. ♪ adolf hitler, who survived a bomb planted by one of his own officers in 1944, was presumably alivef berlin. by the best evidence, he is now dead. at nuremberg, the hitler's gang has gone on trial. time, criminal war leaders are being judged by an international court, by mankind, ribbentropss, von and 17 others, men who planned conquest of the death and enslavement of millions are now tried under law. ,en of all the world took hope peace and decency were assured as representatives of the united nations assigned the san francisco charter. the lessons learned in 1945, if mankind would remember them, could make the world a better place for all men forever. ♪ [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2020] [captioning performed by the national captioning institute, which is responsible for its caption content and accuracy. visit ncicap.org] ♪ >> tonight on lectures in history, we visit the utah state university classroom of a professor to learn about the civil war in missouri, kansas city -- kansas, texas and missouri. here's a preview. we areof the reasons seeing more guerrill

first off, you're not an obvious choice to play adolf hitler. >> no, i think there is definitely whitercould have done it. >> i think the first time i saw him in his hitler costume, it was jarring. >> scarlett johansson plays rosy, jojo's mother. >> fantasy is the strongest thing in the world. >> i think you'll find metal is the strongest thing in the world followed closely by dynamite. >> how did the two of you end up working on this project together? >> how did we end up working together. >> chris told you be it, didn't he? >> chris would be chris hemsworth, thor himself, and scarlet's co-star in the avenger movies. >> chris asked me if i had read his script for "jojo rabbit" and he was saying it was one of the best scripts he's ever read. >> i'm right here, awkwardly. awkwardly, as if i'm not listening. it's a nice light over there, isn't it? >> the script was big on laughs, but also had heart. >> i just fell in love with the character of rosy so much. it's very rare to feel that way when you're reading something that you fall in love with the character like that just off the page. >

joseph stalin negotiated a treaty of nonaggression with adolf hitler while promising each other piece of the soviet and german foreign ministers molotov and ribbentrop realigned the map of eastern europe splitting it into german and soviet spheres of influence. no sooner had the molotov ribbentrop pact been signed then poland was split and in september of 1939 eastern poland awoke to be western ukraine and a part of the family of soviet republics and the u.s.s.r. . but even this bold dividing of lands and nations only delayed the inevitable germany broke its promise to the u.s.s.r. . on june 22nd 1941 germany invaded the u.s.s.r. launching barbara rossa the largest military operation in world history. barbara was aiming for st petersburg moscow and kiev ukraine 3 destinations of major significance. ukraine with its rich lands in resources was an important industrial and economic source for the u.s.s.r. to cut it off from the soviet union would strike a big blow indeed. for most of the soviet union the 2nd world war was about fighting the invaders of their land. but it wasn't quite so

the oscar-nominated film jojo ra ra rabitt is about a 10-year-old boy who's imaginary friend is adolf hitler directed by taika waititi. >> and the torre behind jojo rabitt. >> pauley: on this super bowl sunday we have our eyes on the prize. >> don't you just love it. >> love what? >> tiffanys. >> tiffany is famous for thur silver, but strangely not for their trophies. >> it's not a marketing message. it's something deep within our culture. >> ahead on sunday morning, what makes a trophy a winner. >> pauley: and we catch up with mandy paitikin and sled dogs, giraffes and locusts. to start, the headlines for this sunday morning february 2, 2020. the number of coronavirus cases worldwide now tops 14,000. there are eight confirmed cases in the united states. starting today, all flights from china will be directed to seven u.s. airports for passenger screening. there's concern those airports aren't adequately prepared for the task at hand. in cedar rapids, iowa, bernie sanders drew 3,000 people dwarfing attendance for rivals. seven democrats have gone on to become the party nominee including ever

maneuver when further a tweeted picture othe afd leader shaking hands, alongside was a picture of adolf hitleroming german chancellor. some very strong comparisons which the afd has been pushing backarn. let's from david mcginnis who is in berlin. david: it started as aarty, but you've also got a powerful wing within the party which is described by officials here as a -- as having neo-nazi elements within it. it's been described by one court as fascist that's because they want to turn back germany's culture memorial, looking back toward the holocaust. they want to turn germany into a nativist countryre w nor tees are no longer welcome. >> h the afd mps in all 60 parts of parliament. nationally it has 89 seats in thelower house of parliament out of over 700. because you hite a grand con government with the two biggest parties, ft is the largest opposition party in the federal part. that means what has happened in the sile german state could be the start of a broader trend. david: you have a verytrong far-right afd party. on the other end of the spectrum, someone -- some would describe it as a r

alongside it, he tweeted this picture of adolf hitler becoming german chancellor.atest success in thuringia. today we really are the crucial party there..." "the parties in toor—ingnen, which up until now formed the government, cannot get a majority without our assistance." the the afd has hit back at nazi comparisons. tweet @afd "these nazi comparisons really stink. we in the afd stand for a law—based state, democracy, political pluralism and forjewish life in our country. we are against all violence and censorship of opinion. stop the incitement!". but toor—ingnen‘s afd is led by bjorn hocke, one of the party's most controversial figures. he sparked an outcry when he condemned the decision to place the holocaust memorial in the heart of berlin, describing it as a "memorial of shame". last year a german court ruled he can be reasonably described as a fascist. here's the bbc‘s damien mcguinness. you have people there simply eject for the eu in the year that's how it started as a party, but you also had a very powerful link within the party, which is described by of

and, from the beginning, adult hitler's -- adolf hilter -- werer and his followers committed to any meansr aim was the highest degree of control over the german communities. their intention was blatantly andforth in "mein kampf" the party program. preached their favorite doctrines up and down the land. they said that persons of a so-called german blood were a master race, entitled to subjugate or exterminate other races. they said that the german should be ruled under the leadership principle by which each sub leader owed unconditional obedience to his superior and so on right up to adolf hitler. was a noble and necessary activity in germany. and, they said that the nazi party alone has the right to rule germany, and the right to destroy the party's enemies. ♪ their rise to power was based on fraud, defeat, intimidation, and coercion. culminating in terrible flames. flame went the democratic constitution of the republic andmar the german people, for the fire set by the nazis extended to the very reichstag. , a witness who formerly held a high position told of his investigation of the reic

a little boy, his imaginary friend is adolf hitler and some people were hostile to this movie sayingas divisive but it had its champions and picked up it had its champions and picked up the wind tonight. something we are looking for, that is the streaming films and we have to in the potential topline that could with the best picture. what is the irishman, three .5 hours long. it took me two nights to watch it. same. they didn't go to a cinema to watch that film and there is a sense that film and there is a sense that those streaming films are taking away from the theatrical experience. could that hold them back? they do require that streaming films have a short tactical release like you've said, there have been naysayers like steven spielberg you say these are tv movies, not films that should be in contention here but we don't see any sign of that changing. and the other one is marriage story, also available on netflix. what you think its chances? i don't get some running for the best picture, it hasn't been in the conversation but i think laura dern has good odds tonight. we still h

he too compared president trump to adolf hitler. these are the two closest advisors. you tell them what to say and when to say it and so on. these people who call president trump hitler before president trump's plan, come on, give me a break. it's one big con job. >> i try to follow this closely. what do they stand for? how do you have these arab parties and then you have people who claim to be center-right and so forth. >> the other parties are not part of blue-and-white. they've given the majority plan to form a government without relying on their voting. either a yes vote. >> what to they stand for. >> they stand for getting into power and applying the opposite of my policies. to get into office they have to say they follow my policy. i fought really hard to get israel's incredible gas reserves out from under. they fought incredibly hard to keep them under. now they say oh, we will finance various social programs with the gas revenues but you fought to keep the gas under the sea. that's a lie number one. line number two about the trump plan, they're not. line number

churchill was warning his radio commentary and his columns warning about the rising threat of adolf hitler and not nazism, which most people in england at the time were ignoring. reagan spent his wilderness years doing radio commentary warning about the rising threat of the soviet union. there are a lot of parallels between churchill's wilderness years and reagan's wilderness years. there are many issues we could of course get into later, it is serendipitous but also because he forced them like proposition 13 in california, the panama canal treaties. you wereues that covering and that i was involved with that come forward to , produce his election in 1980. that is why i wrote, you know doug brinkley, terrific historian who edited the reagan diaries, said that the realm of reagan scholarship is beginning to open up. and every time i sit down to think about ronald reagan i think about a new aspect of his life and career and times that has been either underreported or hasn't been covered at all. juan: let's get in friendly territory and talk about the elephant in the room which is donald trum

they don't see a statue of adolf hitler innn the class.do you think we would put statues up of him? >> guest: the frenchman ernest defines people who have the same kind of history but also the same kind of ammunition of a forgotten things. i think that america is messy and requires compromise and requires something less than total victory on one side or the other. that is exactly what compromise is. so, i like messiness. it works for me. it is absolutely essential to keep the country together. in the last minute or so, you're in law school professor. what do your students think about this issue and that? >> guest: i don'tt. want to keep those issues before them but it is as much as possible is to what your politics are. ttryy to keep it that way. >> host: do they read your book? >> guest: i hope they will. are you going to have a conversation in the years on this topic? >> guest: i have one on the screeners debate. we will talk about it. it's there. >> host: frank buckley is the author of the book "american secession the looming threat of

hanging above the mantle is an autographed photo of adolf hitler because our hosts are career diplomat hans thompson and his wife annalisa who likes to be called baby was anglicized to beatty. she's just arrived in america . she's an animal lover, she's an equestrian and she's also a close horse. in years to come, reporters will say things about her like thompson was costumed entirely in wine colored velvet. doctor real splendor indeed. in fact, tonight bb is wearing, wait a minute, is something moving? indeed it is. meet a red squirrel that she reportedly brought over on the ship from england, excuse me, from germany. one reporter gushed that it drapes around her neck like a lovely for next piece. i guess if you like your for next pieces with claws. the book opens with this party in april 1937 and roughly the first third runs from this party up until december 7, 1941. the squirrel of the diplomatic and social scene. parties, receptions. here are hans and bebe. off to a reception at the white house. and she's got a little bit of a for right there, i think you'd agree. life in dc wasn't

that was determined to be accurate by the german official who checked in at the time, that when adolf hitler met a romanian dictator in munich on june 12, 1941, the latter asked hitler what was to be done about the jews in the soviet territory that their armies were about to invade. an important issue for him, since the area that would be seized initially was known to contain a large number of jews. hitler's told him that they were all to be killed. an instruction that the evidence indicates he had earlier given to heinrich himmler. we also now have a clear confirmation of the meeting before the invasion, at which a high ss official told commanders that they werers to follow the german armies into the soviet union. that a major part of their assignment was to kill all the jews. i will come back to the source for this resolution of a subject that was once quite controversial when i get to another point. all the evidence we now have leaves no doubt that the commanders of the battalions of autopolice, units with members more than 10 times as numerous as the famous group, were similarly instruct

is adolf hitler and opportunist? what are we talking about?an: i am talking about the tendency we have in our language to speak of violence in sometimes sweeping terms, and to refer to ethnic violence in categories that refer to the whole group rather than paying attention to the actual actors. i guess by using this word opportunist, what i am trying to draw attention to is that particular people are making particular choices, but they are justifying what they are doing by saying it stands for a much larger group. so, yes, lenin is absolutely an opportunist in this regard. i am not quite sure how you are making the analogy with marx. >> all those years that karl marx spent in the library was just an act of an opportunist? nathan: i didn't agree with you on marx. i say that lenin is an opportunist. i think there is confusion with your question. but my fundamental point is we have to be cautious when we talk about the reasons for things happening in history that we don't ascribe them to a whole group of people. we have to pay attention to who ha

as you can see, if you're a less-flamboyant ne'er-do-well, say a run-of-the-mill bad guy, or adolf hitleru're fine. but what if you have more panache, like evil spock or a depression-era dastardly tycoon? then you're out of luck. that's why i've developed a line of evil facial hair surgical masks called the "villain's veil" perfect for despotic rulers of distant planets, a sinister video game archrival, or ted cruz. so pick up one today, because evil doesn't take a sick day. ♪ ♪ ( laughter ) machines are sold. >> it's "the late show with stephen colbert." tonight: nothing to c.d.c. here. and stephen dishes with senator elizabeth warren in south carolina. plus, stephen welcomes jason segel and charlotte alter featuring jon batiste and stay human. and now, live on tape from the ed sullivan theater in new york city, it's stephen colbert! ( cheers and applause ) >> stephen: woh, oo! i don't know. hey! i just had to. i just had to. hey! welcome, ladies and gentlemen. welcome to "the late show." i'm your host, stephen colbert. the big story-- ( cheers and applause ) i'm glad to hear these peopl

we do not see a statue of adolf hitler in the plaza of a court. , saddam hussein, do you think we would direct statues of him? a frenchman defined nationalism as people who have the same kind of history, but also the same kind of amnesia. they have forgotten things. is messyhat america and requires compromise. something like less than total victor on one side or the other. that is exactly what compromises. i like messiness. messiness works. it is essential to keep the country together. host: in the last minute, you are a law school professor. what do your students think about this? guest: we haven't gotten into it. i don't want to keep those issues before them, but as much as possible if you are a law professor, students should not have a clue what your politics are. i try to keep it that way. host: do they read your books? guest: i hope. host: are you going to have a conversation at some point on this? guest: i have a class on the framers debates. we will talk about it. it is there. host: frank buckley is the author of the book "american secession: the looming threat of a national brea

these laws were championed by adolf hitler and claimed it as a model for nazi era.hese laws for someone sitting in the white house today. even once a year they could not find a way into the united states over 900 jewish refugees and search of safety but when they arrived they were refused entry they turned next to the united states they were so close to the city of miami at the nighttime they could see the lights twinkling. they sent cable after cable to franklin - - president franklin delano roosevelt who refused to answer and forced to return to europe some of the refugees were taken in the 264 perished in the holocaust. we also target another group of the mexicans that became part of local and federal policies 20 percent of the entire mexican and mexican american population in the united states equal several hundred thousand were pushed out of the country 60 percent were american citizens. this is a photograph published in the evening harold in 1932 which captures the chaotic scene of 1400 mexicans waiting at the city's central station to board special south paci

growing belief that amid rising hatred, the atmosphere in europe is reminiscent of the 1930's when adolf hitler came to power. >> i don't think we are anywhere near cl the 1930's.tuation of hitler came to power and made anti-semitism government policy in one of the most important states in the world. that is not going to happen nywhere so far as i can see. >> reporter: but the threat of anti-jewish terrorism is ever nt, hence the military sogue.outside copenhagen's main such measures have been essential since an islamist gunman shot and killed a guard protecting guests at a coming of age party for a girl called hannah bentow i. techese are images of thet bar mitzvah of hannah's brother elias. their mother mette says that returning to the scene of terrorismfive years on, has triggered her son's post traumatic stress disorder. h i have never seen him so heartbroken ande never felt so heartbroken in my life. it's very disheartening n to be able to help your child. wweheook at our specific family history, of course i can't help but feeling so very responsible and feel very guilty f having chosen to

upon his return in april of 1941, adolf hitler i watch him byaward, the iron cross your july, hiller has invaded the soviet union. a couple months later, he is transferred back to germany, his squadron gets new fighters, they are testing these things out in holland. he takesr 25, 1941, off in his new fighter, he is going to test it out over the atlantic. for whatever reason, the engine seizes up and he has to crash land into the atlantic and he is killed. is a german, but after all that, it is kind of a sad story. he dies, but his body is never recovered. book about his exploits, it is called the one that got away. there was even a movie that was created in 2002. kayla: we have had a charm, now we get to longevity. a french soldier and one of the few who served in world war i and world war ii and the only one i could find, i'm sure there are more, the only one that escapes world war i and world war ii and cap meant. he was a captain in world war i and captured during a bayonet charge. he spends a couple of months in german captivity, he escaped and 20 circus. i am not making that up

we don't see a statue of adolf hitler in the class of a courtyard or mussolini or modern-day let's lookein. do you think we would erect statues up of him? i got your. >> the freshman ernest are announced to find nationalism as people who have the same kind of history but also the same kind of amnesia, they have forgotten things. i think that america is messy and requires compromise and requires something like less than total victory on one side or the other. that's exactly what compromises. so, i like messiness. messiness works for me. it's absolutely essential if you keep the country together. >> and the last minute or so, you are a law school professor, or to your students think about this issue under threat of secession? >> we haven't gotten into it. i do not want to keep those issues before them, but as much as possible if you are a law professor the student should not have a clue what your politics are, i try to keep it that way. >> do they read your books? >> i hope they will. >> are you going to have a conversation at some.on the year? >> i have a class on the framers debates and

these laws were championed by adolf hitler in the 1930's.e claimed them as a model for nazi europe. these laws have also been championed by someone more recently, someone sitting in the white house today, white house senior advisor, steven miller. even refugees fleeing nazi europe could not find a way into the united states. in may of 1939 a group of over 900 jewish refugees fled europe in search of safety. they had visas to enter cuba. when they arrived, cuba refused entry to all but a few. they turned next to the united states and we know from documents that survived that they were so close to the city of miami that at nighttime they could see the lights twinkling in the sky. they sent cable after cable to president franklin delano roosevelt who refused to answer. they were forced to return to europe. britain, belgium and holland took in some of the refugees, but 254 perished in the holocaust. during the great depression, we also target another group, calls to get rid of the mexicans became part of local and federal policies. nearly 20% of

hold off adolf hitler and seduce frank ly franklin roosevelt. he got plenty of help.jected to a brutal campaign of bombings called the blitz. as western europe fell britain held the line. >> they do not realize we shall never cease to persevere against them. >> winston churchill led the charge to keep calm and carry on. >> i have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat. >> 80 years late eric larson's retelling of these events is the most riveting account yet. >> the day he became prime minister, it was the best dave his life. >> larson got his idea to write about london by moving to new york. he left his longtime home on the west coast to settle in manhattan. there was something he couldn't stop thinking about. >> when i got to the city, i got this really vivid sense of how different 9/11 had to be for the city of new york, for residents in the city of new york. the smoke. the sirens. the ambulances. the whole thing. plus the sense of violation that your home city has been attacked. how could anyone have survived the bombing of london during world war ii? >>

we do not see a statue of adolf hitler in the plaza of a court. , saddam hussein, do you think we wouldect statues of him? a frenchman defined nationalism as people who have the same kind of history, but also the same kind of amnesia. they have forgotten things. is messyhat america and requires compromise. something like less than total victor on one side or the other. that is exactly what compromises. i like messiness. messiness works. it is essential to keep the country together. host: in the last minute, you are a law school professor. what do your students think about this? guest: we haven't gotten into it. i don't want to keep those issues before them, but as much as possible if you are a law professor, students should not have a clue what your politics are. i try to keep it that way. host: do they read your books? guest: i hope. host: are you going to have a conversation at some point on this? guest: i have a class on the framers debates. we will talk about it. it is there. host: frank buckley is the author of the book "american secession: the looming threat of a national breakup.

late about what's happening there, but what can you tell me about the environment that enabled adolf hitlerand the nazis to rise to power? what can we -- history teaches us about how the democratic process can deyou will have ivo regime capable of atrocities. >> thank you very much. i brought my young son with me here today. what i can tell you is when you study the holocaust and beyond nazi germany, you see hate is only part of the story. it would be a mistake and too comforting to think if we can just inoculate ourselves against racism, that people will no knot do bad things to other people. when we study the holocaust in its specificity, much of what enabled the nazi rise to power had to do with motivations much more relatable, like career aspirations, greed, fear, opportunism. we can see, for example, that the nazi regime and some of our fellows at the museum have received this. many women were complicit in the killing process as a result. the eastern front, for example, offered a kind of i guess the opposite of a wild west, an environment in which a lot of social norms were broken down

i can't believe -- you know, think of adolf hitler, put a suit on him and run him for president, he wouldhave a better candidate than bloomberg. host: let's try one more caller larry from beaver falls, pennsylvania on the democrat line. good morning. caller: good morning. i just want to give a shout out to amy klobuchar. amy.e, vote for by, the time she gets to pennsylvania she may not be a way to get here i really want to be it what to vote for her. she is a moderate. she could with the midwest and we need someone moderate who can win. bernie is great, i love him, but he is a threat. in the general election, we have threat to ourl republic. trump must be defeated and removed. thank you. host: one last question from me. what do you expect the lineup to be denied for the delegates, and who will be in charge coming out of nevada, as far as the democrats go? guest: i don't know if it would be wise for me to make a prediction, there are just so many unknowns. but if you force me to make a bet, i would say, expect bernie to come out on top. everything have seen -- poll numbers, the strength of

what can you tell me about the environment that enabled adolf hitler and the nazis to rise to power? can history teach us about how the democratic processs can devolve into something with such atrocities? >> thank you congresswoman and also for sharingri your personal perspective. i brought my young son with me here today. what i can tell you is that when you study the holocaust and beyond nazis germinate you can see hate is a way part of the story. it would be a a mistake and too comforting for us to think if we could just inoculate ourselves against racism, that people willl not do bad things to other people. but what we find we study the holocaust in a specifically as much of what enabled the nasis rise to power with motivations that are much more relatable. motivation like career aspirations, greed, fear, opportunism, we can see for example that the nazis regime and some of our fellows at the museum researched great opportunities for women should be in roles they had not been able to be in before. any women were complicit in the killing process as a result. the eastern front, for