initialhere was an enthusiasm for abolitionism, it dissipated in the war. i think the greatest impact of judger on his work as a thischolar comes in double transformation that he the warm the idea of being crusade to admiration of the e of the soldiers fate. scholarshipns to do and be a judge, he begins to intellectual enterprise do something like a solitary hazardous journey. he begins to wrap himself in a cult which is later called a job sm, the idea that you do your job the best you can and leave it at that. inre is a remarkable passage the addressee makes on the 50th anniversary of the harvard class of 1861 -- 1911, in which he of somethingdience like 70% of that class fought in the war. he is talking about the class and the war. he says, i learned in the regiment and the class to hammer out as solid and compact a piece of work as one could to try to make it first rate and to leave it unadvertised. good encapsulation of his attitude towards his academic work. did he learn it in the class and the regiment? i think not. or put it another way, i think only

during his war he made his transition from abolitionism to something else. i think there is a disagreement about what that something else is. professor mcpherson said pragmatism. louis would say skepticism of all ideas. professor white was resisting the idea towards the end that it was jobism, that was sort of constructive later on and not really what the war taught him at all. in his book, professor white says it was an unadvertised professional craftsmanship that the wartime. are these competing narratives about holmes' worldview and philosophy? are they contradictory? what narrative do we most know about how the war affected his thinking? >> i see no inconsistency between the idea of him as a pragmatism and his jobishness. what he admired more than anything else was a kind of professionalism of doing the job right, getting things right. not exactly perfectionism, but whatever works and that seems to me the essence of pragmatism. one of his friends during much of his life was william james, an architect of the philosophy of pragmatism. i think this admirat

they were very much involved in abolitionism to try to eradicate slavery but they were also involved in such issues as prison reform and the whole idea of the penitentiary here he came into vote at this time. the idea of a place where a criminal could become penitent and then we hope constructively rejoin society in a much more salutary way. the issue of equal rights for women including voting rights which of course in the 19th century was a radical idea. evangelicals were very much involved in the formation of the common schools or what we think about as public education today. as a way for those on the bottom run of society to aspire to a better life to try to aspire to move into the middle class. other campaigns associated in the movement would be the campaign against doing which was inaugurated by the presbyterian minister in connecticut because they thought it was barbaric. there are peace crusades in the early part of the century and even a campaign of gun control. imagine that in the early part of the 19th century. all of these were motivated and animated by evangelicals who w

as examinations of slavery and abolitionism drivers to keep making more progress. >> williams the unarmed the 2013 national humanities metal for aligning our view of the world. fostering a global conversation based on the common values and experiences shared by all clusters helping to bridge differences and built just. [applause] >> darlene corkboard. the 2013 national humanities metal for enriching our understanding of the african-american experience grew prolific scholarship and examining race, class, and gender and a shot of those girls of successes of african-american women have shaped the nation we are today. john paul jones. [applause] the two dozen 13 national and humanities metal for honoring nature and traditions of architecture. as the creative mind behind evers and cherished institutions around the world mr. jones has designed spaces were the of the culture is reflected, the communities they serve and the environments they inhabit. [applause] [applause] be the 2013 national humanities medal for documenting the stories of african americans through from. mr. nelson has expressed

and his examinations of slavery and abolitionism drive us to keep making moral progress in our time.se] william theodore de bary. [applause] the 2013 national humanities medal to william theodore de bary for enlightening our view of the world. as a scholar of east asian studies, dr. de bary has fostered a global conversation based on the common values and experiences shared by all cultures, helping to bridge differences and build trust. [applause] darlene clark hine. [applause] the 2013 national humanities medal to darlene clark hine for enriching our understanding of the african american experience. through prolific scholarship and leadership, dr. hine has examined race, class, and gender, and has shown how the struggles and successes of african american women have shaped the nation we are today. [applause] john paul jones. [applause] the 2013 national humanities medal to john paul jones for honoring nature and indigenous traditions in architecture. as the creative mind behind diverse and cherished institutions around the world, mr. jones has designed spaces worthy of the cultures t