the abolitionists pushed lincoln. the civil rights movement pushed kennedy and johnson. you need a president who is open to that. i think even though jfk started to be open to it after that march, what you needed was somebody who was going to put it at the top of his agenda. that is what lbj did. he was able to understand that he could say in his first speech to congress, no memorial would matter to jfk more than the passage of the civil rights bill. the progressive movement pushed teddy was about. the abolitionists pushed lincoln. the civil rights movement pushed kennedy and johnson. you need a president who is open to that. i think even though jfk started to be open to it after that march, what you needed was somebody who was going to put it at the top of his agenda. that is what lbj did. he was able to understand that he could say in his first speech to congress, no memorial would matter to jfk more than the passage of the civil rights bill. he used that whole feeling toward jfk to help him. then it became his thing. when you have an angry young, we were lucky to have

i think it shows the way the abolitionists and slaves responded to the extension of slavery by adopting and finding new places to escape. help to the of slaves get him how did they know where to go, how to get to mexico? >> many of the slaves who had come across actually mentioned that mexicans living in texas would tell them about friedman mexico and how race wasn't a significant factor. so, that is one way that slaves could get information. in addition, texas newspapers often published accounts of texas slaveholder's being angry about their slaves escaping to mexico, so sometimes they may overhear their slaveholders talking about, well the slave has gone to mexico or mexico won't return our slaves. there were a number of ways that they could gather information about mexico. research, have they studied the diplomatic relationship at the time between the u.s. and mexico? when the mexican government use theto attempt to slaves. slavery in the broader sense, this is an era where slavery is beginning to expand. the mexican-american war, part of the reason why people were opposed to it was

he was an abolitionist and he was a sitting member of congress at this time. suddenly, he finds he's the owner of the most famous slaves in the united states just literally overnight. he wanted to divest himself of these slaves as quickly as he could before the press found out. he sold the scott family for a token dollar to taylor blow, one of the sunday of the original family from the plantation where scott was born back in virginia. taylor blow brought them into this courtroom and set them free in 1857. so the scotts achieved the freedom that they had fought so long to obtain while still provoking this incredibly important supreme court decision that led the country to the civil war, which eventually freed all of the slaves. dred did not live long after the decision was rendered. he died probably of tuberculosis a year after the case was decided. his wife lived until 1856 so she would have seen the civil war and freedom come along. a good share of their lives the scotts lived here in st. louis. they died here. they are buried here. in many respects, we can s

the renault abolitionists in missouri. -- there were no abolitionists in missouri. with the telegraph, alarming messages of immediacy, but city the pro-and anti-sides were lining up. national, thewent scott family was caught up in the larger storm. allies and lizzie were never named parties. at that point, their parents send him into hiding for their own protection. 1857 in the 7-2 decision, the supreme court ruled against dred scott. from the context of missouri law, you can see chief justice tony was wrong stating the incendiary words that black people never had rights white people were obligated to respect. in missouri, but people have been entitled to freedom by residence for 30 years. furthermore, by persons had the right to an attorney to redeem that entitlement. theule of law had held -- rule of law had held. that small degree of protection had been a remarkable thing. in the face of resistance from slaveholders, the st. louis court sustained the rule of law to protect vulnerable populations. chief justice tawn ey'statement became the sentence most often asso

i did work to develop american history and studied the abolitionist movement. then decided to take the direction i have in my career, which is studying immigration history. later on, combining that study of the history of medicine and public health. >> one of your colleagues made the point that you cannot study history without traveling to these locations to fully understand the geography and the culture and people. and all that happened. can you touch on that? >> i'm in big fan of doing history outside of the classroom. public history, bringing history to a broader public. but also experiential history. toave taught a course colleagues on the history of the american people in war in the greater washington area. we take field trips. we go to frederick douglass' home. we visit richmond and jefferson davis' home. it helps a great deal to go to the location where events happened. it brings them home to students, the reality, sights. and certainly, my own experience as a young man with my father -- just to visit historic sites. for me, this is something that is abs

at a meeting in ripen, wisconsin, in march of 1854, abolitionists expressed their alarm at the spread of slavery into the kansas/nebraska territories, and they floated a name for a new political party; the republican party. this is march of 1854. just eight months later the new party had taken over the house of representatives and many statehouses as well. circus promoter p.t. barnum himself was elected in 1855 as a republican to the connecticut statehouse. and in 1860, just six short years after the party was founded, republican abraham lincoln was elected to the white house. while the republican party started out as an idea-driven movement, today's republican party is an established political party. for both parties ideology is far less important than party politics. even though ideas motivate and invigorate the grass roots. the grassroots. in contrast to our two political parties, the conservative movement is and always has been an idea-driven movement. conservativism has several important intellectual pillars. now, if you follow the mainstream media, you can probably rattle those

so i think it shows the way that abolitionists and slaves responded to the extension of and findingdopting new places to escape. >> what kind of help did these slaves get, and how did they know where to go, how to get to mexico, how did all of that work ? >> many of the slaves i've come across often mentioned that tejanos, o mexicans living in texas, would tell about how race was not a significant factor, so that is one way that slaves could get information. in addition, texas newspapers often the published accounts of texas slaveholder as being angry about their slaves escaping to mexico, so sometimes they may overhear their slaveholders talk about well, the slave went on to mexico or mexico will not return our slaves, so there were a number of ways of they could gather information about mexico and how they might arrive there. >> in your research, have you study be diplomatic relationship between the u.s. and mexico? >> yes, i have. as i mentioned, when slaves escape from the united states into mexico, it exacerbates international tension, especially when they refuse -- the mexican govern

the abolitionists pushed lincoln. the civil rights movement pushed kennedy and johnson. need a president who is open to that. i think even though jfk started to be open to it after that march, what you needed was somebody who was going to put it at the top of his agenda. that is what lbj did. he was able to understand that he could say in his first speech to congress, no memorial would matter to jfk more than the passage of the civil rights bill. he used that whole feeling toward jfk to help him. then it became his thing. angry young, we were lucky to have those moments. those generations don't always exists. god almighty, we need one now. [applause] >> i think these two men new -- even a week before the president declined to run again, i heard them talking like brothers. like pastor and member. and yet in the midst of this, you had two alien forces dividing them. and theday edgar hoover other was what i call the harwood mafia. >> i thought you were going to say vietnam. >> well that is the harwood mafia. [laughter] thatct, i didn't realize bloody sunday was about the ov

commented in the assassination of captain soule,' this was a statement that foreshadowed some abolitionists decision to gravitate toward the indian reform movement in the years after the passage of the 13th amendment. three federal investigations eventually determined that sand creek had been a bad act and one of them call that a massacre. and othersgton refused to accept those findings. because sand creek are presented and unsettled chapter in the region's history, the fight over its memory continued for years after. hunt79, author helen jackson embraced the cause of unity death -- of indian reform. letters to newspapers around the united states, she drew on silas soule's recollections of sand creek and use the massacre as a cudgel. creek hads at sand been peaceful and guarantee protection by federal authorities andshivington's troops had desecrated the dead. her charges rankled william byers, the editor of the rocky mountain news in 18 624. he had dismissed claims that sand creek had been a massacre. 1879, he ignored the ongoing indian wars. he replied to jackson that sand creek had pacif

it a brilliant black abolitionist, for a group does frederick douglass, said president lincoln was "the first great men that i talked with in the united states freely who in no single instance reminded me of the difference of color. above all, the black statesman declared, president lincoln was emphatically the black man's president. moreover, he was the first to show any respect for their rights as men. he was the first american president who rose above the prejudice of his times and of his country." will rightfully deny that president lincoln's constitutional legacy transformed american history? it was he who accepted war in order to uphold the constitution and the union, and with war, to free the slaves. here, byk, even we what extraordinary internal compass did president lincoln direct this whirlwind on this question, the great warlord himself, as the whirlwind of civil war violence gathered? expect ton said, "i maintain this contest until conquered or my term expires or congress forsakes me or the country itself forsakes me." thank you very much. [applause] >> i am a humble and obe

so it wasn't just one southern southernwas three ladies living under the roof of an abolitionist and a lincoln republican. the perfect combination for some family drama. unlike the library, which was the equivalent of today's family room where the children spend parlor their time, the was generally off limits to the roosevelt children, reserved for occasions.formal one occasion was in 1868 when the charter that established the natural museum of history in new york was signed in this room by his father. to associateend president the door radios let with the museum of natural history. reason, there's a big statue outside, that is the official new york state memorial to president roosevelt. walk inside this rotunda, a mural, there's a memorial gallery below. but when the museum opened up he only 10 years old. his father was also involved in the metropolitan museum of art. he helped raise money that built the statue of liberty. organizees the children's aid the orthopedic hospital, vent goes onto establish the brooklyn bridge. support behind bringing cleopatra's needle over. so much much

tradition that has really strong roots going back in american history, frederick douglas great abolitionistlave, talked about escaping dependency, booker t. wa washington. why has that tradition become so much less prominent inside the black intellectual movement? >> i think it's a very lucrative industry. what you've seen over the past 50 years is an attempt by the black elite to stay relevant. and what i try and get across in this book is that it's much more important for the black poor to have a man in the home than to have a man in the white house, like they have today. i think the obama presidency shows that wroefr whemgly is the case. the things that ail the black community are not going to be solved by politicians. they're going to be solved by the black community getting its own act together internally. the family, it's going to start with the family. >> but if the results are as awful as you argue, why hasn't there been a revolt intellectually and then politically within the african-american community itself? >> well, on the one hand you have the history of seg ra zbaigs and who wa

so it wasn't just one southern lady, it was three southern ladies living under the roof of an abolitionist and a lincoln republican. the perfect combination for some family drama. we are going to make our way to the front. unlike the library, which was the equivalent of today's family room where the children spend most of their time, the parlor was generally off limits to the roosevelt children, reserved for sundays or formal occasions. one occasion was in 1868 when the charter that established the american museum of natural history in new york was signed in this room by his father. most people tend to associate president theodore roosevelt with the museum of natural history. with good reason, there's a big statue outside, that is the official new york state memorial to president roosevelt. you walk inside this rotunda, there's quotes along the wall, there's a mural, there's a memorial gallery below. but when the museum opened up he was only 10 years old. he did a lot in his life, but not that early. his father was also involved in the founding of the metropolitan museum of art. he helped

time to leave the united states and restore the constitution in a new nation free of fanatics and abolitionists. he secessionists' words spoken during the secession crisis in 1860 made clear their reasons for withdrawing their states in creating a new nation. i'm going to read some of this to you. two things i want you to keep in mind. first of all, i apologize for some of the things you're about to hear. it is shocking when you hear this for the first time. secondly, keep in mind, this is not todd groce saying this. ok? i am reading the words of the secessionists themselves. three days before the 1860 presidential election, the charleston mercury, one of the most influential newspapers in the south called for a secession convention if lincoln won the race. stating "the issue before the country is the extinction of slavery. no man of common sense who is not prepared to surrender the institution of slavery and the safety of the south can doubt the time for secession has come. now or never." two months later, the delegates of the mississippi secession convention stated, "our position is identifie

abolitionists riding back saying what a disgrace. in the shadow of the nation's capital you see people being sold. and in places like new orleans and charleston they started to move the trading inside to take it off the street. you can still see some of these places in charleston, for instance. they're is a museum now in the ground that used to be one of these auction houses. >> of the 5 million population 1863, what percentage tried to escape? >> again, during slavery lots of men, particularly some women escape or attempted to escape. they know this through the -- people showed up en masse and the 19th century and a few ways. they showed up best property being offered for sale or somebody saying i want to purchase people. then you see them as runaway slaves, owners looking for them. after the war you see these information wanted ads where they're the ones actually placing that. so it is just really hard to know what the numbers are. >> how do your research a book like this? >> well, first of all, you kind of get bitten by some thing

ec abolitionists writing that and say what a disgrace and in the shadow of the nation's cap though you've seen people being sold. places like new orleans moved to trading in side to take it off the street. you can still see some of these places. in charleston, for instance, there is a museum in the ground that used to be one of these auction house says. >> host: of the 5 million population 1863, what percentage tried to escape? >> guest: again, terrible with numbers. during slavery, lots of men particularly come as someone name escapes or attempted to escape and we know this through the sides. so black people showed up in hats in the 19th century in a few ways. they showed up as property being offered first they'll are somebody saying i want to purchase people. and then you see them as runaway slaves or owners looking for them and after the war you see the information where they are the ones actually placing the ad. so it's just really hard to know what the numbers were. >> host: how do you research a book like this? >> guest: first of all you kind of get bitten by some pain and you just

this is why the abolitionist john brown established a supply depot there and met with frederick douglass to discuss the harpers ferry plan in 1859. some argued chambersburg was just one of several towns in the region that is received visits from early and threats of demand for money and surprisppls the reason chambersburg was burned with that they did not comply. others have argued that the decision was rooted in previous insurance. after all, the confederates had been in chambersburg twice before. in october 1862, confederate albury visited -- confederate calvary visited town and one of their famous or circumvented of the union army. they burned buildings belonging to the warehouse and a store house containing more material. they returned this time with robert e lee. in late june 1863, 60,000 confederate soldiers began to leeert in chambersburg, and established his headquarters there. he town escaped large-scale thisraction at point much due to lee's 73. menake war only upon armed and that no greater disgrace should befall an army and through it our people bandy perpetration of the barb

american society which in some ways, some terribly sad ways for me as the great, great grandson of an abolitionistnd union army soldier, shut down with the civil war and left behind it a very lessened, weakened society with a bohemia that took 20 or 30 years to give itself sort of a rebirth. >> ada introduces a paradox. she was the sole heiress of plantation other thans. and we also meet natalie barney who kind of also had more money than god and used it to build a lesbian spa. but i want to talk about that theme. the introduction of rich folks who are kind of the mety chis of some of these communities, the interesting relationship between kind of wealth and bohemia. >> well, it certainly is there in the history of radical art. and the radical art scene historically has been dependent upon a financial angel here and there. and those financial angels often very badly wanted to participate in this art scene themselves. so without them, it would be very difficult to manage these things. with them, it's wonderfully contradictory. >> yeah. often the patrons of the bohemians are the government that try

that helps to undermine to a degree the very easy notion that the north was abolitionists and the southproslavery. >> gerald horne, what most surprised you in your research around cuba, u.s. slavery, and jim crow? >> what most surprised me with regard to both of these product just projects was the rebelliousness of the africans involved. it was well known the africans in the caribbean were very much involved in various extermination plots, liquidation plots seeking to abolish through force of arms and violence institution of slavery. unfortunately, i think historians on the north american mainland have tended to downplay this. i think it is a disservice to the descendents of the population of the mainland and slave africans. that is to say, because it has been downplayed, it leads many african-americans today to either, a, think their ancestors were chumps front that is to say that they fought alongside slave owners to bring more freedom to slave owners and more persecutions of themselves, or, b, the deciphers code that is to say, they stood on the sidelines as their fate was being dete

i reiterate the firm condemnation of all forms of torture and call christians that do that as abolitionists. it's a very serious sin. >>> ukrainian president petro pour cheng is marking the anniversary. paul brennan reports. >> reporter: the invasion of the soviet union began on june 22, 1941, would claim nearly 5 million soviet and german lives in the first six months alone. in commemorating those losses is of special significance in the former soviet states. more than 1.3 million were ukrainian, a fact not forgeten by the modern leaders at sunday's wreath-laying ceremony in kiev. 73 years on, peace remains elusive. >> translator: unfortunately, these days the issue of war has begin become a reality in ukraine. the smell, the stench of war is in the air today. that's why the day before yesterday, during my visit to in the zone of the military operation i made a decision to give peace a chance. >> reporter: in moscow the russian leader laid his own wreath at the tomb of unknown soldier, but even here modern day events in eastern ukraine dominated the narrative. president putin's support for

they became very good friends and lincoln understood that he needed frederick douglas and the abolitionists just as lbj needed the civil rights movement. and together martin luther king and lbj produced something, thank god they were there at that moment in history, that changed our country forever. >> secretary califano -- [applause]. what would your perspective be on their relationship? you had the good or bad luck to be there when the relationship dissolved in a way. >> well, i think that at both ends, i don't know that dissolved in the sense that martin luther king made a decision about the vietnam war and this was the greatest hair shirt that johnson had to wear during all those years. i think he admired king. i think they were both quite good at politics. i mean, you said i wanted to mention selma and andrew did. january of '65 -- '64, rather, in a phone conversation, one of these wonderful taped phone conversations between king and the president johnson, johnson starts talking about -- '65, i'm sorry, about the voting rights act. and king reminds him that the five southern states he

time to leave the united states and restore the constitution in a new nation free of fanatics and abolitionists. the secessionists' words spoken during the secession crisis in 1860 made clear their reasons for withdrawing their states in creating a new nation. i'm going to read some of this to you. two things i want you to keep in mind. first of all, i apologize for some of the things you're about to hear. it is shocking when you hear this for the first time. secondly, keep in mind, this is not todd groce saying this. ok? i am reading the words of the secessionists themselves. three days before the 1860 presidential election, the charleston mercury, one of the most influential newspapers in the south called for a secession convention if lincoln won the race. stating "the issue before the country is the extinction of slavery. no man of common sense who is not prepared to surrender the institution of slavery and the safety of the south can doubt the time for secession has come. now or never." two months later, the delegates of the mississippi secession convention stated, "our position is identifi

douglass complained that william lloyd garrison and other influential in -- influential white abolitionists thought there -- thought his intellectual growth weakened their cause. "ier escaping from slavery, was reading and thinking for g." if he did not have the ,lantation manor of speech people will not ever believe you were a slave. it is best that you not appear to learned. -- too learned. give us the facts, we will take care of the philosophy. uss problem is still with when it comes to the history and that is a lot -- i say in the introduction that the thinking -- itedom will put people will form the intellectual spine of this book. i know the events. i do not have to talk about -- two people in mississippi about what happened during the freedom fromr, but i want to know any number of people, what i want to know is what really thinking? -- what were you thinking? why were you thinking that? it is important to understand in approaching this book that it is spine, thectual intellectual spine of this book is the thinking of movement people, which is what is really most often left out of th

american society which in some ways, some terribly sad ways for me as the great, great grandson of an abolitionistion army soldier, shut down with the civil war and left behind it a very lessened, weakened society with a bohemia that took 20 or 30 years to give itself sort of a rebirth. >> ada introduces a paradox. she was the sole heiress of plantation other thans. and we also meet natalie barney who kind of also had more money than god and used it to build a lesbian spa. but i want to talk about that theme. the introduction of rich folks who are kind of the mety chis of some of these communities, the interesting relationship between kind of wealth and bohemia. >> well, it certainly is there in the history of radical art. and the radical art scene historically has been dependent upon a financial angel here and there. and those financial angels often very badly wanted to participate in this art scene themselves. so without them, it would be very difficult to manage these things. with them, it's wonderfully contradictory. >> yeah. often the patrons of the bohemians are the government that try to br