even though your mom is white and your dad is african-american, you identify as an african-american woman, but you've always had this kind of prism of looking at things through "the other," and it was almost as if they're saying, "there's a whole other 'otherness' that you need to understand." >> that's right-- secondary marginalization. and so for me, it wasn't that i wasn't a black feminist, it's that i didn't quite know what that meant for my research, and so over those years, as i developed as a teacher and as a researcher, i discovered that for me, black feminism is simply asking the same question over and over again-- of myself and of my students and of my work. and that question is: "what truths are missing here?" so even if you're telling something that's mostly true, there's always some other truth that is missing, some other story that's not being told, some other question that's not being asked. and so it becomes not just about making sure that women's voices are there or making sure that not only heteronormative but also queer experiences are there-- it's about asking every, s

them as enslafd africans. the ship crashed off the coast of south africa. we're very fortunate to have organized with george washington museum, museums of cape town and partners in mozambique we were were able to identify this shipwreck off the ocean floor off south africa. one of the key markers to identify this is the shipwreck are a slave shipwreck in particular is some of the archival research revealed there were 1400 balance lis stones on the ship. though were used to offset the human weight. and we know for a fact there were balance lis stones on this ship because we found them on the ocean floor. so we're excited to be able to if he ture those in this particular case in the passage. one thing that visitors will know t note is we do not have images in this space. we wanted those who went through this experience to speak for themselves. and while we talk about this human story, the human story extends to everybody, so you'll hear voices of those who were enslafd, but you'll also hear voices of crew member

across the globe, africans and the african diaspora continue to suffer inequality and disadvantage becausethe legacy of slavery and colonialism. the united nations has also set aside an international decade for people of african descent, which began in january 2015 to acknowledge their contribution to human history. the decade also recognizes injustices they endured while promoting and protecting their human rights. >> [singing in spanish] announcer: running in the united states, running baback home i ie congo. [speaking accented english] announcer: one man's rarace for peace. [speaking accented english] announcer: in new york city, the group that's doing what they can to save the planet. [speaking accented english] announcer: recycling bottles and cans bthe million. [speaking accented english] announcer: changing the world can by can. woman: a lot? ha ha ha! [speaking accented english] gadsen: uh, we, um... [speaking accented english] man: the waste that we generate very often ends up as pollutioin unless we make an effort, first, to reduce the waste and secondly, to recycle the waste pro

, african-american, american. to me there are people who say ineq i'm not non-african american because i don't feel like an american. because of the way there treated by police or because how they're discriminated against in the job market. and then others say i've never been to africa so why would i be some ways connected to africa, i'm just an american. and so clearly there is a lot of discussion within the black community about how to identify. >> where do you come down? >> i can identify as an african-american or black. i recognize i was born in the united states, but from my ancestors came from africa. not only from an ancestor standpoint but culturally. i think african-american culture is large and as a practitioner of african-american culture and a defendant of african slave i consider myself african-american. >> the national book award-winning book is called stamp from the beginning. the history of racist ideas in america. renÉe is calling in from hampton, virginia. go ahead. >> caller: good afternoon. pro

, against african-americans? those are the folks that actually fought the war, and sometimes you see soldiers' accounts when they're in the south and they're realizing firsthand how awful slavery has been or meeting people for the first time. where are the veterans' voices in this story? >> very good question. who will want to go first? >> well, i think -- >> joan. >> i want to say something because i see a roomful of hungry people here, with all due respect. >> we're not done yet. i'm only kidding. >> but i think that one of the most fascinating stories of reconstruction as was suggested is the development of black leadership, which would later be called the voices of the talented ten. in the vanguard were the black veterans who fought in the war and settled in the south. they could read and write. they ran for office. they held all of the lower offices that we don't hear about. we hear about the senators and the congressmen in the congress in 1868 and 1872 but we don't hear about the sheriffs. so all of that, t

blending it with traditional african checks and balances, and the role of the elders, african checks and balanceces tt we h have not discovered which have been completely thrown out of the system, that is a thing that i think we need to do. that: you were saying ethnic divisions have been used, especially in south sudan, to keep people in power, and weapons are a key part of that. can you expand on that? how weapons and ammunition are playing a role right now. kiflemariam: the case in south sudan is showing us what happened when 60-51 african countries became independent. you had a brutal and long 40 to fight. the government is in place, but does not want to share with the ethnic ors of the political spectrum. they are using the war. the famine ist -- not a byproduct of the war i in south sudan. it is the goal itself. how does it happen? a number of arms have been delivered their. the shelf life of the ak-47 has 25-30 years. what they need now is ammunition. brian: who is providing ammunition? kiflemariam: different countries. china, belarus. there are e speculations that se come fro

lowwould think this is the point of african-americans. frederick douglas would feel like all hope was lost. him this is just a few months after. court issues its 1857.g in march of douglas does believe the declaration and constitution can be and should be the foundation for black progress. even more than that as i try to thatthe story african-americans will be able to gain rights. it is striking the extraordinary sense of hope. >> what do you think it is? whitey you think americans always return to our founders in the constitution? >> we have what i call a constitutional culture. we think of those as two very different time periods. the last living founder doesn't die until 1836, the father of the u.s. constitution. abraham lincoln is already serving in the illinois legislature. he knows of the founders. there is this extraordinary legacy that abraham lincoln and all of those of the civil war andfelt they had inherited filled it was something they had needed to preserve. it shouldn't be surprising we think about the civil war generation,

the unexpected politics of african-american republicans.ic you can call lynn and if you have a question or, for professor feel. let's begin with a call from glenn in michigan. hello. you are on the air. >> caller: thank you, i wanted to ask you about if you think president trump will have much success appealing to blackck americans with immigration, you might remember in the big speech he gave i guess it wasn't officially the state of the union, but the big speech he gave to congress, he had -- who is an advocate in los angeles to against illegal immigration since his son was murdered by an illegal immigrant. also from what i understand -- it must frankly to get black americans by the huge amount of cheap labor brought in through illegal immigration.so >> it's an interesting concept because i think effective immigration on black employments i think data is mixed. there is no clear story about that. i don't think it is a slamdunk issue. i think the other thing is that initial polling suggests that the trump administration hasor struggled wit

throughout most of the 19th and 1th century histories, africans and african-americans were a majority of the region's population. this is a part of our history that we also wanted to explore here by making it clear to people that that's what our region's economy is based on. so most -- one in six coopers was an african-american. and most of the folks who would have worked out in the woods manufacturing tar or in the small woodland factories that created the spirits of turn tine would have been en-- term type would have been enslaved labor -- termen tine would have been enslaved labor. in order to support the naval stores industry and facilitate it, the city of wilmington or the town of wilmington begins to grow and there's this commercial aspect. people make money off tapping those pines and making tar. and so one of the things that we wanted to show in our galleries was how colonial americans lived. the kinds of things that they would have. we have a recreated store here. it's not to scale. it's a little small. but it is based on the discrimination from a letter from the period of a

unexpected politics of african-american republicans -- professor fields are you a republican? >>no i am not. so -- a bit of an outsider perpghtive perspective experience. >> are you a democrat? >> sure. i would guess i would probably classify my politic as independent, left leaning, in a lot of ways the interesting thing about it was intent to which my own politics doesn't really rise pup to the surface right in regards to doing the research or getting people to talk to me. i think in some ways being outside of the republican party and the republican scene actually made people more willing to open up right that there was less risk because the network of black republicans are fairly small. as you might imagine especially black republican advocate so everybody knows everyone else and so to be able to come in and be someone that nobody knew -- right, while presenting some challenge of also created a lot of opportunity. so in the end i feel like it helped you know not being a republican people but like we can tell this guy what's going on and we with don't have to worry about him,

of african-americans in pennsylvania.n conjunction, she has taught students about geological research and family genealogy. she has published books and articles on various subjects including the emancipation of the district of columbia. she has written over a dozen articles that have appeared in professional journals. she served as a project director for a pbs documentary which is an award-winning film. she is supported by numerous resource grants for the national endowment of the arts. before i start with my panelists, i have another book i want to share as a fellow archivist and educator. tubmanalled "harriet memory and history." it is a good synopsis for us who are academics on how you write history. historians need archives. you really have to delve into primary resources. for a person such as harry tubman, they were not -- four harriet tubman, they were not allowed reading materials or writing materials. so, we look at someone like that, how do they document or explain themselves? we have to use other resources and m

so what happens is the labor expended by african-americans drops. is simply tot then say under the system of slavery, which is a brutal system, right, southern slaveholders are trying to get all they can out of slave labor to find maximum profits. question, back to the my sense is that southerners profited greatly from the institution of slavery and had a system of freedom been a place as opposed to slavery, they would not have been able to acquire the enormous wealth they did. if you think of some of these mississippi planters in the weressippi delta, these some of the wealthiest people in the whole world and they made their money on the backs of slaves. questionill end with a on an optimistic and grand note. it's the constitution a fundamentally different document after the lincoln changes? posthy: we move from a slavery constitutional order and it changes the way we think about rights, it prompts new discourse about rights. it is during the civil war that we first start to think about civil rights and not phrase is used by these black activists m

african american family history.nd because of this building i was able to chronicle an enslaved little girl who came at age 8 just after the american revolution. i was able to document her three sons, the oldest of which was peyton, who would have three wives and 33 children in total. it was so important that these records were here and that these records literally helped me reframe my own family history and would lead to the creation of the african american historical and genealogy society. as one of its founders we look to people like tubman in the wider world issues and we're grounded in our own family stories. tubman, like the women in my family, three generations of which were enslaved and again these records here help document their lives. tubman was a woman who was direct and serious and has been a national symbol for african american women. people like me who were hearing about her passing it on to -- i have a lovely god daughter, monica black stn taughten always reading stories like this down to my own daugh

she's an african women bought of the plantation long of 79 others directly of africans of 1786, at theospital they learned of the economic aspects of plantation life and see and we'll skip that. we'll get there. >> i do have to say, adding to the reallyisomerset place of th and the jail. visitors now, toured the one off limits and domestic dependanci s dependancies. >> instead, they learned how he balance all of life privileges. as historian peter woods say says -- educating citizens of the social history. at somerset there is a smooth paradigm shift moving to inclusive and invisibility and the anemic to the community narrative to the historically integrated we tour. [ applause ] >> and now the lord hayden will help us understand by looking a t the challenge of place and a lot of her work. >> deloris, if you would? >> thank you lonnie, i am honored to be here. it is been a remarkable couple of days. i have learned a great deal. my talk is called the shape of time. outside the doors of history museum, urban rain reveals the shape of political and economic life to those who can decode bu

which was hundreds of african-american sharecroppers from alabama and georgia.they were relocating to northern mexico and along the border between durango and --. i thought this was interesting. levy took the immigration between the mexico we always talk about mexicans coming to the us. we never think about why would americans go to mexico? although of course if you are thinking about the 1890s. this one year before the separate but equal ruling by the supreme court. just the presence of jim crow. there are lots of reasons why african-americans would actually find mexico a potentially attractive place to be. and so i got very interested in thinking about this sort of hit another migration we don't think about. at that very interested once i was looking for the record trying to see who is behind this. he would realize that with the new train system between us and mexico that it did not necessarily only need to go from north to south. it connects to go from south to north. and it was a very mysterious figure went by these various names and that was the initial spa

you don't see that a lot with african-americans. that they don't disparage her with the whole i have a whole different perspective on that. they try to disparage us and put us down but it sounds like they talked about her as a human being. >> somewhat. they dwell on her looks a lot so you feel like it's been written by a teenage boy. [laughter] but they do recognize her much more than others. it's interesting. >> definitely looking forward to continuing the conversation, not tonight tonight and right now, will let you have some questions and move on with the rest of the program but thank you so much. adrian, it's been a blessing. thank you for carrying on the work of our ancestors. >> yeah, cool. thanks. >> the question is how did i get the recipes and did i test them. >> the microphones are at the back of the auditorium. please use them. >> it was a combination. i reached out to several presidential staff and used if i could use them their recipes. a lot of them come from looking at old cookbooks and old newspapers. some recipes i

i considered myself an african. the winnin winning bucket stampm the beginning of the definitive history of race and ideas in ra america a call from hampton virginia.. go ahead. >> caller: good afternoon. my question relates to whether you have an opportunity to read contributions to the space race. i wonder if you subscribe to be the belief african-american women faced the double its sword -- double edged sword. >> thank you for the opportuni opportunity. we've are nominated finalist. she won and i was glad to be there celebrating. chronicling the history about each and every plaque groups. so they've denigrated and specifically the air at the intersection of race and gender. i see the ways there have been obstacles or save results of their race and class and cultu culture. >> host: booktv has covered margo talking about her book ann figures. you are on the air. we are listening. g >> guest: good afternoon. i want to thank you so much. i'm encouraged by the vision and the history that has taken, dave rogers and oth

so the revolution was under way to showcase african american contributions to the bat to end slavery and the consequent freedom struggles for equal opportunity which continue. now, women's history had not yet cracked the graduate curriculum by 1976, but the double burden of trying to expand the horizons of social history and to tell stories from the bottom up was a great challenge. my jenn generation of feminist hornz felt we had our work cut out for us. in narratives which did mention tubman, she was always heralded as an underground railroad contributor. this was always foregrounded and i think this remarkable story of course deserves our attention. but she made significant contributions as a scout, as a spy for the union, she was a nurse and she really was working closely with the military behind enemy lines. after 1865, she had a very strong record of ath tating for women's suffer rage while establishing her charity home in her adopted home of auburn in upstate new york. when she opened this home it was the only charity home open to african americans in all of new york outside of

also looked at the colony where they were taking african-americans this seems a they were unhappy and wanted to come back to the united states. >> rebel give a little background on the question. one of the interesting chapters of the book william ellis is involved during the first u.s. treaty to ethiopia in the early 1900's fernandes traveling on the steam ship with his brother of the assistant secretary of state somehow william allen says inserted himself into the state department he has no diplomatic background but he has attached itself to this mission and that some point then gentlemen he is with is either pushed or falls off the steamship and his dead body washes up on the shore of great britain. there's a lot of controversy was he pushed over is specially people dig into his background he may not be this figure they thought he was back. so whether he is a murderer or not that is one of the big unsolved mysteries of the book i believe after words william ellis was brought into the state department by teddy roosevelt. and this brings them notoriety only by obscuring part of the ba

donald trump got 7% of the african-american vote, mitt romney got 4%. if donald trump is able to take that gain and replicate 7% to 10% or 11% it shatters not only the blue law which is in charge in wisconsin in the upper midwest that revolutionizes american politics. and to a certain extent it wasn't politics. i don't think he is a racist, the least homophobic president we ever had. i believe he has a completely different brand of politics that will change all these calculations. it doesn't change will heard from san antonio. one of the great hopes on national security along with mike gallagher, is an african-american on the ground in afghanistan. i don't want to pander and promote people because of race or ethnicity or gender but it is nice when the party reflects more of the american spectrum, and openly gay man. and likely the ambassador to nato. the republican party has always been about what do you have upstairs and what do you have in terms of talent and i wanted to be that way. >> to some extent how parties run themselves and make leadership dec

. >> next, a panel on african-american history and preservation. moderated by lonnie bunch, founding director of smith tone ya' national museum of african-american history and culture. this is an hour and 45 minutes. [ applause ] >> all right. this is going to make me cry so come on, sit down. geez, i was just going to say thank you, hard core folks. you know, i'm really pleased to welcome you to this session, but before i do that let me just say how unbelievably honored we at the smithsonian are that so many of you are here and that all of you that participate in this conference, the papers have been brilliant. we have learned so much, and i just want to let you know how much it means to all of the smithsonian that you're here. so thank all of you so much. i appreciate that. so my job today is to welcome you to the session with -- that was voted the session with the most unwieldy name. history, preservation, public reckoning in museums, which is translated to mean this panel will grapple with issues and challenges that flow from working at the int

is something that we as african-americans have to live with every day. i'll tell you back the first of march i was out at walter reed army medical center going into the gate. i had my suit on, my gray hair, rushing for an appointment, looking distinguished and everything, as i always do, and had a little incident at the gate with a 23-year-old, a hot firecracker in terms of how he wanted to talk to me and how he approached me, in a threatening way, in a threatening voice. if this guy had been a civilian, because he was a military m.p. if he had been a civilian and it was under other circumstances, like it was dark and we were somewhere off by ourselves and he had the gun and i did not, it would have been an explosive situation. even i, as a congressman, going to a military facility, have to deal with. as a follow-up to that, even trying to get it resolved by higher-ups, i still don't have a resolution as of yet you, same guy was out there last week in the same location, doing the work that he really is not psychologically equipped to do. he is still out

i want to get with the african-american elected officials. those got mandatory minimums still right as we speak with all that we know about mandatory minimums, they are still law. the colleagues that the public defender service would try to go in get those repealed in a site all the evidence about the racially discriminatory impact of the mandatory minimums. they are not making any headway. still, even today, we have a lot of work to do. [inaudible] [inaudible] the only select one. that is the first part. the second part is you put the black community's own initiative in this problem. i'll call you a secret. back in the day when your daddy and i were down in the district building, we were tough. we were strong. that doesn't happen anymore. we then joined the ranks of those who refuse to accept what becomes public policy. those kinds of factors to in budget. she put $13 billion on the table in only 13% of education because she wants tax cuts. those are the kinds of difficulties i think that further reduce and diminish the capacity of the black

african-american population being imprisoned. you you imprison a woman, affect the life of the you affect the life of the children. to teach them a skill or a trade, it is very concerning to me. dr., i heard you clearly. what is your priority? to me, that is the key. we can talk all we want. if your priority is not driving your actions, then your words mean nothing. if you tell me criminal justice reform is a priority, but you don't legislate it, then your words are not truthful. i am very concerned about that. i just want to thank you. we have to continue to understand we need to address the issue of women. an increasing number of african-american women being imprisoned. we must fund second chance programs. all those things we need to do to ensure if i made a mistake, if i did something wrong, if i is a young person made a decision that was not the best, or i just didn't know -- i was hungry so i committed a crime. in society, in america, we believe that you can be rehabilitated. then your laws and your funding should reflect th

in the words of one african historian, we call got history. movie,logue for the 1993 gettysburg," known to some of us profession as gettys beard, stated, lee served until war, almost two perhaps the died most beloved general in american history. eisenhower, colin powell and norman schwarzkopf? confederacy's foremost lee,st claimed that only jackson were adored by troops. one soldier voiced adoration of lee, "this army loves their every many of them, as much as a child loves his father and feels that affirmative -- affection and respect for him." undoubtedly, this audience is familiar with the robert e. lee mystique. virginiarsity of 800 entries ons martine. lee and 500 on luther king. lee is etched across the landscape. americans have two images of lee in their mind's eye, the impassive warrior frozen in time on horseback or as making peace signing the army of northern virginia's surrender confederacy's death warrant, the beginning of his unique makeover from foe to hero. somewhere jefferson davis is envious. [laughter] ervin: posterity handle

have you ever represented an african-american republican? >> no i haven't. we are in a box in california, the bench is empty in california. >> i have interviewed several black. i did pink they were credible candidates. >> larry elder almost ran for senate. >> that would be the closest i have gotten. he was getting ready to run for senate, and weren't his fault. carly fiorina went for it. >> a great guy terrific for this panel because he has a different view. did you interview larry? >> i promise i'll anonymity. yes or no, can't confirm or deny. >> one last question and to your guys's question. all right. i am going to make a partisan statement but bear with me. my take on the democratic party at this point is they are a strong regional party, not a national party after the last election, they are strong on the coast said big cities. they got problems. they continue with the protest to paint donald is so extreme, so crazy, so dangerous, is it possible they overplayed their hand, that will back lash when the world doesn't come to an end, the stock market is co

i am an african american. i'm african, i'm an american, i'm an immigrant and i'd better drive this conversation because you know i'm looking forward to have the conversation with my son about all of this-- - how old is he now? - he's just a couple of months, but when he's 15, he's gonna say to me where were you in all this? did you help out in this conversation? was all this stuff, did you just avoid the dialogue? so i'm preparing myself to have that conversation that every black man have with their son, and saying hey, hopefully when he grows up he doesn't have to say, i don't have to tell him when you see a police officer avoid him, look down, walk away. hopefully i can say to him when you see a police officer, give him one of our sweet potato doughnuts. - right, that, i like the fact that my takeaway from this conversation is that sweet potato doughnuts are the thing that will make everything better. i think that's actually-- - we agree on that. - hey i like that very much. i want to ask you about growing u

including african-american women and contracts like myself that have strushld go for seven years to keep my doors open and our children safe and keep the community safe as well and employ them i presenting employ 22 section 3 local district 10 residents in my firm it has been very hard and with this waiver being worked out infected i'm employ more people union people from my union family shop and union business i believe in san francisco and i believe this commission wanted to see african-american firms grow and stay here with the population of african-american i hope you support it anything i guess do in working with my community or any other district in san francisco so, please reach out to me. >> thank you mrs. jones. >> next speaker, please. >> (calling names) good morning thank you all for thank you for having us. i'm carr a lot tucker the owner of construction services located my business is located in san francisco district 10 the below grade district for the most part i provide professional support services for small businesses in our community to help them continue to be su

and often african-american women were the face of southern cooking. that's why this woman named laura dolly johnson -- >> yes. >> -- is very important. she's a free woman, biracial, who has to be talked into working at the white house kitchen, and benjamin harrison does so because his friend, theodore roosevelt, recommends dolly johnson. and theodore roosevelt had her food while he was traveling around and had din kerr at colonel mason's place. so when benjamin harrison becomes president, roosevelt recommends dolly johnson. so she comes to work in the white house kitchen, only there was one big problem. there was already a french woman who had that job, and this very french cook had two very american responses; she filed a lawsuit, and she went to the press. >> right. >> so this is the first time that a staffer is sues the president. it gets resolved, and then she went in the press and talked about how poor the habits were for the harrisons and other things. but dolly johnson gets the job, and she is celebrated in headlines all across the country. the

unlike african slavery, african slaves had to cross an ocean and you had these records listing everybody who was there and that's why we have such great sources to investigate the numbers.as in the case of native americans, we have vague references to slaving grades, locationallo investigations but there's a lot that we don't know. that would be problem numberer one. problem number two and moree fundamental is that native american slavery is something that everybody engaged in. including, native american groups themselves. a they were both enslaved and slavers. exactly how you parse that out in terms of reparations if reparations were be extremely difficult.t. >> i will make two comments as well. the first, if one would try to seek reparations to the court you have a very difficult task of being able to show that any plaintiffs currently have at anv damages. that would be an extraordinary act and they would have to haven historian after historian up there trying to do this. secondly, the only route reparations would be through congressional action and, good luck. [laughter] i have a ques

the idea is that era of african-americans who went into judiciary,ment, graduated from college, theyad tremendous inpatients for -- impatience for what they were seeing as an epidemic of black dysfunction as far as drugs, crime, dysfunctional families. host: i want to make sure that professor joseph has time to answer your question. do you have a question? feelr: well, yeah, i just that the black lives matter movement, even though people of have the most disproportionate burden of abuse andhe militarized, klanish, disrespectful policing in our ,ountry, white people are especially in the lower economic already orbit the police because of growing up in poor neighborhoods, involved in drugs or whatever, so i think black lives matter has to embrace the fact that many people are abused by the law enforcement. host: i will let professor joseph address that. guest: i think when you look at a movement for black legs agenda, it talks about a comprehensive restructuring of the entire criminal justice system. so of course there will be some poor whites who have been caught up in everything, fro

so i look at what is meant t ite a recaptured african. i was drawn to that term what did it mean to come into the custody liberated from a slave ship and what did it mean that out of the 2,000 people that were part of this particular story is large number of them were under the age of 15 during this period up to about 50% were 14 years and younger. i came to this book because of a document i learned about at the virginia historical society when i was writing my dissertation i was writing a book about medicine man to slavery in the antebellum south and all the archivists look at this journal and it was a doctor on the ship headed for liberia transporting to act as an agent over a group of the captured africans being transported to liberia many of whom were children. i knew about the conventional narratives about fugitives and the underground railroad, but this category. it's something i haven't heard of and the evidence that was picked up off the periodicals like harper. i knew that story and started to see it all over. >> terrific, thank

the wellspring for everything african and spicy.y and move constantly. it's a place where everybody is sexy. where even the ugly people are hot. unsurprisingly, this is where artists come from. african spiritualism, occult magic, candomblé, capoeira. caipirinha? and caipirinhas. did i mention caipirinhas? they do those here too. i like them. i like them a lot. what's magical about this cocktail is the first taste. it's like, i don't know man. it's a little too something. and then like that second sip, it's like, aw, that's kinda good. then the third sip, it's -- where are my pants? fortunately food in these parts tends to be, shall we say, hearty. for instance, a delightful meal of fried meat with plenty of absorbent starch product, like farofa. the perfect accompaniment to many, many caipirinhas. oh, excellent. obrigado. now we're talking. it's a tough town for vegetarians. oh, chorizo, good. and i'll have six more of these please. people are staring at me. they're saying, "look at that -- heathen hump of an american, how much he's

>> my nationality is african-americ african-american. >> michael, you have to wait until next week. how are you going oh get your freedom? >> i will use anything necessary to get my freedom. >> any means necessary? >> yes. >> the walls of jim crow started coming down. but in the aftermath of the '60s, the legislation was there, but the application wasn't there. yes, we've got the foundation, but we haven't built anything on the foundation. it was almost like when slavery ended about 100 years before that. okay, y'all are free. you can leave. leave and go where with what and do what? we were free, but not equal. >> what is this moment that we're in, the post-civil rights movement. the movement of racial equality? when i can still be profiled on the street? music becomes a gateway for african-americans to articulate their hopes, their desires, their longings, their social critiques. ♪ people get ready ♪ there's a train coming ♪ don't need any baggage ♪ you just get onboard ♪ all we need is faith ♪ don't need no ticket ♪ we'll just pay the lord >> aretha called upon this long black mus

i've been totally accepted as an african, and as a kenyan.got into politics, i've got into all sorts of situations, which you couldn't do if you kept yourself apart. do you think in english or in swahili? swahili, it's my first language. absolutely? absolutely. and if we think about the extroadinary things you have done in palaeontology, and i am thinking now about the discovery of the skull of the boy which told us so much new about the origins of homo sapiens, you always made a point of saying that for you the discovery mattered partly for ideological reasons because it was a way of explaining to fellow kenyans, fellow africans, that, in your view, evolution was now proven, that darwin was right, and that they should understand, africans should all understand that the notions of god, of tribal myth, couldn't trump science and rationality. you're opening a pandora's box but let me comment on some of the points that you've made. i think the turkana boy, not the skeleton, which was found in 1984, went a long way to persuading not just africans

and in particular african-american women. so i don't want us to feel like when we're talking about -- >> so why not center black women? >> well, for example this tour, the part i went to in kentucky was in louisville, kentucky, which there are quite a few number of people of color there. that was something that was talked about. the labor movement was really centralized there again disproportionately benefits african-american men. and also women. but i just don't think that it's accurate to say we're just focusing on the white people and we're just focusing on bernie sanders piece. there was the whole range of the democratic party was in that room. the base was brought onboard. and frankly i think there's a lot that the democratic party needs to learn from bernie sanders and the appeal he had across communities that we could draw from and use to get back in power in the house and across the country. >> so we need to learn from bernie sanders -- >> hold on, one at a time. we're going to let everybody get a very quick final wor

when they rebel, we bring in african-americans. there is little pretense that any of this is moral or ethical. the question of how this system could become legitimate, how it would be legitimate in the eyes of holders is that they hinges initially. the society for the gospel is insisting that they christianized their slaves. barbadian and other planters said, heck no. they see, probably with some where is all, that it would be a powerful tool in the hands of slaves. that's an interesting question. sot i found, what i find that's trying to get my head around it to some degree, is what we call racial slavery and how it could -- maybe this is ,ecause of widespread nests a specific race. seeing specific race subjects. whiteness was dangerous. in some respects, it is still dangerous. resentf white people even seeing themselves as white. that is another legacy. the question. other questions? skepticism. ok. [laughter] i should say, seeing the doctor documentary, is a fantastic line when james baldwin says whites is a metaphor for power.