offering an alternative a vision a new vision which is alexander berkman another writer supported out is absolutely vital to propel a revolutionary movement forward. well this is really an educational function and i think the immediate kinds of things that we need are a much greater expansion of the alternative media has to spread into every corner and people have to bring it directly in person to person ways with with groups of the discussion groups they form and the alternative media is absolutely essential alternative types of schools these are part of the process so from both directions from from above and from below you have to have the structures that people can relate to which are ultimately political forces but in order to build the. receptivity to those structures you have to have this initiative taken at every level and so i think as people grasp the urgency of the situation and as we continue sort of putting forward this message and reaching into every possible corner. and reaching anyone who is discontented with the existing state of affairs even if it's not initially focu

she and her longtime comrade alexander berkman were put on trial in 1917 for organizing against the draft. and she begins, "gentlemen of the jury," because of course in those days there were no women on juries. and here's what she said. "gentlemen of the jury, we respect your patriotism, but may there not be different kinds of patriotism? our patriotism is that of a man who loves a woman with open eyes. he is enchanted by her beauty, yet he sees her faults." it is really one of my favorite quotations, and i'm condensing it from her full speech, which i think you could pretty easily find online, because again, anything of that era without a copyright, the books are going to be on google books. if you search a few phrases from that quote, you can find the whole speech. >> thank you. i think that's a wonderful way to end. we so appreciate you being with us, adam, especially in a changed format. your willingness to be flexible is really quite extraordinary, so we thank you, all the history educators who have been here, about 100 people joining us today. that is wonderful. not just history edu