the view that bottom of a rapidly rising i was going to a conference in galapagos i think in 2014 and i wanted to find all the snips that have been associated with a specific trait or behavioral trait. that was six years ago. that's extraordinary progress. a great deal of what dalton said that i thoroughly agree with and i'm just saying, it's a very exciting adv

the genetic anymore the fate products are. released to to have we should not sacrifice to help with the people and even though they'd vironment for the sake of short term propping up the corporations the miracle race from switzerland is up against a great deal of opposition and mistrust. you get the feeling you want to help these people but they don't want your help. you know exactly rights does not surprise you. as a citizen of switzerland you must have had plenty of opportunity to recognize how unpopular trends genetic plants are this golden rice is considered a dangerous plans by professional opponents of genetic engineering because it simultaneously shows that the technology is not only being used to benefit months until but to help the poor for the public good and to improve public health is that no one is making any profit from it. this demon in my entire life i've never received a penny for our work the entire humanitarian board has invested its own time but never received any money for it so that means the entire argum

we would not be here and catch today were it not for genetics and genetic engineering in particular.>> thank you. how much promised the field there is in that area? >> it depends on which the rainy. antibody therapies for cancer one of the most striking therapies these days. we are doing more and more. again, would not be possible without genetic engineering. we would know what an antibody was, how our immune system work if it wasn't for genetics. genes underlie all of these really miraculous advances. >> yes spent another example. remember the distinction breast cancer? guess what those are. genes. it's a marker for certain kinds of cancer. if you did know the you would not retreat breast cancer. >> and the doctors, physicians have had tremendous very quickly. >> absolutely. very, very quickly. >> what do you make or how close to think we are to potentially get a cure for cancer, eddie think efforts like the president's cancer moonshot and others to try to get towards picture, how close do you think we might be? >> searcher is a coveted word in cancer. because it depends on the kind

people are empowered with theirn genetic rmation.u get this first taste of learning about yourself, it really changes how you think about your health overall andwn your o sense of empowerment and your health. >> now is venturing into new territory, offering customers a chance toive theirdna a second life through medical research, searching for cures to age-old diseases. >> how is i can crowdource all this information and then i can. i can partner with ademic researchers, i can partner with biotech companies, pharma companies, to say how can we all who have a common interest come together and say i want a solution and i want information. >> more than 4 million customers have opted in, and the results breaklready helped scientific ground on everything from migraines to cancer. one of the most significant finds, the first-ever genetic ink to depression, thanks to a partnership with drug manufacturer pfizer. >> i think about succee for m for the company is the impact that we have on human li. >> andhe's not done yet, now turning her atte

which is one of the easiest to genetically engineer and the point of the whole genetic modification experiment was to protect the potato a gate stay feeds one of the major pests it scotland of they attack there the potato they could leave parts of the potato and we observed that that particular elected which we used which we take to cross. the snowdrop. did to protect the snowdrop bulbs against or sorts of pests attacks and we had hoped that if we had to take the that particular gene and transferred it educate it into the potatoes that would also be protecting the potato against insect attacks which in fact it did. after the end it was were killed at dissected we found out that they'd come pad is with a genetically modified potatoes there it turned no or get developed differently some of the internal whole gets such just for example the got increased in size. even do it. or some of the other issues. or the kid is where they don't develop as well as the controls and the conclusion this is a part of the they found those date thirty six thirty six very significant different it says the

and the carrier of genetic information, the material carrier of genetic information that we pass on toildren and receive from our parents, is a molecule called dna, deoxyribonucleic acid, and on this molecule, as on a material carrier, as on a magnetic tape, it is written that you - this is you, and i am me, and bari is bari , dna molecules are very long in every cell of our body, we have... hundreds of trillions of cells, containing about 2 m, of these double helices of dna, which many probably imagine, imagine small, small cells, each crammed with 2 m of these tiny molecules , that’s the dna that is in our cells, we have it the same in our body, because we received half of our dna from our mother, and half from dads, so all this genetic information that makes you you, and me me, both bari bari, and it is called a gene, because this information can be read, there is a certain procedure, it is called sequencing, or in russian, probably, the definition dna sequences, where we really just read a set of such genetic letters, these are chemical molecules , but for convenience i will call t

the genetics of the red is very important, but the diseases and the genetics of the patients, so, ofrse, all cases. difficult, yielding to the traditional treatment regimen, they just lie in the field of genetic coding in oncology, in general, or the treatment of any of the diseases is impossible without a preliminary genetic academy, but having increased, of course, we have such methods for everyone today we can’t instill this strength, clinical experience and intuition for victory in sports arenas, not only strength, endurance and speed are needed, but intelligence, like muscles, needs to be constantly trained. how well belarusian athletes understand sports. rifle what we play i choose the game dyna of ours. what is the name of the team of the support group and the hockey club dinamo minsk andrey pervyy caught, watch the intellectually entertaining show heading on belarus 24 tv channel belonging to the varta people strive relatives and tradition, we set off on an expedition along the patches of our ukraine to get to the place of destination, we tried to drive 33 km and eight at noo

only want to identifying genetic variants that cause genetic disorders that manifest and early childhood food and keep this money fist in. and we aim to identify diseases where early screening or treatment could significantly improve outcomes or even lead to a tourist or to come to that to kind of get in. okay. so any diagnosis made through screening must have a direct impact on treatment. well, this seems reasonable, that also means withholding diagnoses that could still be important to families. take the romero, family, 70 world kiara has a rare genetic disorder called do 15 q syndrome. children born with this condition can have a range of complex disabilities including autism, spectrum disorder, and epilepsy. m. it's 6 more mountain park there. she was 6 months old when she had her 1st seizure and, and the team. we went to the hospital, but they missed diagnosed it as a re fox and sent us home safely, things escalated quickly after that. when done and i had some kids aside. she was having a 1000 seizures a day, and we went through a long and difficult journey to finally get a diagnosi

and so even the best scenario of genetic counseling, i think, it's still -- a genetic counselor would never be able to completely overcome the problem of how in the world a woman is supposed to decide what sort of risks to live with. it's, it doesn't seem to me particularly empowering at all. the other thing that is misleading, i think, about the way angelina jolie was talking about this was she said i've now eliminated my risk for cancer, and i can tell my children i will never get cancer, and i don't know how anyone could say that's true. and so there is -- you don't get that kind of certainty even if you elect to have these preventive surgeries. there's actually a lot of debate in the early '90s of whether to commercialize the test. the braca researchers, those early researchers just wanted to keep the testing within research settings, but they weren't able to control that. and so -- and now that myriad has lost its patents, it is a lot cheaper now and might very well become more common. >> last question

it's billions landed in the center of a genetic modification scandal. the majority of congress are now millionaires for the first time in history according to the center for responsive politics which sounds pretty insulting when the average american is not doing so well financially this seems bad like a bunch of rich guys rule the country which they kind of do but one could argue that congress isn't rich enough first off due to inflation a billion dollars is not as much as it used to be especially the cost of one campaign to get in a congress costs around one million six hundred thousand dollars so yeah a million dollars of net worth may sound pretty rich to you or me but the expensive game of us politics these guys can't even afford the costs related to getting the work electoral campaigns are a big money affair so it is no surprise that people like you or me can't get into the law making business without selling at least a little piece of our souls to someone who has very deep pockets so again the problem isn't that congressmen are wealthy it is that