africa, done west here is french equatorial africa. most of the french empire also controlled madagascar and djibouti, which are not on this map. france was faced with multiple demands to implement reforms in its vast african and asian empires. the united states pressed for change to gain economic advantage and to thwart communist influence. colonized peoples who had sustained the world war ii effort demanded a greater voice in the management of their own affairs in this aftermath. having long justified empire as part of a great civilizing mission, france was determined to convince the world of the worthiness of its stewardship. in the veriest francophone territories, military veterans, trade unionists, and members of political parties responded to incremental colonial reforms by demanding equal rights for all french citizens, whether in europe or the overseas territories. after 1956, french subjects became citizens. the rights and privileges of citizens in the metropole became their new yardstick. in an effort to demonstrate the succe

africa command. ricom is that u.s. africa command. we have rights to use airports .n different countries self -- special operations forces and lots of countries operating under the radar. sometimes we hear about those who are helping to train african troops. unfortunately, we find that any of the troops trained -- they train still have serious issues with human rights abuses and sexual violence. in this case, it was french troops in the central african republic, but some american troops as well. battalions doing egregious things against civilians. the military coup in mali was conducted by american military-trained officers. we are training army to have them strengthen the region against terrorism but it is shortsighted in how it is being done. sometimes we will lay off and not give military aid for a while. it was suspended in egypt. we didn't call it a coup. we did suspend the aid for a while, but it is back. whether the army will be more cognizant of human rights, we are helping the nigerian army.

here is guinea in french west africa and north africa, and down here is french equatorial africa. that is most of the french empire in africa and the almost -- also controlled madagascar and djibouti. these are not on this map. france was faced with multiple regardingth reforms african empires. colonized peoples who had sustained the world war ii effort and great human and material cost demanded a greater voice in the management of their own affairs. empire asg justified part of a great civilizing mission, france was determined to convince the world of the worthiness of its stewardship. in the various francophone territories in africa, military veterans, trade unionist and scent political parties demanded equal rights for all of african citizens in the europe or overseas territories. in 1956, french subjects became citizens. the rights of citizens became their new yardstick. in an effort to demonstrate success of reformed imperialism and to justify the continuation of empire, france invested heavily in african economic development after world war ii. by the mid-1950's, these expen

to some people it is whoever comes to south africa from somewhere else in africa and brings good [ mutede. >> there were so many different colonialists. >> what at this table is originally african, and does that even have any mining? >> this wood is pine. >> i arrived in this country spectacularly ignorant. i will leave spectacularly ignorant. >>> ramadan. at this hour, all over johannesburg, members of south africa's sizable muslim community observe. the economy is growing, with creative new business incentives, the lowest taxes in decades, and new infrastructure for a new generation attracting the talent and companies of tomorrow. like in rochester, with world-class botox. and in buffalo, where medicine meets the future. let us help grow your company's tomorrow - today - at business.ny.gov don't let dust and allergies get and life's beautiful moments. with flonase allergy relief, they wont. most allergy pills only control one inflammatory substance. flonase controls six. and six is greater than one. flonase changes everything. [ boss ] it is a very smart plan. so we're all on board? [

i came with dreams of africa. and oil heir who's shoot rhinos and wouldn't it be great if we just left them alone? but reality is a bitch. >> in an ideal world, it would be great if every wildlife area in all of africa was just tourism. i'd have a smile from this ear to this ear. sadly, it's not reality. >> kester spend his life moving animal to safety. he says that poachers driven by poverty are winning. while animal lovers try to send a message by crushing ivory at time square or convincing businessmen in asia rhino horn is no longer cool, he says poachers are winning. so he'll take all the help he can get, even from a hunter like cor corey. >> i couldn't think of anything worse than shooting a rhino. in fact, at the same time, the fact that somebody wants to pay so much money to shoot an old bull and you just think of the facts, as long as it's not indiscriminate nat and done in a tiny kind of fashion if it makes any sense. >> and as long as that money really against to conservation. >> that is the secret. >> b

in comparison, say, to north africa or east africa. >> right. >> in the lawless parts of this continentclose to 100 elephants are poached every day. but in pockets like this, where photo tourism is taking hold, people are less likely to tolerate that slaughter. >> people feel like a sense of ownership and proudness to help these animals, and they're looking after them because it means a lot to them. >> so if you're an elephant, this is one of the safest neighborhoods left in the world, right? >> yeah. probably one of the safest. >> but where are the rhinos? i'm not the only american who came here with that question. this is a texan named corey knowlton, and in the summer of 2015 he came to namibia and like us spent three days chasing black rhino tracks. but instead of a camera, he brought a gun. music: "sex machine" by james brown ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ ♪ the call just came in. she's about to arrive. and with her, a flood of potential patients. a deluge of digital records. x-rays, mris. all on account...of penelope. but with the help of at&t, and a network that scales up and down on-demand, this hospi

. >> rose: tell us about terrorism in africa. >> terrorism in africa, and particularly in the whole of africa, is -- it has been -- it's big sometime, now it's not. the main reason why it was in the past is there was a large territory in somalia where the terrorists established themselves with training camps and all this. now the reality on the ground has changed in the last four years. there is a governor system in somalia expanded. today, there is not someone in charge. yes, we can say the institutions at the local level lack capacity, but we have federal, regional states are there now controlling somalia today. >> rose: there are what, i'm sorry? >> somalia is federated, become a federal system. federal member states. >> rose: but there is a rise in the al-shabaab, boko haram, al quaida on the arabian peninsula, all of these beyond the middle east which people are concerned, in asia as well. how do you see the rise of this militant, radical, violent islam? >> in the case of somalia, i would have not categorized them as rising again. these people have been controlling all over somali

the africa development bank has been out in front. the president understands that corruption kills more people than it aids tb and malaria combined so tackling corruption has to be part of this package. in fact, he was also one of the first leaders to call for a modern marshal plan as a partnership for progress. so what -- what might that mean? well, the marshall plan, as america knows, was the first time the world witnesses development and security on a grand scale. the marshall plan was an idea big enough to meet the moment in history. it was an idea as big as the sacrifice americans made in the fight for freedom. and idea that shows america could win the war and the peace, as lindsey graham keeps reminding us, an idea big enough to change the world. an idea like the idea of america itself. you see, the peaceful europe that i gratefully grew up in, the one so under threat right now was born of the marshall plan. histories's greatest example of national generosity is national security which is what i'm talking about today. and i'm no

with our partners and friends across north africa, the sahal and sub-saharan africa so that they know that they could depend on us to be there. i offer that is not true in europe, asia, the middle east, other places of us being a part of the dynamic to create stability across a range of activities will make a difference. doesn't take a lot. doesn't take a lot. but it takes something. and where we dedicate resources and our greatest resource in my mind's eye are american sons and daughters who willingly. don the uniform of our nation to go forward and serve. we ought to take advantage of that. what are the lessons learned? there are many, they're varied, but they are at hand. and as we work with partners around the globe, our ability to make a difference to address the arc of instability in ways beyond force of arms ought be a priority. to never back away from that. but it ought not be our first resort of action. and as we support it in ways that will make a difference, we will be able to establish a horizon of hope such that neighborhoods, communities, nations, regions, are doing more

mohamud: terrorism in africa and the whole of africa is big sometimes, now it's not. main reason why it was in the past is the was a large territory uncovered in somalia, where they established training camps and all of this. now the reality on the ground has changed in the last four years. this governor's system in somalia has expanded. it is not territory today -- we can see those institutions at the local level lack capacity, but we have federal, regional states are there controlling somalia today. charlie: they are what? pres. mohamud: somalia has become a federal system. federal member states other. -- are there. charlie: there is a rise in al-shabaab, boko haram, al qaeda on the arabian peninsula. all of these beyond the middle east. in asia as well. how do you see the rise of this militant, radical, violent islam? pres. mohamud: in the case of somalia, i would not have categorized them as rising again. they are people who have been controlling all of somalia. now, there is the specific order. there is the major town or city that they control. they are in the re

you've focused the world's attention on poverty in africa. the very tangible ways we can dramatically improve the lives of millions of people. i'm glad aly and your children are there to be there with you because i know they share strongly in your great commitment. general jones is one of the most distinguished public servants i know. i knew him from way back when i think he was a major there long before he became four star, commandant, long before he was our head of nato. he has this long and distinguished career. but i've also heard general jones say so many times as important as military force is, it's no substitute for diplomacy and development. and the general has been concerned about africa and where we are long, long before this hearing, and general, i admire you for that. and deputy high commissioner clements is no stranger to any of us here. she's worked on refugee issues at the state department, the united nations for i think over 25 years if i'm correct. seems that every time we've had an issue here you've been involved. i apprecia

there will be 60 national elections in africa this year. most polls show young africans are not looking to stay in africa. they want to go somewhere else because they don't believe they have any future. that should motivate our european friends to join with us in this partnership. lastly, i would like to make a point that there is an established, growing nexus between organized crime and terrorism. organized crime and terrorism have figured out ways to cooperate together. you have an extreme rise in illegal drugs, illegal traffic, illegal cigarettes, illegal people traffic in arms. there is an unholy alliance there that provides funding for much of the terrorist challenges we face today. but i do think to answer your question, i do think a closer working relationship on the foreign policy level between the public and private sector can show the power of the american economic engine and stimulate recovery and avoid future conflict in many of these countries. >> you mentioned the presence of china in africa. bono mentioned it earlier when he

also ahead, changing lives in sub-saharan africa. we'll talk to the founder of the people project foundation. this year's national black writers conference taking on issues of race in literature. "charlie parker's yardbird." and oscar winner-turned-broadway star lupita nyong'o. "here and now." >> if that new year's weight-loss resolution has fallen by the wayside, perhaps a way to get rid of those extra pounds is by detoxing. joining us today is dr. ian smith to share some of the clean, lean, fat-burning tips from his new book, "the shred power cleanse: the two-week plan." welcome back. >> good to be back, as always. >> i have to be honest with you. i love this book. i really -- first of all, the two weeks is attractive. >> yes. >> and i like the idea of a detox cleanse where you don't just drink every meal. >> that's the key. that's the key, right? so, for a long time, i actually have spoken against cleanses because i felt as though they were too difficult for people to do. 30 days or more is, to me, a long time. and also because wh

you see similar things in south africa. that is why you need a strong independent jew dish share. >> those institutions are very important but this is fundamentally a personal corruption that is going on here here, the present president was a protege of lula and so crony inch comes in on top -- cronyism eleanor: i want to say that i think corruption is blind when it comes to ideology. you can find people across the spectrum. >> not dealing with politics. pat: you mentioned south africa, you take the famous bricks, the emerging companies, brazil, russia, indiana, china, south africa and turkey. turkey has a horrendous problem with almost a dictator. five years ago a country what we had friends in every direction and now we have virtually enemies will every direction. involved in the battle in syria, fighting against the kurds. the world is in a very bad place. eleanor: how did we get from brazil to turkey? pat: one of these emerging powers. >> one of the positives i give things in foreign policy outstretched africa in terms

if he starts to tackle corruption in africa, it would be transformative. i'm not sure he's watching c-span at the minute. i look to have that conversation. >> mr. chairman, thank you very much for the hearing. thank you all. >> thank you. >> thank you all very much. just to wrap it up, a couple observations, we are trying to be proactive. the goal of the hearing is to focus on the problem is going to get worse if somebody doesn't deal with it now. better to invest now or pay later. losing jordan, we have to get a grip on this refugee crisis. it's not just providing food, shelter and clothing, it's a way to integrate them so they don't come here. it is designed to undercut radical extremism, a hopeful life. ten years ago when you first tackled the aids crisis, no one could have imagined in their wildest dreams how successful it has been and we have a ways to go. i can tell you, mother to child aids transmission is reduced by 75%. there are five countries inside the 20 yard line that can be self-sufficient when it comes to dealing with aids. south africa lea

so africa's main malaria carrier is a rural mosquito, and as africa organizes, the our projections that suggests malaria will not be as large a problem because it's a rural mosquito. india's malaria terry is an urban mosquito. these mosquitoes will adapt. as africa organizes there's no reason to believe that it will not adapt and become an urban mosquito. the frustrating part of reading the news is seeing a simplistic representation of how these insects operate in nature. i know just enough to be dangerous, but i know that this is a lot harder said than done, as if it were easy, we would have done it, right with the our other plenty of other diseases they can do for zika that screamed for mosquito elimination. it's not really doable. what we can do is work on the conditions the people living so that they are not exposed to mosquitoes. we know that works but that's too politically difficult so we don't do it would try to eliminate mosquitoes as a species. >> last question. >> in addition to mosquito transmission, how many of the emerging viruses are sexually transmitted? >> the question

the greed for ivory drives their slaughter across africa. the contents of this room are from thousands of dead elephants , from kenya and across the continent. an illegal ivory trade worth billions of dollars to versus the globe. the globe.s some of it starts here.

there will be 60 national elections in africa this year.polls show young africans are not looking to stay in africa. they want to go somewhere else because they don't believe they have any future. that should motivate our european friends to join with us in this partnership. lastly, i would like to make a point that there is an established, growing nexus between organized crime and terrorism. organized crime and terrorism have figured out ways to cooperate together. you have an extreme rise in illegal drugs, illegal traffic, illegal cigarettes, illegal people traffic in arms. there is an unholy alliance there that provides funding for much of the terrorist challenges we face today. to answer your question, i do think a closer working relationship on the foreign policy level between the public and private sector can show the power of the american economic engine and stimulate recovery and avoid future conflict in many of these countries. >> in mentioned the presence -- you mentioned the presence of china in africa. bono mentioned it earlier

this came off the back of an emergency meeting in the africa congress top six.ncluding the leader of the secretary general of the party, treasury. the six most powerful people in government, if you like. i think at that meeting he was probably told look, you need to say something because all the time since this ruling was delivered there has been--the momentum has been on the opposition side. although they only have a small number in this parliament, they have been scoring political points left, right, and center. >> of course, we do have reaction from the president's party, the anc, which dominates the parliament. he seems to have their whole hearted backing for now. >> yes, absolutely. and they came out only a couple of weeks ago from a national executive committee meeting when allegations emerged that business leaders the guptas, they had offered a offered position. they would offer support. i don't it's much of a surprise that the anc is towing that line. they're seeing it, if you like. they found it necessary to make this statement. this statement could hav

when it comes to south africa, t could be very good news. i would go for south africa. >> we have been talking to people about emerging marks, and one of the words we heard a lot was differentiation. they are not all the same. but it kind of looks like they have all been the same. look at malaysia, look at the turkish lira, they have all rallied. this suggests that the talk of impeachment is a distraction and the fact that they are all going up suggests these politics stories don't have as much impact on the market as we all imagined? >> you are preaching to the choir. the story so far has been two-fold. one, excess liquidity. you see negative rates, and we see a very clear backtrack to the fed as well. we changed our view to the fed hiking in december of this year. the third is the story of emerging markets have inflation and higher rates. the fundamentals are still poor across the board. >> when you look at brazil, there are numbers that suggest things may be improving. trade balance is getting a little bit better. lso economists are now f

e focused on rule of law in frederi africa. look s why people should to the united states for a rules based international system. eleanor: what about the special the ests and control in best congress money can buy? 'm not going to put the u.s. naturally before every other country. we have our problems. pat: i will. clarence: president obama looks dell louisiana tom: they betrayed his legacy. pat: they have zuma. south africa is in a disaster these people waiting or basically hardliners power. for clarence: one thing that has strong m at bay is institutions like the law there. the they got rid of scorpion police unit skwraofrplt s lula brazil's equivalent of julian assange? do you remember him? like it, john. eleanor: no. he is free only as long as he is beyond the reach of the law. he is an historic figure. he is not some character that leased documents. you were putting money on whether he can dodge the bullet when it comes to heal prosecution i would put my mine lula.y on clarence: assange was involved in something larger tha

we go to the front lines in africa tonight. >> we're loading up to go further north to a jihadi hot bed looking for the stolen girls and thousands of others taken, some into sexual slavery. >> these guys show up and say i have a choice. i'm going to kill you or you can marry me. >> carrying a bible or going to school can be a death warrant. children not just victims but weapons, suicide bombers. new details about the tactics used by the terrorists who pledge their allegiance and the search for the girls brings us to home. young women in hiding right here in america, educating themselves an act of defiance. >> bring back our girls, the stolen speak will be right back. z1yosz z1yotz >>> this is a special edition of night line. bring back our girls, the stolen speak. >> good evening. so glad you're joining us as we embark on an extraordinary journey to the front lines of a jeed di battle ground in africa. it's been two hours since boko haram stole nearly 3 00 teenage girls from their school and the hash tag "bring back our girls" came. since then thousands more kidnapped and some managed t

africa command was set up about ten years ago, out of recognition of the significance of africa as a continent as something that needed to be treated separately and in its own right from other combat and commands, the idea was that partnering operation aimed at strengthening african security operations so they could take care of their own populations. what we have seen over the course of the last few years is a growing shift towards counterterrorism probation opern africa, i.s.i.s. in north afri africa, aqam. >> djibouti's president is up or the reelection. does the outcome of that election amount to the continued u.s. military presence there? >> obviously other countries including france for example that operate from djibouti have to a certain degree benefited from the political stability that that country has offered. that political stability over time has come with the price that it is a authoritarian government that ranks among countries that are not free in the world. that is a dilemma for the united states. that said, djibouti is a spall country that benefits sphwanlt from u.ss

africa is a fairly young continent.e do not have the essentials of state building as many other places in the world. resources, in many parts of the world populations are aging, but africa is a young continent in terms of population. charlie: that is such a positive for economic growth. pres. mohamud: but still there is a long way to go in terms of building strong state institutions and developing the culture, not only the institutions of the rule of law. but also thet, culture of statehood is phenomenal. clanism is still a back pu -- force pulling when the nation tries to move forward. charlie: how will that change? pres. mohamud: it is improving. education is improving us. modern technology. this is improving very fast. that is what makes africa one of the fastest-growing economies in the world. charlie: what is your own economic growth rate? pres. mohamud: 3.7. charlie: better than the u.s.. pres. mohamud: for the first time in history, the imf had a report in the kidding that 3.7% is the economic growth in somalia -

rwanda, uganda, south africa, jamaica, thailand, brazil, australia, singapore and norway and my overall vision was to part, one was to rethink some of the fundamentals of our criminal justice system and specifically our prison system by way of other countries and rethink the fundamental concept of which are and the other one was that i wanted to broaden oure conversation which i think has been certainly a growing public conversation around incarceration in this crisis. i wanted that to include the system upon the world in these various countries. each represented a particular issue i wanted to explore such as solitary confinement such as prisoner reentry in singapore and the role of the arts in the prison context in uganda and jamaica, forgiveness and restore justice in south africa and rwanda.rica and >> a special prison philosophy or special prison in norway, what is tha the prison about?ou? >> norway has gotten a lot of attention for being the enormous and progress and has a reputation for being very progressive as a society in general but particularly when it comes to social welfare

how to save africa's elephants from poachers.nd in illegal ivory trade is putting these animals under serious threat ♪. laura: welcome to our viewers on public television in america and around the globe. in the u.s. presidential race, foreign policy has not been center stage. today, front-runner donald trump outlined his proposal in a speech in washington. it comes after a night where he swept the board in five primary contests. he was not backing down, saying other countries must pay their fair share for security and theedoing most of obama administration's policies. correspondent: you normally takes to the stage with music and cheering. today, donald trump emerged from a curtain. he is now reflective and thoughtful. first, something familiar. a swinging right hook at what had gone before. legacy of the obama/clinton interventions will be weakness, confusion, and disarray. a miss. -- a mess. correspondent: what was the big idea? the direction i will outline today will return us to a timeless principle. my foreign policy will alw

back now to south africa. you can see that senior members of zuma's anc party, that's the african national congress, are speaking now. in the past hour or so we heard from president zuma himself. this all relates to the fact that the constitutional court has found that he did use government money inappropriately in doing up one of his residences. now, he defended himself in the speech that he gave about an hour ago. we'll have more reaction to that here on al jazeera. thanks for watching. bye-bye. >> the only live national news show at 11:00 eastern. >> we start with breaking news. >> let's take a closer look. >> [chanting] yes we can! >> an historic election. >> you and i, we're going to change this county, and we will change the world. >> monumental decisions. >> mr. president, there's a one and three chance of a second great depression. >> first-hand accounts from the people who were there. >> their opinion was shocking. >> the challenges. >> he said, "i am president of the united states and i can't make an

south africa leading the charge. millions of people alive today because of what we did 10 years ago. to the american people, if i thought that was a way to do this different, i would choose it. i don't want soldiers to go over there unless they have to go, and i can't find a way to provide security over there without some of us being there helping in that endeavor. i cannot find a way in my own mind to deal with countering violent extremism without some kind of international plan of which we will be a part to change the economies of these regions to give people hope. the more education a child has, the better off we will do. after 37 visits to iraq and afghanistan, i can assure the american people they are not buying what these crazy people are selling. they don't want to go down that road. they don't want to turn the daughters over to isil. they being the mothers and fathers. i can promise you are safer here when we are people -- helping people over there. this concept of coming up with a marshall plan for the 21st

they under scored the domination of the anc which gives the support of south africas. although the president and the party are under unprecedented pressure. >> the united nations has criticized a deal between the e.u. and turkey on refugees. on the greek island hundreds of refugees protested after clashes broke out at their holding center. at least ten people were injured. about 300 broke through a fence and ran away to avoid being deported to turkey. we have this update on the greece-macedonia border. >> reporter: the u.n. yet again expressing concern about the e.u. turkey deal just three days before this was to be implemented. hundreds of migrants and refugee who is landed on greece's shores since the 20th of march are now being held in detention facilities. the u.n. is concerned about the conditions inside those detention facilities, which are basically prisons. the u.n. said that they're overcrowded, lack of sanitation but it's not just that. the world organization is worried that these people, their asylum requests are not being processed because of lack of time.

in south africa, we visit a city that has iron ore to thank for its size.

also coming up, calls for south africa's president to step down despite his apology for using public funds to renovate his home. demanding relief, farmers in the philippines take to the streets calling for the government to help them. a japanese electronic giant has a foreign owner for the first time. find out about the multi billion dollar takeover of sharp. world leaders have ratified a treaty to keep nuclear material safely under lock and key. during a nuclear security summit in washington dc 102 made the pledge top prevent nuclear terrorism. president obama warned world leaders of the threat posed by armed groups like i.s.i.l. trying to gain access to nuclear weapons. our state department correspondent reports. >> reporter: all smiles at the end of the nuclear security summit in washington and for good reason. an international treaty that requires countries to do more to safeguard nuclear material is about to take effect. president obama wanders his fellow leaders more must be done. >> there is no doubt that if these madmen ever got their hands on a nuclear bomb or nuclear materi

africa ruleduth today that a seven year old decision to drop corruption charges against president jacob zuma should be reviewed. the decision to drop the charges, which relate to a multibillion-dollar arms deal, paved the way for xoma to become president. freshs ruling puts pressure on an already embattled leader. >> he has faced a series of corruption charges and recently survived an impeachment vote, but the troubles are not over for jacob zuma. the south african president chargesce up to 800 after a court ruled prosecutors were wrong to dismiss a case against him in 2009. >> he decided to discontinue the .rosecution of mr. xoma considering the situation in , he has finds himself been demanded to act independently and without here and favor. >> some of the charges date back to 1999 and relate to a multibillion-dollar arms deal. when they were dropped, they cleared the way for xoma to be elected president. the ruling is a small victory for the opposition who campaigned for him to be retried. victory foronly a also forof law, but the political party in pursuit of accountability. >> the

África: ¿y cuál pongo, África, si no me la estoy pasando nada bien? ya me quiero ir a mi casa.o. ahí sigue de coqueto con gema y ni siquiera me da mi lugar como mi novio que es. palmira: debes de tener cuidado con gema. mira cómo le da entrada a roberto. ella es una tumbanovios. siempre le encantan los hombres prohibidos y te los puede bajar, amiga. palmira: esta situación ya me está hartando. por mí, que se los trague. ahora lo único que quiero es ya irme de aquí. roberto. roberto, te estoy hablando. roberto: ¿qué pasó, palmira? ¿qué quiere mi amor? ¿qué quiere mi vida hermosa? palmira: no, ningún mi vida ni mucho menos mi cielo. ya me quiero ir. así que

this basin stretches almost across the country of south africa. look on as a curse for some and a blessing for others, locked into the basin might be as much as 400 trillion feet of shale gas, the fifth largest deposit in the world. since the moratorium on natural gas exploration was lifted in 2012, companies like royal dutch shell and others are lining up about south africa's door, waiting for the green light for what the moment -- for what the government hopes will be green energy, jobs, development. >> one of the issues we have with the long-term costs of fracking is that the governments and the oil and gas industries are very keen to promote it on the basis that it brings prosperity. what is this the talking about? are they talking about short- term gains for a few global companies and the government that is to be ruling at the moment? that is what they call prosperity. that prosperity is that the cost of the prosperity of future generations, then it is not worth it. >> this group is part of a growing resistance toatural gas production that ap

. >> reporter: you might any west africa is not an obvious designation, but hundreds of registered as refugees. many are hoping to cross the sahara and then the mediterranean to reach europe using the well-known migrant trafficking routes. then there are those who have made west africa home, like this man who found work here thanks to friends and family connections. people from the middle east have settled here for generations. there has only been a small syrian community along with the lebanese. like this man, born in senegal to syrian parents, he sells curtains made in aleppo. >> translation: we're not going to let the war stop us. our suppliers have moved to turkey and we try to continue our work as best as we can. trade is a lifestyle of our people >> reporter: news from syria is a few swipes away. again, it's not good news. pictures of his home or what is now left of it. this feeling of loss is only broken by the arrival of a new customer, a chance to forget the war for just a moment, and focus on life here in senegal >>> localities more still to come here on al jazeera, includin

, but the ownership of coca-cola africa is outside of africa. i believe in the information age, that will blow up on them. we want to help them, we like coca-cola and we want to help them be a good company. mr. pendegrast: they make a big deal of the fact that in africa particularly, they have drink stands that sell a couple of things besides coca-cola and that they really do help many people to make a living. audience member: that is true, but nonetheless the big bucks are being made by the shareholders and the shareholders are not african. we have cautioned coca-cola about that, the restructured -- three structure themselves -- to restructure themselves. we are in the helpful mode, we do not want to get in a mode like litigating, like in brazil. and wetalked to lawyers ended up suing coke. mr. pendegrast: for the racial discrimination lawsuit? audience member: yes. mr. pendegrast: i recall that. i wrote about that. i do not know about brazil. let me talk to you after the event, please. audience member: ok. mr. pendegrast: thank you. found your

and in other mining towns in south africa. companies that only benefited indirectly from the mining wealth such as the construction industry are also packing up and leaving. allen: it is a microcosm of what is happening to commodity-based economies around the world. it is a bad situation where in the good times the economy grows and people are employed but during the downturn people are leaving. the jobs are being cut. a lot of disappointment. zambia and angola are in the same situation. >> we attended a trade union meeting. everyone here is worried about their job. the meeting is emotionally charged. the responses vary from anger to despair. >> we are left in the dark. we just want to know. >> please be patient. i know it is hard and i understand your emotions. we are all in the same boat. take a deep breath and we will keep you informed. >> we live in fear of spending any money. you have to think, what if i don't have a job tomorrow? living in a state of fear. >> she has little hope to offer. >> i don't know what the options

right now, they're conducting operations in africa and east africa and libya. general rodriguez developed the concept of operations for support for the libyan government. we have as a result reallocated resources. the secretary made that decision about a month ago to reallocate resources to africomm to development of what we would need. we are working closely with the french in west africa with the coalition in east africa. sen. inhofe: in sub-saharan africa? eneral dunford: we have isr in that area. sen. heinrich: secretary carter, before i get to a couple of different questions i just want to bring to your attention an important issue facing our national security at the moment in terms of the availability of domestic trust and supply of state-of-the-art microelectronics. you maybe aware there was a recent sale of ibm's boundary which had been dod's leading supplier for a decade. i think that raises some serious concerns about the future stability of dod's trusted microelectronics ource. certainly, the capable state-of-the-art industry suppliers here in the u.

also coming up, south africa's president apologizes for using funds to renovate his home. honoring the victims of a campus massacre. the university in kenya marks a somber anniversary. a japanese electronic giant has a foreign owner for the first time. we will tell you about the multi billion dollar take over of sharp >>> world leaders have ratified a treaty to keep nuclear material safely under lock and key. during a nuclear security summit in washington 102 delegates made a pledge to have protocols in place for nuclear material. >> reporter: an international treaty requires countries to do more to safeguard nuclear material is about to take effect. u.s. president obama warned miss fellow leaders more must be done. >>-- his fellow leaders >> there is no doubt that if these madmen ever got their hands on a nuclear bomb or nuclear material, they would use it to kill as many innocent people as possible. obama's warning comes weeks after the i.s.i.l. attacks in brussels and amid reports the suspects might have been spying on a nuclear scientist. some anti nuclear activists sa

et cetera an activist and a fill an though partnership who turned sights on helping africa.is project, akon light in africa is working to bring soar countries. >> every country, is like he is a music guy, you know. it was always that, but we came prepared for answers to every question. we also came prepared to execute. we didn't come into these countries with an idea. we already put together full team, if you will infrastructure. so for the from the moment we came in, we came in creating pilots. we didn't ask the country. we put up our own in the president. talking? >> it depends upon the pilot, you know, but we allow them to choose if they wouldn't want it first. to give them the scope of work, how we work and so on and so forth. after that, they were all in full belief and we continued and afterwards. >> angela kitchens talks to us about her latest al burment "e" she has seen in darfur's camp. the b 52 singer champions causes ♪ sister, you have the world on your shoulders, and as you, you play with toy soldiers. >> peter gabe reel, most know him for his music but he is the

government over how to respond to africa's decolonization.a history center cohosted this event which is about an hour and a half. >> thank you for coming out this afternoon. it is my pleasure to introduce this afternoon's speaker elizabeth schmidt who is a professor at the university of loyola maryland. a professor of history. she received her phd from the university of wisconsin madison. she has books, "from the cold