pamela: he was african-american? jean: he was african-american. , bill payne, we were interviewed. there were 60-70 fellows there. we made it. he only hired three. i was thrilled. i never believed anything like this would ever happen because i was so disillusioned. i had done everything i was supposed to do. there were no openings. lo and behold after i signed up and was on my way to new york, the american friends service committee, back in those days they did a lot of work under the table to help african americans to get positions and industries. positionneered a interview with the ford motor company. i was accepted into their program. now i had a problem. i had accepted pepsi-cola and on the way in ford motor company said you may come into our program. i decided to stick with pepsi-cola. i had made the promise and i was a person that once i promised, i fought to fulfill the promise. me. was a turning thing for from chicago we flew into new york and began a series of fantastic experiences under mr. iyd, who was a fantastic man, met walter mack, the chief executive officer of pepsi

you had african-americans who bought into the whole idea of american democracy and ran for the united states senate, adopted the dress. they weren't trying to put forward an african aesthetic, they put forward a very american aesthetic right away. and what happened? it was fully bought into by african-americans who wanted to go to school at the schools of white americans, who wanted to get the same education as white americans, who never thought a separatist ideal, it was only later when it was wholesale rejected. it was the country itself that rejected postracialism. the response to reconstruction in which african, former slaves not only did not exact revenge upon those who had enslaved them, but attempted to buy into their ideals and their social norms down to their dress, down to their style of doing our hair. look at the way we do our hair. the first black millionaire is someone who was able to -- >> [inaudible] >> exactly. help african-american women adopt the hair style of white america. so postracialism is something that african-americans tried. the response was vicious postrec

society already viewed african-american families through a particular lens. aboutereas we often think , in the wake of the 1960's, the state actually retreating out of the lives of african-american families and out of the lives of were families. what we wouldt in call the welfare state. in fact, there has actually been more investments, but it has been malevolent investment. you can talk about the fact that in the moynihan report a lot of the solutions that he thought that we should embrace were not actually published within the report. so, we in fact, made our own solutions. no solution has become more prominent. no solution has been more disastrous than this policy of mass incarceration. mass incarceration as absolution for employment issues and the african american community. a solution that we traced is a mental health issues very often in the afternoon -- african-american committee. until recently, we used it for drug issues in the african-american community. there was a piece in the new york times about two weeks ago and it was talking about how harrowi

african americans used in the film. these huge battle scenes, the night filming, and then there are some special techniques that we think of today as very ordinary such as crosscutting. people in different places are on the screen at the same time so you can see the subplots. there are many subplots. you can see different people doing different things in different parts of the country at the same time where they are telling different sides of the story at the same time. other elements are sometimes theed the iris effect or ocular effect in which the film camera holes in and out. that was very dramatic. it was very new. no one had seen that before. the still photograph he carries around, the back and forth with that was interesting. >> it heightens the sentimental quality of the film. these techniques are used even today. "titanic," a romance set against the backdrop of a much larger story. says at theh beginning of the film that it is a plea for motion picture making. powerfulto show how motion pictures can be. and this

so african americans wrestle with the concept of a homeland, concept of returning to africa. one hand there were black american who is really believed that african americans could potentially leave the united states, arrive in line earn and help, you know, civilize africa, provide christianity and also return to their fatherland as in a positive way, and so other free blacks debated that. there was debate about the possibilities of african americans returning to africa and having a positive impact, so while there was a cry for homeland a cry for a return to africa, there was also the recognition among other free black leaders that having been removed from the con innocent and have been raised in the united states that their presence wouldn't be one doing necessarily bring apart the homeland. this is art of what's thrown around in the debate around the black community during the 19th century. particularly in 1850's when immigration and leaving the united states was something that really took hold among free blacks. by 1850's the slave law is one of the most important piece of

they viewed african-american authorities -- african-american through a particular lens. we think about the state retreating out of the lives of african american families, less investment in what would be the welfare state it has been malevolent investment. you can see this in the report, a lot of the solutions he thought we should embrace were not published. so we made up our own solutions. no solution has become more prominent, no solution has been more dealing with the policy of mass incarceration. i argue the employment issues to be a factor. very often an african-american communities, we use this as a solution for job issues -- drug issues. a piece i read this week, there is an alarming rate -- ride of -- rise of heroin use and african-american communities, and i cannot -- could not get around the town of the piece. i grew up in a time where crack was popular. and the pieces during that time, -- you cannot separate solutions. james: there was -- crime rates were higher in the 1960's and 1970's, but you also argue, you made the argument that as you were alluding to th

ots.ri the film galvanizes people to the african-american population. released several times in the 1930's. the naacp becomes a truly national organization by organizing protests. butelps their organization, more significantly, it inflames white americans, who feel themselves to be potentially under attack by changes in american society. did african-american film makers respond with this powerful tool? >> absolutely. the most famous responses by oscar michelle. calledeleased in 1920, "within our gaze." it is specifically a counter to it. brian: any telling the plot? romance.a a young african-american woman for a school in piney woods, mississippi. in the court, she has a series of misadventures -- in the course, she has a series of mr. isadventures. [laughter] brian: how long is this? long. hours what they counter is that when the young man falls in love with her and tries to find out about her past, she explains the terrible history in which she was adopted by a black family in the south. the family realizes they are being cheated out of harvest money b

, youll the african-americans are not african-american. ou are the true biblical israelites. fath as your argentina argentina -- grandfather. esau was the white grandfather, edomits. it is what it is. you've got to come back. thelord commandment he gave israelites. that's why we're in captivity. punished.y we're being you've got to come back to his laws, okay, and he'll save you captivity.s e the one save us from this capti captivity. read deuteronomy 68-28. disobey tell you, if we the law, he will send us to the okay, pt, with ships, that goes for efrain, which is levites, o ricans, which is the hattians. we're all a big nation and we're all in captivity. it is what it is. host: lawrence is up next, in st. paul, minnesota. lawrence. caller: good morning. opportunity. the my take on it is, one, there are a million billion acts of kindness that go on across this country, across this world, betweenankly, every day people of different religions, ethnicities, cultures, call it what you want. problem is of the we tend not to recognize the fact

african-american women ran the day-to-day operation of the boycott. they helped stop the elaborate carpool system that kept the boycott running. they raised most of the local money for the movement. they filled the majority of pews at the mass meetings where they testified publicly about physical and sexual abuse on the buses. by walking hundreds of miles to protest humiliation, african-american women reclaimed their bodies and demanded to be treated with dignity and respect. and so while the montgomery bus boycott is often portrayed as a spontaneous and often male-led movement, it's important to know that the montgomery bus boycott has a past. it is rooted in the struggle to protect and defend black womanhood from racial and sexual violence. and i think it's impossible for us to understand and situate the boycott in its proper historical context without understanding the stories of recy taylor and gertrude perkins, and the others who were mistreated. in fact, without this history, it's impossible for us to understand why so many black women walked fo

next, we will speak with jeanette greenwood about that of african-americans to worcester during the civil war. there are quite a few of friedman aid societies organized. it is this time that is very forward-looking, very progressive and a lot of ways. >> on american history tv, we will visit mechanics hall. the building is listed in the national registry of historic laces. it originally served as a learning center for its members, but also a platform for social and cultural activities, including women's rights rallies. >> the first convention happened before the holiday open -- hall opened. mechanics hall is where everything happens. , finally, we will go to the clark university special collections. about a scientist's discoveries and artifacts. >> he attributes his first interest in space travel and a ineer in science to a day 1899 -- he went outside with the saw and a hatchet and was meant to trim the dead branches off the cherry tree. tree, he made , and while heer was in the tree, he looks down on the ground and thought, how wonderful would it be to build some kind of device that woul

she's one of the first african-american journalists and she has been intent on remaining that form. they are too often marginalized and over the years she literally has become herself a news outlet and resource for millions of americans who might otherwise be left in the dark about how events in the news are affecting and shaping their own lives, their families and community. she should really be given a public service award. [applause]. it should be recognized at a far higher level than it is. thank you so much for being the driving for something to all of you for coming here. we are delighted to have you. >> i tell you what, i'm floored. any author who tries to get to this great place called politics and prose. this is the owner. please support her and thank her because she didn't have to have her books in our books in her stores. we want to thank her for hosting us in providing the books and hosting all of you tonight. thank you for coming out. we want to let you know there is food and libation. if you want to, if you need a little drink or little food while were talking, we encou

trump would try to court the african-american vote, african-americans want their votes to be earned. talks about inevitability on either side is wrong. the african-american vote deserves to be courted, just like anybody else's, and we can't count folk t out, when the senator talks about mass incarceration, he talks about being the next president of the united states of america, he will work hard to eradicate institutionalism racism. he wants to raise the minimum wage and revitalize the middle class. and erica, some places in this country, african-americans, there is no middle class. so senator sanders speaks to the heart and soul of what is necessary in this country. and i certainly believe that mr. trump is the eventual nominee for the republicans, that senator sanders is the one to trump the trump. >> how do you see this vote, then, splitting along party lines? because to your point, all of these votes need to be earned. >> yeah, absolutely, they do. and we cannot take the african-american community for granted or assume that the african-american vote will perform a certain way. yo

. >> in the african-american community, for instance, today lows that sloans made to african-american to purchase a chose, almost 50% of an fha secured loan. >> and finally in our "spice of life," cookery providing scholarships that can kurn students turn students into chefs. >> education and career opportunities in the culinary arts to at-risk students throughout the nation. "our world," up next.what makes this simple salad the best simple salad ever? heart healthy california walnuts. the best simple veggie dish ever? heart healthy california walnuts. the best simple dinner ever? heart healthy california walnuts. great tasting, heart healthy california walnuts. so simple. get the recipes at walnuts.org. meet the moore's! we're the moore family, and we're always looking for ways to enjoy more. so we called time warner cable and got even more than we expected. call now to get more. more tv shows and movies on demand. more places to make more unlimited calls. call now. for $89.99 a month, you'll get 100 meg ultra fast internet, hundreds of hd channels, and unlimited calling to internati

there were african american soldiers. it's not that they are making up things, it is the meanings that they are impugning to that. >> ok, so then what does the film and those historical accounts, what did they leave out? i can name one thing on the film. peter talked about families, and the nation as family, and we will talk about the actual plot in a couple of minutes, but there are two key families. white families, no african-american families. i would love to hear -- i will put you on the spot. what reconstruction was actually like, as best we know, for the african-american community. >> here's a way to think about it. you and your family have been held in slavery, the odds are watched loved ones pulled away from you. the war comes in, you are now free with nothing but the shirt on your back and you are supposed to make a new life for yourself. the freedmen's bureau, does it help? but basically you are on your own. there are white schoolteachers who come down to hell. but basically the community has to build a new life

in effect, african-americans become segregated for a second time in the telling of their history. easily marginalized from the main american story, relegated to the footnotes. hamilton trampled all over such black-and-white distinctions. anyone telling his story today must be similarly disdainful of racial chivalrous. in the end it is hamilton who stands alone in the limelight. his was a dramatic life. cinematic and its vividness. it included incidents of daring doom, trial trial that was a talk of the town and more than the occasional angry confrontation of business ethics or his lack of them. in all of this, he never took one backward step. he was not a forgiving man. if you crossed them, he would return the favor and always kept his interest. the prince of darkness behaved in such a fashion. he often rubbed people the wrong way though he never seem to care too much. he could also be charming. a wise person did not cross him very far at all. he learned that the books should be balanced in accounts, for the most part settled in the lot treated as something to be taken advantage of

in 1953 african-americans filed 30 complaints of abuse and mistreatment.ost complaints came from black women, working-class women it who were domestics who made up the bulk of the ridership. drivers hurled nasty insults at black women, touch them inappropriately and often physically abused them. one woman remembering them sexy harassing her as she waited on the corner. the bus was up high, she said and the street was down low. they would drive up and expose themselves while i was standing there. it scared me to death. treatedremembered they them rough as can be, but we're some kind of animal. they denied a sense of dignity and demonstrated they were not worthy of respect or protection. this belief was part of a long-standing pattern that allowed white men to use and abuse black women for the better part of the 20th century. when we consider this within a spectrum of racial and sexual violence with rape and lynching on one end and daily indignities on the other, attacks on black women integrity underscores their physical and sexual vulnerability in a racial

police bias and excess i use of force are real and part of the african-american community. we must restore the american people's trust in our criminal justice system. finally, we have worked to expand the economic opportunities for african-americans. the c.b.c. in coordination with the joint economic committee and democrats have held two public forums in baltimore an harlem, titled -- entitled the american dream on hold: economic challenges in the african-american community, where we discussed with those communities the impact of economic challenges and persistent inequities facing african-american communities across the country. mr. speaker, there's so many more things that i could say about the work of the congressional black caucus. we are busy. we are engaged every day, not only representing african-americans, but representing every american who is affected by some of the policies that have been enacted by this congress. thank you for time this evening. yield back. >> thank you, mr. butterfield. that's just some of the things you have been able to accomplish. ms. kelly:

was the first female african-american judge in , the firstlifornia female african-american superior court judge in santa clara county, california. please welcome george -- judge cordell. [applause] host: it's like you don't need it. [applause] judge cordell: thank you. thank you so much. good evening, and welcome to today's special program of the commonwealth club of california. tonight's program is cohosted by the nation magazine. i am ladoris cordell, former judge of the superior court of california, former police auditor of the city of san jose, and your monitor -- moderator for this program. 150th birthday of "the nation" magazine. to commemorate this historic anniversary, we are proud to present a conversation about our , antry's inequality crisis pressing issue impacting millions of americans, and a core nation issue on which the magazine has long been sounding the alarm. topwealth controlled by the ofof the top 1% -- top tenth the top 1% has more than doubled thehe past 30 years in united states, approaching unprecedented levels. san francisco most certainly symbolizes the inequali

amy: protests continue in chicago after police shot dead to the african-americans a , 55-year-old african-american mother of five and a close student. could these latest killings force mayor rahm emanuel to resign? we will go to chicago for an update and also speak to a statistician with the mapping police violence project which has documented how police have killed at least 1152 people in the united states so far this year. and we remember the oscar-winning cinematographer haskell wexler. >> what advice would you have for the next generation coming up? or to sayilent something is debilitating, and i hope they don't fall victim to that. has died at wexler the age of 93. we will speak to pamela yates director of "rebel citizen," a new documentary about the life and work of haskell wexler. all that and more, coming up. welcome to democracy now!, democracynow.org, the war and peace report. i'm amy goodman. a police shooting in chicago has killed two unarmed african-americans, sparking new calls for change at a police department already under heavy scrutiny. early saturday morning, the father of a 19-

it was given on the street corners by the two african-american women. its stock for the women organizers in the 1960s who have never read anything about the slave markets of the 30s but it certainly heard those stories and the stories came part of their organizing toolbox. >> how does it happened happen this is one of the things that really puzzles me still even after reading your book i've written a lot about organizing working women. and where i come from, the capacity to organize often adheres in the scale of the work and the community the worker creates that we always imagined domestic work as an isolated kind of job so how do you organize domestic workers and how they overcame what looks like the relative isolation. >> most labor leaders during the century had been domestic work on organized and the women who i write about use public spaces like organizing and it's true of the domestic worker organizing today so the public parks and buses become a part of the organizing and the laundry rooms in the apartment buildings. there was one woman in atlant

the bill began as a combination of the struggles of decades of african-americans, when it was passed it encompassed all americans. it encompassed everyone regardless of race color sex or national origin, it's really about the ongoing struggle in the country to achieve a more perfect union. >> we can understand how this all happened. but it cannot continue. our constitution, the foundation of our republic the principles of our freedom forbid it. mortality for bids it. the law i will sign tonight for bids it. >> i'm here to introduce you to the personalities of the civil rights act. one of the people i want to point out is howard smith. of therepresentative chair of the house ways committee. before a bill can be debated by the house, the house rules committee has to set a resolution governing the terms of the debate. the reason for that is because the house is so big, they can't just have a free-form debate. representative smith was a segregationist. that is, he was not in favor of the 64 civil rights act. when a typically did civil rights bill came into his committee was retired to his

if you look at african-american youth where it's 51 and 55% and 57% unemployed, you have african-american people of different ages where it's double and triple other numbers. so we're looking at a lot of different things, but this meeting was amazing. amazing people. we must have had close to a hundred people in the room. and i just want to thank you. i want to thank both of you and, in particular, i'll tell you what, it's been -- there's a whole group of people standing behind me. we can't see them because we actually didn't think we were going to be having a press conference. but we all thought it was such a good meeting we would do that and we had many b, many endorsements that came out of the meeting. >> so it began with controversy, but overall, would you say this is success for donald trump? >> it was interesting because it was sort of an unforced error that caused all this controversy. they said they were going to get a hundred endorsers. then pastors came out and said we can't attend. just seeing this event here today, just getting that support from the pasters who were there, i t

she is a partner in an international law firm, and is currently the first african-american resident of the american bar association. [applause] evett: born in baltimore, maryland in tumultuous times, as this country transitions from legal segregation to legal integration, she would be the first to say that for the work of legal pioneers like freddie gray and foot shoulders -- soldiers like rosa parks, she would not have the opportunity to lead more than 420,000 lawyers across the world. , i presentgentlemen to you, attorney paulette brown. [applause] evett: -- ms. brown: good afternoon. --nk you, my friend yvette evett. for that kind introduction. gray, -- you, freddie fred grey, for inviting me today. it is both a personal and professional pleasure to be among so many luminaries, and to be with all of you. this is such a momentous occasion. as was mentioned yesterday, we rs, have the opportunity to stand with fred at his marker. write out here on dexter avenue. i never thought i could. from segregated baltimore, the daughter of a truck driver. i never thought that i would be traveling

there are african-american republicans. there are african-american democrats. there are african-americans who are independent. he will have a following. there will be people who support him. i believe the majority of african-americans will not. for me personally, again, it is the language. it is the divisiveness. i am part of a tradition that believes in dealing and standing with and for those who are oppressed. you to denigrate immigrants and make fun of women and then you make fun of someone who's disabled, he's showing who he is right now. >> it's interesting the way this played out which this poster got leaked and all these folks. it seemed to me an interesting moment in terms of just when you talk about not being monolithic. there was some backlash before this meeting ever happened. >> yes. >> and you could sort of see it as it unfolded. maybe we're going tone doris, maybe not. and then this sort of crescendo backlash people started walking back. do you think the dynamics are different now around a meeting like this than they would have been ten years ago?

an african american police officer on trial in a majority of african american city, in front of an africanmerican judge, and a predominantly african american jury. del. >> john thank you very much. >>> to chicago now, the illinois attorney general says he wants a federal review of the chicago police department. the superintendent forced out just yesterday. there have been days of protests over the shooting death of a black teen by a white police officer who is now charged with murder. >>> and police in chicago are being asked to release the dash cam video from yet another fatal shooting. the family members say they saw the footage, and it shows the officer shooting him in the back after a foot chase. both the family and the attorneys say the video will refute claims by police that the 25-year-old johnson had a gun. >> number 1 there is nothing in his hand on the video. and number 2 that gun was not in his hand unless the police glued it to his hand. >> it is very important for me to clear my son's name because he didn't have a gun in his hand. because i also seen the video. >> reporter: th

i'm asking more about how african-americans view the bible? when you talk about they were interested in like the salvation of the empire, does that mean that they were an exception to your broader point of america -- point of the spiritual life, but not to public life implication? like did african-americans join in the -- any of these anti-slave ry debates or even empire debates when each side was trying to win african americans to their side? and the final thing is, to the extent that it's -- i mean, sometimes published sources could potentially be misleading compared to what people as a whole thought. so anyway -- >> the last points, i'm glad you mentioned this. because this is the public use of the bible. this book was supposed to be like a 75-page introduction to the 19th century where things get really interesting. it just grew and grew and it's 300 pages now. still only the public use or virtually only whereas the african-american story is always more -- all of the different strands are always more than just public stories but you do beg

at an african-american protester.a new report finds the flagship news programs at major networks nbc, cbs and abc have dedicated , 234 minutes this year to stories about donald trump -- compared to just 10 minutes for democratic presidential candidate vermont senator bernie sanders. the gap comes despite the fact trump and sanders have often shown similar levels of support in polls of primary voters. the tyndall report found abc's "world news tonight," for example, has devoted 81 minutes to trump campaign stories and less than one minute to sanders, for the entire year. democratic presidential candidate hillary clinton has outlined her policy on immigration. speaking in brooklyn, new york, on clinton promised to waive monday, fees associated with naturalization, close privately run detention centers and help , create a path to full citizenship for the millions of undocumented people living in the united states. >> we are and they carted country and we should never forget that, and we should not stageybody on the publi

hi, can you talk actually more about how african americans read the bible? they were interested in it as salvation from empire. of you saying this is part spiritual life, but not public life? entities inlavery even empires, or debates, when each side was trying to win african americans. sometimesent that public sources could potentially be misleading compared to what people as a whole thought, is there any way to get at that? >> i'm glad you mentioned that. this is very deliberately part of the way the public uses the history of the bible. this book was supposed to be a 75 page introduction to the 19th century. it just grew and grew and grew. it is 300 pages. story, all-american of the different strands are more than public stories. century, youth have print from african-americans that is exceptional for being mostly nonpolitical. actually, most of it is not arguing about slavery. ano has a few paragraphs. the first african-american full-scale attack on slavery came relatively late in the 1780's, 1790's. there's a publication by daniel coker in the early 19t

jurors or an african-american defendant and african-american jurors, it actually increases the possibility of a hung jury because you can have all of the factors that jurors have in their own experiences going in weighing on whether they trust the police or doesn't trust the police. if you look at the questions these jurors were asking to have read back to them, they were asking things that indicated the argument between whatever two camps, it could have been 1 versus 11, 2 versus 10, was whether or not officer porter did something deliberately or out of malice. they seemed to be focusing on whether there was malicious intent. that goes to whether you trust the police had positive motives. >> obviously race is a factor here but it's a factor at every level, from the city leadership to baltimore, to the defendant, and a jury that has many african-americans on it. i guess i wonder when you sort of read that scene and that racial breakdown, is there something to glean from that? >> it's really so complicated. first of all, william porter is from the same part of town that freddie gray is from

it's more matter of fact to consider an african american candidate there. you have many hispanic candidates who are considering running for the presidency this time, are running for the presidency. >> exactly. >> it's not an issue. they are americans. that's all they are. >> they are, but even those hispanic candidates and latino candidates might be very surprised if, in an interview like this, they talk about how being latino informed their politics now. just as obama cannot talk about -- >> right. >> his life lessons have been about what it's like to be a black person. >> i'm looking forward to, at a minimum, when president obama is out of office so that he is liberated from the problem that you described and can -- as i expect he will do this. he'll be able to reflect very candidly, much more candidly than he's able to now. >> i hope so. >> on the experience of having been the first african american president because well, you know, it's a wonderfully interesting complex of it. before we leave the topic of civil rights, i'm interested to hear you enumera

and also what you also have is this amazing sense of creating the african-american. you've got all these different africans coming together, forming an african-american culture, beginning to learn a language, wrestling with christianity, so that you have this amazing moment of transformation and in some ways as americans we know slavery as a 19th century phenomenon. but so much of slavery, the patd -- patterns, the origins, the large numbers of people, are really an 18th century phenomenon and that's why the ship is important because it helps us refocus our attention on the earlier period that laid the foundation on which so much of the rest of the slave environment was built upon. >> and what is more, i think that you are also looking at this period following the american revolution where all these principles of liberty are being established and being struck for. not just by propertied white men, they're being articulated and forwarded by free blarkss by women, and by enslaved peoples. a revolution begins in haiti, soon after, three years before this voyage in 1791,

this was a moment when african american culture, modern african american culture really took people'sginations so archibald moptly's art works really fit into that aesthetic milieu. >> rose: how was he influenced by chicago? he was born in new orleans and then moved to chicago. >> well, chicago was one of the w york, had this incredibleese infusion of folks from the mississippi delta. it also had infusions of folks from eastern europe and southern europe and so there was this huge, huge migration of peoples from all over the world, and it was a place where you had meat packing and industrial activity and business was full steam, and african americans were quite entrepreneurial during that time period as well. so this was a kind of a hot bed of modernist ideas and innovation and art as well. >> rose: tell me about the harlem renaissance and his place in it. >> when people think of the harlem renaissance they automatically zoom in on 25th and lexington and that neighborhood. but in fact the harlem renaissance was a mood, a spirit, that infected people all over, not just in new york but

until the era of great awaken african-americans were slow to accept it. first a trickle then a steadies christianity.d one factor shouts from the formerleft by slaves and slaves was the salience of largely separate. population iism led ic evangelical it a deeper influence for mid century. christendom from it brought a much different silenced, t had been ignored or actively enslaved. a number of recent historians have published outstanding works explaining why the era of the reat awaken iing represented a religious watershed for african-americans. whoier angley can ministers worked amongst south america slaves in the first years of the 18th century found his labors planterstly blocked by who feared converted slaves with freedom and their battling against planters who were nervous about his activity slaves himself came and nders about the goals methods he was pursuing and his wonderment came about because of best slave student who began to read and then quoting to his master from joel, 2.apter there would be a dismal time and the moon would be turned into w

on the african-american community community, he ties that together. and those elements are trying to pull those together. one of the great gaffes that i deal with past to deal with to bring the olympics to detroit that decision was made 1963. pursed metaphytes about losses angeles to undercut a detroit at every moment. the rest belt vs. the sunbelt's the glitter of hollywood or detroit they overcame losses angeles and a lot of the leaders were instrumental in the international olympic committee for decades dealing with the u.s. nominee. this was their time. but largely because of geopolitics on the global scale and the rise of third world countries in day lead to mexico city. think of what might have happened 1968. with the fact to become the center of the universe for those weeks make it there would have been bigger sensitivities we could have changed the dynamics of those disturbances. kudos. it is an interesting thing and interesting concept and if the jury got into the olympics think about that with black power when they raised their fists in the

young african american have quite a peak. there was quite a peak that is coming down but that gap persists regardless. yes, there is some improvement, it is not rapid enough. >> [inaudible] african american women there is a big disparity there. terseiary syphilis and gonorrhea and in infants [inaudible] are we seeing a lot of sequelae or do those come down? >> we are not seeing a lot of sequela in san francisco. syphilis is not primarily in women, it is ovwellmingly in men. we have not had a congenttle syphilis case since 2009 to 2014, so the sequela are not as apparent. i think doctor bennett was saying the disparities are so striking and even though they are coming down it is unacceptable disparity and the fact it is associated with public infamitary disease and [inaudible] women ithis age range so we want to make sure we follow those and pay the most attention with the groups with the highest disparity and here that is african american young women as in the other parts the country. >> i also think sequela [inaudible] that

i caught us history with a specialization in racial relations in african-american history. the particular circumstances of my arrival went along with the departure of my successor and the search committee looking to reboot generationally. >> you have been here five years. what significant things would you like to see happen or have happened? >> so this is the start of my fifth year. i would say that we have worked very hard to make the schomburg center for research in black culture center as relevant today as it was in the '60s and '70s. young culture producers and artist and activist i have already named. we focused a lot on our programs and bringing in different talents that really speak to those younger audiences. by that i mean in a setting we are talking about people from 25-45 years old. as a result of some clever social media marketing, bringing new talent, we have seen as i mention, the numbers triple to over 300,000 which is a big deal. there is a saturday program that is focused on college prep and we view the collection to work with middle and high school student

she said you're an african-american woman and that will open doors for you.hen i heard a friend like that something crumble inside of me. maybe it wasn't part the flip side of that same piece of myself that wasn't comfortable about racial differences and experiences impossibilities. i also lived with that voice in my head for years and getting into college and wondering to what extent was that a factor of my demographics. was it about my own abilities? i think a lot of people wrestle with this. it's a complicated issue and i think there are a lot of disparities in terms of the way blacks and whites or people from different ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds and the opportunities they come into contact with. i think it's a valid thing to seek diversity and implications. like harvard, where he went, the feeling of shame that might sometimes trigger is something i feel that we need to talk about. i think it's the result of a lopsided or short-sighted conversation about race and affirmative action and how it was a allowed when i was coming-of-age. >> host: some

beth, take the data... ...for what it is worth as iowa has a relatively low percentage of african american students - only about 5 and a half percent statewide. the report, from the u.s. chamber of commerce foundation, took a sharp focus on 4th grade and 8th grade scores of african american students and compared them with all students. students of color in iowa largely finished in the middle, compared with neighboring states, but one finding - measuring math skills in 8th grade african american students - revealed only 8% were proficient in math. the national average wasn't much higher though... 12% . for college readiness, the foundation found that 10% of african american students scored as "college ready" on the act, all students in iowa. yet as low as this may be, the 10 percent was substantially higher than missouri, illinois, nebraska and wisconsin and the same level as minnesota. we often talk about graduation rates in iowa and achievement gaps and those do hold in iowa. 90% for all students and 74% for african american students, according to the report. what's also worth noting is h