why does the aib matter? how is adb itself adapting to try to respond more effectively to what we would call the infrastructure imperative for development? >> sure. in a 2009 report, adb estimated the infrastructure needs of asia and the pacific totalled about $8.3 trillion. 8 trillion for domestic, 300 billion for regional infrastructure. to sustain the current levels of growth and development that we're seeing. that works out to about $750 billion a year and if you look at what adb is providing to the region, it's a drop in the bucket compared to what's required. if you look at what is provided by for development internationally, regionally, locally by multilaterals, bilaterals, the civil society, by governments, by private investors globally it's still addressing about 16% of asia's infrastructure needs. that's just to give you some idea of the amount of resources that are required to address what we see across the region today, pollution, water pollution, air pollution, traffic, mass transit needs, hospit

aib. is there a difference in how they view risk? and if you cannot directly address that, can you be more explicit about what the criteria is of the adb for determining whether a project is bankable? >> credit what are you answer those questions and then we will go to another round? greg: sure. i think -- ig: sure. i think you are referring to a recent article that said that they provided more than the multilateral banks as we know them combined. in, i guess you want to know how they are -- what i think of their role and whether or not it is a good thing. ] ndiscernible >> these developing countries, when they pursue infrastructure, how did they approach these different entities? reading am sort of between the lines. this is nothing my management or aeb has said. i think my former boss has experience in world bank and a dba and i think he was doing in the name of development given what we were reading in the papers a few years ago and he was concerned about a because he thought china could do a better job. aib is in part funding the

to get things done in ways that are responsible and efficient and that that, so i think the role of aib in response to your question has been positive to the environment and the infrastructure realm in that part of the world because it's introduced a new dynamic from what's been provided. >> michael projects? i thought i sort of address that. it goes beyond financial and economic rates of return and doing things by the book but i think bankable refers to investment codes that are bankable to bankruptcy and other forms of protection. laws that people can relyupon . access to arbitration and reports in the ways that risk management committees in corporations and others that are thinking about investing in a place are okay with. everyone remembers the experience of 97 and more recently in 2008 when a lot of investors got bird and it's hard for them to carry the same projects to their boards today that they could then without lots of assurances and i think everyone has to sort of of their game when it comes to the software related issues to these projects and when they're going to get appro

whenever i see the ceo and the aib talking, i think he is quite sincere he talks about having standardsthat are good or better than the world bank. i see this really as an when you're leaving form policy that china to come in and be a responsible stakeholder of china wanting to be a responsible stakeholder we should welcome it and support it. >> hello. i am from india. my question is, the story of india is bn far away from -- does your book look at these shifts and are you looking at, should u.s. and china look at talking to these governments instead of the government -- >> yes. yes we should. when we help our clients, american companies do business in india, we often tell them it is an enormous country, very different standards, very, very different chief ministers in the different indian states. some of them on a very pro-gross of platform and some of them not. you are quite right. often we tell people you wanna think about for five other indian states. >> i'm tom bradley grad student, freedom of navigation and freedom of congress are vital to the u.s. we have demonstrated it through

several decades looking to try to gain their own influence by establishing institution such as that aibngs of a story there about multilateralism to be had? >> i think as i have wrote recently in a foreign affairs article if you look at the history of the u.s. abuse towards multilateral endeavors it has always been an uphill battle. from woodrow wilson in the league of nations to the formation of the bretton woods organization in the aftermath of world war ii. i think what what we have learned in the last 70 years is help with the commitment to multilateralism has been, to promoting a stable, growing, global economy that have lifted people out of poverty and have created opportunities for countries to work together in a peaceful way. if you look at the areas of the world where growth has created stability and imagine a different picture, a world that cannot have that it is not a better world, it's not a safer world, a safer world, it's not a world where american values had a better chance of prevailing. u.s. values are seen in all of these international and financial. we help to build t

the last several decades, looking to try to gain influence by establishing institutions such as the aib and the brick's bank. the underpinnings of the story of multilateralism to be had? >> i think as i wrote recently in a foreign affairs article. if you look at the history of u.s. views toward multilateral endeavors, it has always been, you know, an up-hill battle, you know, from woodrow wilson and the league of nations to the formation of the brenton wood organization. i think what we have learned in the last 70 years, how important the commitment of multilateralism has been to promoting a stable growing economy that has lifted people out of poverty and created opportunities for countries to work together in a peaceful way. if you look at the areas of the world where growth has created stability and imagine a different picture a world that didn't have that, it's not a better world, it's not a safer world, it's not a world where american values have a better chance of prevailing. u.s. values are seen in all of these international financial institutions. we helped build them and leading