the former fed vice chair and princeton economist alan blinder called it an academic theater but not reality. alan binder: it would be effective, but it is a ridiculous concept. it's grossly illegal. my next guest says that these authorities are already working together in areas like japan and the eurozone. the cow head of global growth research joins us now from london. great to have you here. so, is helicopter money in essence kind of already happening? >> that would be my reflection. let's think about what it means. transfert heard, engineer thanks the central bank printing money. when i look at the cute ethos, like the european central bank and the doj, ineffective they are buying government liabilities, allowing treasuries to expand their so-called fiscal space. in english, spend more out of interest. that is creating essentially room to stimulate the economy. >> question here, looking at the company's -- countries that are most capable in the next step, an interesting chart looking at these countries with outstanding debt that is owned directly by the central banks, japan is rea