it was a serious offense jenny african-american child. so on your 300 acres, third generation know all of a sudden the state says no. and that is a lot of money. but this is something that is complicated with a lot that has been written about very pro- schools and education and started a public school system pretty early. but almost immediately african-americans were banned for attending with the segregated study not only taxation without representation but without education which is really hard. to build her schools doing everything that we could as incredibly important one reason why they moved out of the south. >> did your research take you? >> oh yes. so this is where elisha was murdered in 1836. he had just come from st. louis with the abolitionist. but it is in madison county is a long history of african-american farmers. starting in the 1800 so to be extremely successful. but the second illinois convention was held. in the 1820s to give them back the right to vote and then to do something really interesting to be in the state senat

successful multilingual african-american descended trader in that region. but then after the revolutionary war, after this was given to the american people by the british government -- well, they didn't want to but had to -- then you're talking but indigenous people. so this ache complicated story. the frontier is not a -- there are people there, so this is also the heartbreaking story of genocide, clearance, violence, and for this wave of africa pioneers, they are part of that pioneering proexpect and that sometimes means they were fighting the war of 1812 which along the waubash river meant fighting native americans, right? and so their relationship to the land and their project was at loggerheads with the projects of mow indigenous people. that doesn't men there weren't some astounding things that happened between african-americans and indigenous miami -- people but on the hold the relationship was pretty hostile. so, what they were doing was they were buying federal land from the federal government. they -- other than the indigenous people they weren't

it is actually the oldest african-american resort community founded by african americans.t was founded as a place where african-americans could buy a plot of land for $25, build a cabin, and that is where they would come in the summer and spend their vacations. i went up there the first time when i was just six months old, so it goes way back in history. everyone from duke ellington, zora neale hurston, langston hughes, count basie all come there and stay there because they could not stay in hotels in denver during that period of history. so over time, after desegregation, a lot of the african-american institutions fell into disrepair and were sold off into different parts. and now we have developed a wonderful program that serves our community in so many different ways. 6000 inner-city kids every summer come to the ranch. we also give to about 200-300 wounded veterans every year. in the winter, though, when the ranch is pretty much shut down, one of the things that we identified -- my wife identified this -- that there are programs, one is called together we rise that we

but it is concerning to me, as well, that when we see african american, african american, african american in terms of the data, in terms sts disproportional -- of the disproportionality, it's based on positive behavioral support, it's behavioral management, and it's not actually focused on i say ra, class and culture which is -- it's not race, class and culture. this year, they had -- all year, they read books by white female authors until i brought it up to the principal, and then, there was some changes made, but this was curriculum that's been in place for a long time. and last fall, their friend -- well, in their math class, a boy said black kids are dumb in the math class when there was a subthere. this is in a class that my daughter loves. the teacher has great classroom management. kids are coming in with stuff in middle school, and there's no consistent proactive way that the schools are making black students feel welcome, and i just wanted to add, as well, about the underreporting, i'm hearing from a lot of black parents that when their children with victimized, they are -- are v

entire states were banning entry to african-american immigrants. so they are the first group of people in american history to have entire states create anti- immigration laws against them. and then came indiana. every single one of them deserves a book. this is hard to write because i felt like a lot of the time i was skimming. i actually wrestled a bit with my editor because i wanted to have lots and families and he said that's can be confusing and he's probably right. we whittled it down to about five families. they homesteaded and armed the frontier before indiana state have. they became extremely successful underground railroad but they have to start somewhere. first they have to clear their land. >> entitled each chapter from the declaration of independence in the bill of rights. so chapter one as life, liberty indiana. spring 1818. they strapped their backs before their first day of prowling together. once he got to the starting place. they would have adjusted the lines who held the teams have upfront. they have their axes ready. charles have

it is actually the oldest african-american resort community founded by african americans.t was founded as a place where african-americans could buy a plot of land for $25, build a cabin, and that is where they would come in the summer and spend their vacations. i went up there the first time when i was just six months old, so it goes way back in history. everyone from duke ellington, zora neale hurston, langston hughes, count basie all come there and stay there because they could not stay in hotels in denver during that period of history. so over time, after desegregation, a lot of the african-american institutions fell into disrepair and were sold off into different parts. and now we have developed a wonderful program that serves our community in so many different ways. 6000 inner-city kids every summer come to the ranch. we also give to about 200-300 wounded veterans every year. in the winter, though, when the ranch is pretty much shut down, one of the things that we identified -- my wife identified this -- that there are programs, one is called together we rise that we

>> against african-american employees, african-american women, for example, were typically hired in menial labor. these are women who had high school diplomas, college degrees , who had vocational training, and compared to their white counterparts they are being hired in what we call dirty jobs. they are discriminated against and not allowed to hold jobs in sales, clerical work, or as supervisors. >> you are from baltimore and one of your favorite sons, the late supreme court justice thurgood marshall, what role did he play? >> he provided the legal precedent for civil rights and making legal games. his efforts allowed for the implementation of the 1964 civil rights act that creates the equal employment opportunities commission, but also in the civil rights act, there is title vii which outlaws employment discrimination based on gender, race, country of origin, and religion. this subjecteach at umass amherst and talk to african-american students, male and female, do they understand what was happening in the 1950's? >> i think they have some inkling of what is going on, but when i get is an

you know, how are your african-american males doing? how are your african-american females doing? how are your hispanic females doing? how are your -- i know people don't like to be broken up like that but you have to get that data which is what the federal government is not doing a better job of, of requiring that type of data. because before all kinds of forgets just got lost in the averages. the average is 60%, that sounds okay maybe 70%. the problem is is when you do the averages if you look deeply, the african-american kid, their proficiency rate in some of the poor neighborhoods was 20%. the average might be 60. they were 20. so that's what is a typical conversation. when you can present to a community that this is part of the american dream, talk about the way david does, that we had schools that were made for the industrial age. we need to be nimble and agile and focused, and really helping boys learn different than girls sometimes. we need to be teaching, i've got a school in new orleans, i'm so proud the kids are speaking chinese. it's amazing. i think it speaking fluent

not just african-americans. in the school district, that was predominantly african-american, it was 19%. so it was even worse. but here's another dynamic that feeds into all of this. in the namesake school district in kansas city, kansas city public schools which has gone through a torturous situation with the desegregation case they poured a lot of money in. ill spent on buildings. what we've done is turned out several generations of poorly or undereducated people who now have children. that poor education that they got taught them that education in their minds wasn't having any major impact on their lives. they have unfortunately passed on that same attitude to their children. so we can continue to repeat the cycle. the real challenge for us in my opinion. and a major challenge for the democratic party if we would choose to take it is that politics right now the all about winning. about campaign promises, checking the box so we can run again and say i did what i said i was going to do. what -- and that may be

army for example, had set the quota of 56 african-american female nurses. 56. that's the the only number of african-american female nrses they originally wanted in the army nurse core. that is compared to the nearly estimate -- estimated 8,000 african-american female nrses who were -- prepared and have the appropriate degrees for serving as a nurse in the u.s. army. flip side is you have nearly 2,000 male nrs trained and had degrees ready for service who also continue to try to push the military to change particularly the army to change the way in which it accepted nurses. this, of course, was met with an outright negative as it came to male nurses. regardless about concerns -- regarding nursing shortages -- they persisted throughout the war as a result bit time question with get to -- late 1944, in 1945, grumbles started to become quite public about what to do concerning nursing shortages. it gets so bad by the time we get to early december and early january that -- on january 6th, 1945, it is part of his public announcement to congress president roosevelt ann

the district is 6.4% african-american. if my memory serves when a research the district years and years ago, the district was almost 30% african-american. 6.4% and that's about 3,600 african-american students. and if the math is right kak less than -- i just want -- it just bewilders me and others dot with that few amount of students, that we have these amount of numbers. and even though we have bemoaned the fact we don't have enough resources in this district kak we do have resources. we do have resources and we are not focusing the resources enough on the students that we are talking about to make sure we do not come up with these numbers year after year. and the fact that the commissioners brought up that we have reverted back to forum since before the initial resolution was passed kak i just feel that it is not necessarily about firing people. it is about a concerted effort that has never taken hold. prioritizing these schools, it is tier one schools. we can call them tier one. we need to focus the energy consistently.

is nominees are 90% white. 2.3% african-american. now one way to look at this is to look at another republican president. so i said to my staff, find what president bush, find who president -- the makeup, the racial makeup of president bush's nominees. remember, african-americans don't expect a republican president to have anything like the number of nominees of, for example, president barack obama. not because he was african-american but because he was, after all a democrat. that's not the standard to which i'm holding this president. the standard i'm holding this president to is by comparison to republican presidents. the lies share of president bush's appointees were also white. i had no complaints then. i don't recall the congressional black caucus taking to the floor and saying, how come the lion's share of president bush's nominees are white? more than 85%. that reflected his party. and his supporters. 8.5% of president bush's ominees were african-american. bush's to 2.3% of nominee. that means president bush i'm looking at the

african-american workers are jobs, anything behind the scenes. they are not permitted to work in sales or managerial positions. for black consumers, they are allowed to purchase, but they cannot try on, use the restroom, eat at the lunch counter, eat at a restaurant or use the ute parlor. it is the contradiction of democracy that shows up in department stores that allow them to challenge workplace discrimination. steve: shopping is so different with amazon. what was it like in the 1950's? explained the importance of sears roebuck and company. traci: the 1950's were right after world war ii. when this postwar economic boom -- there is a hind amount of consumption. americans are buying homes, furnishings, cars at unprecedented levels. the department stores are still in their age -- they are in a golden age. these are lavish palaces of consumption. they are places to be and to be seen. for sears, they are at a moment where they are expanding. sears in the 1950's and on, historically throughout, the are the number one retailer of women in the country

so in the spring of 2000 the third african-american female chief of the army nurse corps. was informed it that the first male nurse had been nominated as her replacement. in response -- general beth sip monos wrote diversity of our neighbors had us smarter as an organization and stronger as a corps. her comments to active duty and retired nurses celebrated this promotion at the sign of strength and progressiveness of the army nurse corps.. nearly 100 years after the founding, the army nrs corps. could claim a race and jengd orer diversity between its membership and its leadership that will remain elusive in et bot civilian ors inning populations and among the other branches of the military. comments disclose the close relationship are between the the army nurse corps. and movement for social justice in the 20th century. so with the xin to integrate u.s. army nurse corps. were part of a larger civil rights struggle. between the 20th century through presidency of franklin roosevelt truman and a kennedy african-american female nurses -- and white male nurses labored simultane

inumber of african-americans texas is limited. there was slavery in mexico, but there were also people who had gained their freedom, so there were some slaves but also some free blacks during the spanish period in texas. the colonies were not very large. they may be a couple of thousand settlers and, among them, people who are primarily free blacks, some of them of mixed ancestry. maybe 20% of that couple of thousand. it's a relatively small group. it is, again, the beginning point of any kind of african-american presence in texas. that continues up until the early 1800s when mexico then revolts for its independence from spain. mexico, along with most of the latin american countries that revolted against spain, during that period of revolution, begin to take the first steps toward emancipating their slaves, innging an end to slavery what were now becoming independent countries. anglo slaveholders moving and don't want that to happen, because it would affect them. so this becomes one, maybe not the only, but an important part of th

the number of african-americans in texas is limited.ery in mexico but there were also people who gained their freedom and so there are both some slaves but also some free blacks during the spanish period in texas -- the cool anies are not very large and there may be a couple of thousand settlers and among them people who are primarily free. free black -- some of them have mixed ancestry. may be up 20% of that 20,000 so relatively smaller group but it is beginning point of any african-american president in texas. and that continues up until the the early 1800s when mexico then revolts for its independence from spain. mexico along with most of the latin american countries that revolted against spain during that feared of revolution begin to take the first steps toward emancipating their slaves. bringing an end to slavery and -- in what are now becoming independent countries. well, the new angelo slave holders are moving in. don't want that to happen, of course. because it would affect them. and so this becomes one -- maybe not the only. b

african-american intellectual and cultural history. he has been a consultant to many documentary films and that in the 1990 pbs series africans in america and the reconstruction era. to my left and that is the charles ward professor of american legal history at harvard law school. a professor of history arts and sciences at harvard. formally a four-time professor at the radcliffe institute for advanced study. in 2009, she won the pulitzer prize in history. for the monticello and american family. a reading scholar of jefferson, she has also written thomas jefferson and sally hemmings a american controversy. and with peter, our third speaker, she wrote the most blessed of patriarchs, thomas jefferson and the empire of the imagination. she is also the author of a book on andrew johnson. otters fellowship of scholars and writers of you nor new york public library. guggenheim hello cheryl, macarthur fellowship and national humanities medal. national book award and the women of our and influence award from national organization of women. and

jefferson has always been a feature, an important feature in african-american life. i can remember, as a young veryr, coming to new york, often, many of the events that i went to, most of them, there would be some reference at some point, not to jefferson, but certainly to the declaration, this notion that all men are rated equal, as part of a promise that america had made that had to be fulfilled. it was the basis of a claim that we had on the country. of course, martin luther king very famously said that. dream speech, when he talks about coming to washington, that they were there to collect on this promise, even though this was something the jefferson probably could not have envisioned. i don't want to say what jefferson could have envisioned. i mean, he was a visionary. maybe he could see like -- i do like that coming, but somewhere else. but as peter said, this notion of generations of people making a change, he would've understood that. i do believe he would have understand that the march of history had brought them to a particular place where the -- where peop

designing structures for african american student voice. so these are some of what we want to put in place at the sites around transforming mindsets at our schools. and then, for central office, providing training and ongoing support for the culture climate teams at the sites. implicit bias training, i think you heard that several times this evening, that's app example of training we would like to provide, and providing safe and supportive schools professional learning from central office for our sites. the c in pitch is collaborative culture, so how do we put wraparound services at sites that are going to support our schools and give them what they need to make sure that students are receiving the -- the kind climate that they need to be successful? so you can see that we want to make -- some of the strategies we want to put in place is design -- having a design school staff team that builds activities and professional development especially around having hard conversations around african american teaching race. we know this is not just a

the other was biography, decide i think it's african-american titles. they had many titles as you see that jed on the program inside the pamphlet. i think i have one for you in my bag. >> looking forward. people who are familiar with detroit, tell us where source booksellers is in the city. >> we are in the heart of the city. we're in the heart of the city with them main main library, te detroit institute of art, the galleries, the african-american museums, the historical museum, wayne state university and health system is all there. >> you are driving up woodward avenue? >> on the new queue line which is our little choo-choo. >> your train. driving up woodward. >> and we get to canfield speeders have my past tigers team at this point. >> was yesterday after you get past that. >> fox theater? >> past that. and then on past that we get to make down which is surrounded by the four major expressways. so we're right in the heart of midtown and on cash corridor. >> is a lot of renovation going on? >> a lot of renovation. there's a lot of new building going o

african americans never forgot about the role of slavery. perhaps the opportunity for civic and political equality. united states veterans marched in parades. they were emancipation day celebrations in 1888. in places like texas and still more emancipation day parades. all paying homage to the fact that union victory and african-american soldiers helped save the union and end slavery. but white veterans, both union and confederate, often fail to forget that slavery played a role in the war. the dedication of the very first national park to come out of chattanooga was an occasion that was supposed to be a shining example of the reconciliation of spirit of the late 1800s. for three unseasonably warm days, more than 53,000 people have enjoyed this reconciliation of spirits. had come to celebrate the dedication of this park and the memory of all americans. we are supposed to talk about fraternity and healing. even in this occasion where they are with confederate veterans, union veterans can't help but talk about the role of slavery. crowd, they

look how many african-american to became lawyers. what did that do? that opened up social opportunities. my best example is the first book i wrote in my dissertation, and a small southern community and a deacon in a baptist church marries on the courthouse steps, and in fact, is a former slave. i think those differences matter. and we are wrong to separate them out and not see the construction was making a difference in the lives of people at the local level. there were ways when a judge decided disputes, it could often be an african-american deciding those disputes. we forget about that. those things were making a difference in people's lies. -- lives. >> if i could add one thing, the governor of new orleans, during reconstruction, during the civil -- when the union union was in charge, they passed minimum wage loss, progressive labor laws. -- they passed minimum wage laws, progressive labor laws. >> we could go more for hours, except we would all be kicked out. instead, i want to thank again the people from the capital historical society. the press,

african-americans haven't have been screaming for a long time.ave become disenfranchised they no longer believe in politicians are politics. that group of folks don't have the same respect. because we pride ourselves on 95% democratic party it's of less value. that's why they apologize to black women. so be independent. come vote. the days are over just being . demand respect. if i lose a contract am fine with that because what i call this the consequences of consciousness. >> steve: thank you. stay with us. i'm going to get richard and lisa's reaction. this issue of the tension between uncontrolled immigration and the impact on workers, jobs, and income, just seems that the argument has gone one way. >> i don't think you can characterize the party. it's a good point. we need to work on rebuilding communities like detroit chicago. they need investments in politician. with that being said, they can also benefit from not building a wall on the southern border because that money could be invested in chicago. the one group that finds this to be heino

the number of african americans in texas is limited .e was slavery in mexico but there were also people who dreamed of freedom so there are both some slaves but also some free blacks and during the spanish period in texas, the colony was not very large and there may be a couple thousand settlers and among them people who were primarily free, free blacks , some of them of mixed ancestry. a number maybe of 20 percent of that couple thousand, it's a relatively small group but it is again the beginning point of any kind of african american presence in texas and that continues until the early 1800s when mexico then revolts for its independence fromspain . mexico along with most of the latin american countries that revolted against spain during that period of revolution began to take the first steps toward emancipating their slaves. bringing an end to slavery in what would now become an independent country. when the anglo slaveholders are moving and don't want that to happen of course because it would affect them so this becomes one, maybe not

she )ll become the first african-american woman to lead the bay area city. ing history becoming the first african-american woman lead the bay area city. good morning to you. thank you so much for joining us. i'm laura gars why. >> i'm marcus washington. we are minutes away as laura said from the beginning. nbc bay area's pete suratos is live in front of city hall. what does it look like right now? >> reporter: good morning to you. you can feel the energy of the inauguration ceremony and show you guy what is we are looking at right now. you got -- pan over to the cwd you about 1,000 or so people they're expecting to show up here for this inauguration ceremony. of course, talking about the first female african-american mayor in san francisco's history and we all know about mayor-elect london breed's history growing up in the projects, the philmore western edition and then elected to the board of supervisors in 2012 and then becoming the president of a board of supervisors and of course, had to step in as an interim morudde passing of maynor lee and then past j

would you not say african-american people? >> i live around african-american people too. live in a real neighborhood. i don't live behind gates with body guards. i live in a real neighborhood of working people. i chose to do that. >> sean: i was going to ask you about the other controversies. >> i made a lot of mistakes. i live my life out loud. i do it -- when things are going too far right, i will go a little left. when things are going too far left, i go a little right. i like balance in the middle. i like middle america. i like the middle way. i like the middle-class. i like the middle opinion that balances 2 extremes. most people in american, i think, think like that. >> sean: a lot of people misunderstand what motivates me. what motivates me in the 2016 presidential election for me was about the forgotten man. >> absolutely. >> sean: a lot of people don't know -- people watch this show -- i was a paper boy at 8. dishwasher at 12. cook, bus boy, waiter, bartender. i painted houses and hung wallpaper and fell off a roof doing roofing. that was decades of my life. i ne

i had the mon african-americans that their entire lives. so in the speech. i write a couple of times. use a couple of different examples about put yourselfen the shoes of this, the 12-year-old, young african-american girl who is coming down the street looking at him. >> can you look into the eyes of this young girl and convince her that robert e. lee is there to encourage her? do you think that she feels inspired and hopeful by that story? do these monuments help her see her future with limitless potential? >> for the two years that i really thought about this. i talked to a lot of people. i've really did a lot of thinking, praying, research. it became really, really clear. that this was wrong. and that it needed to be corrected. and i really got to a pin the where i couldn't ex-palestinian to my grandchildren who were yet to be born, you know that i didn't -- that i didn't dupe what was right in front of me. we had to fight every step of the way. but i am immensely proud of it. i am more sure about it today than i was when i started. i think it was the righ

with african-americans. and you yourself have been the target of some pretty nasty rhetoric. i want to play really quickly you on the senate floor. you voted for jeff sessions. and then you got hit with criticism not just because people didn't like jeff sessions, they didn't like you as a black person voting for jeff sessions. >> you are a disgrace to the black race. you are an uncle tom scott. you're for sessions. how does a black man turn on his own? i left out all the ones that use the n word. just felt like that would not be appropriate. >> just talk a little bit about you as a human being, son of a proud mom, being subjected to that kind of rhetoric in your present position. >> one thing i had to learn to deal with as an african-american who wants to be clear and concise even about my conservative underpinnings is i get tacked on both sides. it is painful. it hurts. anyone who loses the sensations, they have this thick skin where nothing penetrates, that's problematic from my perspective. if i can't fee

and 96% african-americans, the unemployment rate is 26%. and unemployment so low and at school employment to the people not employed in those communities it is not close to unemployment, 18% of the african-american population at a poverty rate compared to 8%. and recognize the corners and that tends and pristine and clean. if there is one thing on a broad scale that would help this party, the things we do in kansas city and all cities do it as well because it is essential to how we govern. we like to govern based on facts and data and citizen input. i would conduct a nationwide citizen satisfaction survey, not a paul, the citizens actually get to tell us what they think is important and it could be collated by geography, social economics and different things so there's a map. the benefit of doing things like that is once you know what citizens think is important, you can govern to fulfill promises and do things. what we do when we have been doing that is as we move forward with our survey and start literally addressing needs the citizens id

interpreted this period, either as a success or failure, since it did not achieve equality for african-americans. her class is about 1:15. [captions copyright national cable satellite corp. 2018] prof. sinha: today we are going to be talking about reconstruction. what is reconstruction? it is the period immediately after the civil war, why is it called reconstruction? we're talking about the reconstruction of the union, right? of the seceded states that formed the confederate states, they have been defeated. how do they reenter the union and how do we reconstruct the union? that is why this time is known as reconstruction. it is not that well known in american history. we have been talking about the civil war, and before the midterms we covered the civil war. everyone knows about the civil war, it has kind of a triumphant end, at least if you're not a neo-confederate. the union wins, slavery is destroyed. reconstruction, on the other hand, does not have a happy ending. it is a great experiment in interracial democracy after the war, but it is overthrown. maybe we all like happy endings and that'