people like george washington, thomas jefferson, alexander hamilton, issues

have -- on the top, we have a letter from john marshall to alexander hamilton. he's all the rage because of lin-manuel miranda, but he's a great early federalist. marshall is expressing concerns about jefferson taking over the presidency. he's worried that by weakening the office of the presidency, he will increase his personal power. the idea that publicly he will express limited power but would we'll great power over congress and the majority in congress. and we have this letter from john marshall to his old colleague in france from the xyz affair. charles pinckney, he's writing this letter and in the middle, he actually has to leave while writing it to oversee the inauguration of jefferson. so he writes part of it and then he comes back to finish it. he expresses more optimism, hoping jefferson, despite political differences, could bring the country together. finally, we have a letter from thomas where he's talking about his concerns about power from the marshall court and describes his concerns about judicial power. we have thomas jefferson talking about mor

the third piece of alexander's plan had to do with taxes. in 1792, congress passed hamilton'stax plan. it included increased tariffs on foreign goods, so higher than the tariff of 1789. it also included a whiskey tax that would be imposed on whiskey distilled in the united states. hamilton hoped that by dealing with past deaths, by establishing a stable currency through the bank, and by providing a steady revenue stream into the national government, that he would make running a national government easier. he was right. and he would make the national government more respectable and trustworthy. and arguably, he made it last at all. at the same time though, hamilton's plan created opportunities for old enemies of the federalists. it gave them the issues that they had not had a first. and it also created new enemies of federalist policies. and so, hamilton's financial plan would be part of the wedge between the increasing divide in this era between the federalists and what would be the opposition. some people are still angry about how this new government was formed. they are stil

on the top we have a letter from john marshall to alexander hamilton. who was obviously all the rage ,ecause of lead manuel miranda -- lin manwell brenda, hamilton a great early federalist. marshall is expressing concerns about jefferson taking over the presidency. he was worried that by weakening the office of the presidency, he will increase his personal power. the idea that publicly he will express limited power but would wield great tower over the majority of congress. and we have this letter from john marshall to his old colleague in france from the xyz affair. charles cuts with pinckney. he is writing this letter and in the middle of the letter he has too late to oversee the inauguration of jefferson. he writes part of it and comes back and expresses optimism hoping jefferson to spiting their differences could bring the country together. finally we have a letter from thomas jefferson where he is talking about his concerns about the assertions of judicial power by the marshall court. here he describes the judiciary as a thing of wax in the hands of

i will go all the way back to alexander hamilton. the genius of alexander hamilton was that he understood that principle. after the revolutionary war, the issue debt to finance the revolutionary war and that debt was thought of that there is no way we will ever get repaid on that money, so it was being traded in the markets of that day for a couple pennies on the dollar. alexander hamilton said, look, i am going to pay you all back. by doing so, he established the principle that if you invest in the united states of america, your money is good. you will get repaid no matter what. the result has been we have enjoyed the lowest interest rates of any government on the planet for the entire history of american history. that is to our benefit. it helps us finance a trip to the moon. it helped us finance infrastructure, education of our kids and interest rates lower than anyone else on the planet. you can see real life examples of that today there were countries that tried to extinguish debt by just saying i am not going to pay back. take

and i will read from a letter of alexander hamilton to another washington.e novelty of the office of inspector general inspired questions about boundaries, the extent of its operation alarming the officers at every rank. it makes the inspector general independent of the commander-in-chief, and it confers powers which produce opposition in the army. the entire scheme is a brat of fashion. hamilton spoke for washington and staff when they were absolutely convinced that what they were saying was a power grab at the expense of washington's command. they then set out to take away commissary and quartermaster functions. this established a complete and separate commissary operation to try to supply food and forage for the army. he did it independent of the established commerce erie department, and the legislation again says specifically, the established commissary department would not interfere with the operation of the commissary agents. it created mass confusion. here you have the standard commissary department. gates's knew superintendents, because the army was

of alexander hamilton to another washington aid. "the novelty of the office excited questions about its boundaries, the extensive its operational alarm for officers of every rank. it makes the inspector general independent of the commander-in-chief and it confers powers which would produce universal opposition in the army. scheme is a brat of fashion." hamilton spoke for washington and his staff when they were convinced that what we were seeing was a power grab at the expense of washington's command. to mifflin set out to take away commissary commissions. they established a completely separate commissary to try and army, and forge for the but he did independently of the commissary department that reported to washington and the legislation said, they established commissary department would not interfere with the operation of the commissary agents that gates put into field. a created mass confusion. you have the standard commissary department, gates' new superintendent, and because the army was in pennsylvania the commissary agents of

hamilton argues. is in the powers of congress and the national government. agrees, passes the bank charter in 1791. andge washington signed it, thomas jefferson resigned as secretary of state. a third piece of alexander's plan as to do with texas in 1792 congress passed hamilton's tax plan. it included increased tariffs on foreign goods and a whiskey tax that would be imposed on a whiskey distilled in the united states. hamilton helped that by dealing with the president's, by establishing a stable currency through the bank, and by providing a steady revenue stream into the national and these things did happen, he was right, it would make running a national government easier and it would make the national government more respectable and trustworthy. he made it last at all. at the same time, hamilton's plan created opportunities for old enemies of the federalist. eddie gave them the -- it gave not had issues they had it first and created new enemies of federalist policy. so hamilton's financial plan would be part of the wedge between his increasing divide in this era between the federalist and what will be the opposition headed by thomas jefferson. some people are still angry about how the new government

keeping with the hamilton theme from two years ago, when i spoke about young alexander hamilton, today, we are thinking about the vaccine, which only makes a difference if nobody wastes their shot. i discussed about resetting the relationships which have for too long been neglected. as neighboring governors understood, this virus does not respect borders. when the federal government failed to come up with a national strategy, i worked with others in neighboring states. covid is not the only challenge that does not respect borders. i will continue to build those relationships, implementing more effective and less expensive solutions, transportation options incentivizing the move to electric vehicles, zero carbon electric grid, and stronger protection from cyber attacks. i am working with neighboring states and look forward to a path modernizing gaming in our state and the legalization of marijuana. sports betting, internet gaming, legalize marijuana are happening around us. let's not surrender these opportunities to out-of-state markets or underground markets. racism is another virus th

letter ofd from a alexander hamilton to washington. this is the extent of this operation. it makes the inspector general independent of the commander-in-chief and it confers powers which will produce universal opposition in the army. a brat of scheme is fashion. xander spoke for washington and his staff and said that it -- powerer program grab at it ♪ -- paragraph at the expense of washington's command. this was to establish a complete separate commissary opposition -- operation to supply food and porridge for the army but he did it independently from the department that reported to washington. the established commissary department would not interfere with the operation of the commissary a -- agents. it created mass confusion. because the army was in pennsylvania, the commissary agents of the state of pennsylvania were all competing for the same supplies, heading up prices, creating mass confusion, less origin food raised the army in a time when the army was starving. the quartermaster department which was supposed to take care of army movements and take care this,chases o

and then he had alexander hamilton as the secretary of treasury. and then edmond randolph, who was the attorney general at the time, also. interestingly, john adams, who was the vice president, he was not a member of the cabinet. he was kept out essentially. i mean washington saw him, since he was president pro tem of the senate, he saw him as a legislator and he didn't want to have the executive and the legislative branch mixed like that together. this is kind of interesting as well, because the constitution sort of implies that the senate is going to be the consulting body of the president. like the treaty-making power. the president is supposed to get advice and consent to get a treaty ratified in the senate, so they share the power to make treaties. but in point of fact, the senate was something that was too political for it to be a very good consulting body for george washington. first of all, he couldn't get rid of senators. you know, he had no control over their appointment. they weren't secretive enough. it would be too easy for arguments t

and in keeping with the hampton theme two years ago i spoke about a young alexander hamilton arriving in america the land of opportunity not wanting to waste his shot. today's day and age we are all thinking about the vaccine which only makes a difference if nobody wastes their shot. two years ago i stressed the importance of resetting the relationship for our neighboring and regional states. for too long those relationships had been neglected. and as our neighboring owners understood, this virus doesn't respect the orders. when the federal government failed to come up with a national strategy i worked with gina charlie in massachusetts, and of course andrew cuomo inhere in new york . covid isn't the only challenge that doesn't respect workers. i will continue to build on those relationships to implement more effective and less expensive solutions. such as faster transportation options which incentivize the move to all electric vehicles . a zero carbon electric grid and broader protections againstcyber attacks . i'm working with our neighboring states title partners on a path forward

the best reactions that we have to this is that of alexander hamilton. read from a letter of hamilton -- the novelty of the office spoke about officers of every rank. it makes the inspector general independent of the commander and chief and it confers powers that produce universal opposition in the army. the entire scheme is a brat of faction. hamilton spoke for washington and its staff and absolutely convinced that what they were seeing was a power grab at the expense of washington's command. mifflin then set us to take away commissary from the commander. he established a completely separate operation. but he did it independently of the established commissary department. and the legislation said specifically the established commissary department would not interfere with the agents that gates put in the field. they called them superintendents. they created mass confusion. here you had the standard commissary department. the new superintendents. and because the army was in pennsylvania the commissary agents of the state of pennsylvania all competing for t

and that's why he had both jefferson and alexander hamilton on his board.cause you are trying to orchestrate this, so they would buy him out and make this. but that doesn't happen. the that doesn't happen and it's going to take a request in order to create the smithsonian. and which becomes what they peale wanted it to be which is is a humboldtian networked enterprise that encompasses art, literature, music, politics, exploration, all in the same place. i mentioned that humboldt was a magnet. when he is in paris, that magnetism attracts authors, both of whom will write their books on the american west while they are reading the long expedition reports, while they are hanging around with humboldt in paris. the other person they are hanging around with is samuel morse, who is painting the studies for this magnificent painting called the gallery of the louvre. not all of these paintings are in the salon. they are scattered all over the museum. what morse is doing is setting up scaffolding, climbing up on it, and a sketching what he needs and moving it around.

second, america remains the world financial center, a great gift given to us by alexander hamilton at the beginning of the united states, and finance is a major part of the global economy now. as long as america remains the number one country, there are many reasons to be optimistic. thirdly, america's institutional foundation when it comes to the economy are mostly sound. world law is more or less observed. private property rights remain relatively strong. some of these may change in the next four years, we don't know yet, but what is clear is that the institutional fundamentals that we take for granted and which are absent from countries south of the rio grande, as long as they remain solid, we have reason to be optimistic. america has mastered major economic challenges in the past. america has not gone down the path of countries like argentina. it has not gone down the path of the -- almost happened in the 1970's, but america did turn around, and that led to a period of unparalleled growth. social democracy remains highly unpopular among most americans. yes, there is a problem. the

and keeping with the hamilton theme from two years ago when i spoke ab young alexander hamilton arriving in america land offr opportunity, not wants to waste his shot, well today's day and age we're all thinking about the vaccine -- which only makes a difference if nobody waste their shot. two years ago i stressed importance of resetting the relationship for their neighboring and regional states for too long those relationships have been neglected. and as our neighboring governors understood, that this virus doesn't respect state borders. when the federal government failed to come up with a national strategy i worked with gina and charlie in rhode island and massachusetts and neighboring new york. covid is not the only challenge that doesn't respect borders. i'm going to helicopter to build upon those relationships to implement more effective and less expensive solutions such as faster transportation option which is incentivize move to all electric vehicles. a zero-carbon electric grid, and stronger protections against cyberattack. i am working with our neighboring states look forward to

second america remains that's a great gift to us given to us by alexander hamilton right the beginningthe united states andnd finances a major part of the global economy now. as long as america remains the number one country there are many reasons to be optimistic. thirdly, american institutional foundations are mostly sound. they remained relatively strong. some of theseve things may change over the next fourth years , we do not know yet. what is clear is the institutional that we take for granted which are absent just south of the rio grande, his long as these things remain solid we have reasons to optimistic. hopefully we have major economic challenges in the process. america's not bond on the path like argentina, has not gone down the path of western european stagnation. america did turn around. that led to a period of un- paralleled growth in the american economy for a number of decades. functionalism and social democracy remain highly unpopular among mostmo american. yes there is a problem, there's a problem with younger americans when it comes to those particulars issues. but mo

you know, for example, if you wanted to know everything about alexander hamilton you would go to dr.her name is dr. joanne freeman from yale. she knows everything about alexander hamilton and that's the person you go, to but they didn't do that. you know, as we have learned in this country, facts matter. >> you know it's interesting that not only were there people that were on the lives names to be removed but things as well. mission high school which is next to mission delorris, an historic part because mission and the mission system, which established california is being seen as oppressive to faith americans. the providio school is being eliminated because that's seen as militaristic and again colonial. even the alamo school is being pulled because there may be a connection with remember the alamo, the battle crime during its revolution against mexico. >> leanne, do you know how much this is going tofcost, thest, t, renaming of the schools? we're going through covid, kids are not back in the classroom, not focusing their attention on getting them back in the classroom and instead t

he's already put his personal touch on it with portraits of fdr, thomas jefferson and alexander hamiltoncorrespondent peter alexander got a look inside. >> reporter: a new look for the oval office. the room at the center of the american presidency. president biden putting his imprint on the iconic space, surrounding himself with portraits of presidents past. like fdr who led the country through times of crisis and political rivals alexander hamilton and thomas jefferson. emphasizing the value of differing views in a democracy. replacing a painting of andrew jackson that stared back at president trump, one of america's founding fathers, benjamin franklin. highlighting president biden's promise to follow science. the oval remains unchanged but what's inside captures the identity and priorities of each president. our guy, deputy director ofoper williams. >> day one oval office. >> reporter: among those celebrated here a series of american heroes. martin luther king jr., rosa parks and robert f. kennedy. someone who like mr. biden also endured his share of personal tragedies. at the presiden

there are also paintings of president thomas jefferson and treasury secretary alexander hamilton hanging near each other to show how differences of opinion are essential to democracy. >>vice president harris broke a lot of new ground when she was sworn into office yesterday. it sure does give little girls across the country there. first role model at that level to look up to it sure doesn't is rachel's sky to reports for us tonight, she's inspiring girls all over the country. >>politics aside women, i spoke with say their daughters will remember this day for the rest of their lives. and although they're excited to see a woman in this position of power. they're not at all surprised. >>so help me god. >>vice president kamala harris isn't just making history or one type house can say it for him to do that kamala harris, she's also making a big impression on young girls across the it was pretty cool. chair. thank first woman vice president 8 year-old camila galvez says seeing a woman of color in this position of power makes her proud. but she also has some questions why did it take this long

>> imagine if the first founding father, george washington, sat down with alexander hamilton and james madison and wrote a memo to future generations, to us. specifically about the forces he feared could destroy our democratic republic. rooted in the lessons of his life and his understanding of history. he did. that's the farewell address. and he wrote it just a block from here in what was then the philadelphia executive mansion on the corner of what is now market and six lth street. he wrote it over a period of years as the auto biography of his ideas and the sum total of his hard one wisdom drawing on all the aspects of his life. as a soldier, as a surveyor, as a farmer, as a statesman. and washington doesn't always get the respect he deserves as a thinker, as a man of great wisdom and he wasn't the most brilliant of the founding fathers. he wasn't, you know, a shining wit. he was enormously insecure about his own capacities to serve as president. as opposed to the great confidence he felt in himself as a general, as a farmer. but he really did cultivate his character consciously in

he had his own cabinet members, thomas jefferson, alexander hamilton at each other's throats.ey created the first party system around them while he was talking to keep them working together, keep them compromising. he had a terrible military defeat. he sent an army out into the ohio country, which was destroyed by native americans, in part because of corruption around the quality of the muskets that was provided for that army. and i think we have to have a long perspective on our own challenges today to understand that they aren't new. history gives us some perspective that allows us to be confident. people have dealt with difficult things in the past. they have found ways to work together. they have found ways even in times of great partisanship to make sure we rise to the challenge and keep this great experiment in democracy going. >> just a little over five minutes left here on c-span and c-span3's american history tv. we're live from washington's mt. vernon on this presidents' day. an image of george washington's tomb this morning and the scene outside george washington's

george washington called up 15,000 militia and he and alexander hamilton marched out to western pennsylvaniaat the head of these troops. can you imagine the president and the secretary of the treasury today leading military force against a protest in a state? well, maybe. anyway the rebels scattered when they heard that this force was coming. george washington, they asked all around pittsburgh, where are these rebels. oddly, nobody seemed to know. i don't know, maybe there was never really a rebellion. so, the rebellion itself died down. there was really nobody for these troops to attack. but local resentment remained. and so did this widening divide in the reaction to this rebellion. some people saw the rebellion -- the whiskey rebellion -- as proof that the people needed to be controlled. george washington believed that french and democratic republican agents had actually recruited the rebels, that it wasn't a home grown rebellion. other people in contrast saw the problem as being washington and hamilton's reaction, that that was proof that the government -- it was the government that need

his country through crisis benjamin franklin's focus on following science, and fierce rivals alexander hamiltons. ashley williams is our guide. >> welcome to president biden's oval office. >> reporter: for the president, these symbols set a tone about who inspires them and who they cipe to inspire. l righ leaders mlk and rosa parks and latino labor leader tito chavez. >> what message is the president sending? >> it's about diversity, resilience, and the possibilities of the american future. >> reporter: items identified with president trump now gone, the portrait of former president andrew jackson and flags of the military, the dark rug making its return from the clinton years and staying put anchoring it all, the president desk, personal touches, photos of his family, the transfer of power and the transformation of one of america's most revered places. peter alexander, nbc news inside the oval office. >> we'll see all the work to be done in the next four years. >> a lot riding on it. >>> up next, residents urged to leave their home after a massive fire in washington. >>> we'll have an otnaemem

undisputable in that conversation i also believe that these these efforts here are exactly what alexander hamilton described as impeachable offenses in federalist 65 an abuse of the public trust and here we have a president saying his own character's ation he's relying upon rumors rumors that things are happening. not he did he doesn't come forth with a single fact he doesn't come forth with anything that any court would be admitted as evidence and on based on rumors he wants the secretary of state to alter the outcome of the election doesn't transfer fusil to concede the election has led to speculation he may deploy the military to hold on to power it has prompted 10 former u.s. defense secretaries to warn against the use of the military effort and open letter in fact and said this our elections have occurred recounts and order have been conducted appropriate challenges have been addressed by the courts the time for questioning the results has paul's efforts to involve the u.s. armed forces in resolving election disputes would take us into dangerous and unlawful and unconstitutional terror more f

on the walls, former rivals thomas jefferson and alexander hamilton now hang together, in the room whereppens. gone is the little red button installed by president trump at the resolute desk. >> what does that get you? >> well, that gets you a coke, or gets you a pepsi. >> reporter: another change around here, in attitude, with the new boss demanding return to civility as he did last night while swearing in new staff. >> if you're ever working with me and i hear you treat another colleague with disrespect, talk down to someone, i promise you i repter: and while thepot.♪ ♪ first family is settling in, the second family can't do so quite yet. the 128-year-old vice presidential mansion is undergoing long-needed renovations. so they'll be living temporarily across the straight at blair house. and the new first dogs. aides say the white house needs to be dog-proofed. meaning the president's new dogs, champ, and major can't move in just then. one other change was noted today by dr. anthony fauci, who said it was liberating to be able to speak his mind in the press briefing room and not fear re

undisputable in that conversation i also believe that these these efforts here are exactly what alexander hamilton described as impeachable offenses in federalist 65 an abuse of the public trust and here we have a president saying his own character's ation he's relying upon rumors rumors that things are happening not he that he doesn't come forth with a single fact he doesn't come forth with anything that any court would be admitted as evidence and based on rumors he wants the secretary of state to alter the outcome of the election now i find it quite odd that even the president who's acknowledged making the call has not defended it he just said i made the call so we have 0 defenders of something that's indefensible i also am disturbed however that we don't find immediately after the call that the participants did not go public maybe they handed this audio to the washington post they should have gone to the f.b.i. i'm reminded during watergate where i was in. they know the epicenter from the beginning to the end of the impeachment ordeal of richard nixon john dean a lawyer and we're told that a la

. >> stephen: alexander hamilton wrote in federalist 27, theunitg incitement to sedition.the hammer be hard? >> well, that's among other reasons why the house, in rather quick time, impeached trump and why he must be convicted. you know, people ask me, they say, what is the sense of impeaching a guy who has a week left in his term, and there's a lot of sense to it, and the sense is that this president and anybody else who enters the oval office must understand that if you incite insurrection against your own government for your own chief political purposes, that will be severely punished. >> stephen: i trust that the justice department and the f.b.i. is taking this seriously and will use all of the power at their command to bring the people who did this to justice, and certainly nothing they did was defensible, but what about people like josh hawley and ted cruz? me brooks, about the people who incited this crowd, as i said and you agreed, with the big lie? i don't think that's ae ne so to government official ever does this again and, certainly, no crowd ever does this aga

alexander hamilton is important, andrew jackson is important. the fullness of the american experience includes these heroes like harriet tubman, the idea of political correctness and the displacement of the status kquo is exciting. the idea of centering racial justice as a way to mold -- vanity asks what is popular and conscious asks what is right. and i think what they are doing right now, the biden and harris administration is doing what is right, and in doing so, you will mold consensus, we know symbolism matters. we have spent four years of white power signs and winks to proud boys and we see that symbolism matters. is this idea of centering racial justice and yes, harriet tubman, a proud american. a proud african-american, who lived during racial slavery and lived in reinstruction afterwards. should be deserving of that recognition. and part of that broader american family. so, i think it's fabulous. especially for young people to see that. because so many young people are going to be much more interested in finding on out who harriet tubma

the united states, ban the nation's oldest daily newspaper, "the new york post," founded by alexander hamiltonch is effectively dead even if there's a letter in the constitution. it becomes a paper, right? it's no longer a living right. so we need to start to think away from these categories of public and private and just see what the real threats facing our historic rights are. lou: yeah. well, it's interesting because public and private is an interesting expression particularly when it's applied to corporate media. the fact is that in each instance the public, public corporations are the owners of these news media outlets whether it's disney, whether it is, you know, silicon valley, facebook, twitter. there is a public accounting. shareholders own those companies. and they're using money from those shareholders to donate to a preference on the part of management for which they should be held accountable. the idea that jpmorgan chase decides which party it's going to donate to, why is it donating to any party? and we have to evaluate where we want shareholder money being spent by management.

. >> i want you to all know that i am not here this -- to challenge anyone to a duel like alexander hamilton or aaron burr. madame speaker, my primary objection to the counting of the electoral votes of the state of arizona is based on the constitution and the direction of state legislatures through state law as spelled out in the following clauses. each state shall appoint in such as the legislature may direct a number of electors and the election clause constitution -- the times, places and manners. arizona law set by the state legislature has required voter registration in no later than 29 days before an election. this is clear. it is law. unless amended by the state legislature. the deadline for voter registration for the 2020 presidential election was october 5. democrats filed a lawsuit to extend this deadline by 18 days and an injunction was made by an obama appointed judge preventing the arizona secretary of state from enforcing the constitutional deadline set by the state legislature. as a result of this frivolous partisan lawsuit, and extra days were added via judicial fiat to allo

i will go all the way back to alexander hamilton.enius of alexander hamilton was that he understood that principle. after the revolutionary war, the issue debt to finance the revolutionary war and that debt was thought of that there is no way we will ever get repaid on that money, so it was being traded in the markets of that day for a couple pennies on the dollar. alexander hamilton said, look, i am going to pay you all back. by doing so, he established the principle that if you invest in the united states of america, your money is good. you will get repaid no matter what. the result has been we have enjoyed the lowest interest rates of any government on the planet for the entire history of american history. that is to our benefit. it helps us finance a trip to the moon. it helped us finance infrastructure, education of our kids and interest rates lower than anyone else on the planet. you can see real life examples of that today there were countries that tried to extinguish debt by just saying i am not going to pay back. take a look

ubertaccio: alexander hamilton and his allies want to create space within the constitution for presidents to act when the constitution is silent. we refer to that as seizing the silences of the constitution. and this was a deliberative effort to allow presidents to attain and accumulate power within the system. and hamilton and his allies believed it should be the executive's prerogative to act when the constitution was silent, or even against the constitution if the general will demanded it, especially in foreign affairs. seizing the silences of the constitution, as you may recall, will become one of the most dangerous and controversial of presidential actions. one element of article two that is fairly specific, but has resulted in different interpretations, is the state of the union address. this is found in section three of article two. quite simply, "he shall from time to time give to the congress information on the state of the union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient.” so today we are going to discuss the history of this pro

john jay, alexander hamilton. a lot of these figures in new york are out making the argument that you can really alienate some of these people who sided with the crown early on in the war. because, they are contributing a good deal to society. the money, they have expertise. they have rules the people made to build a nation. so you're going to have fun of this strict crown during the war coming cannot be part of the american thing, not to exclude the decimated a half million people who have either served in arms the ground or support of the ground took action. that could be construed as the losses. if you going to exclude the any people party that is a quarter of the population. jim: yes but he fast so want to take this opportunity that they'll have an chance to ask questions of doctor johnson presupposed your questions and comments on facebook, twitter or youtube or or where you're watching from us this evening. your book looks at port cities exclusively. why port cities. when you get from these urban states. not

george washington, thomas jefferson, alexander hamilton, taxation without representation, other offenders and the imperial crisis of the war popped up. a few of you mentioned places like jamestown, plymouth plantation, jamestown, and williamsburg. a few people mentioned the history of slavery. notably because either the 1619 project or the black lives matter project. there were a few omissions. no one mentioned individual women or individual indigenous people by name, and no one if i am recalling correctly mentioned anything west of the appalachian of thens, much less west mississippi or the rockies or west coast. this runs before contact with indigenous europeans to the end of the seven years war french and indian war. covers hundreds of years, millions of lives, and a which were women coming together of people from africa, mostly enslaved and not of their own volition as well as multiple europe,s and empires in england being the one among these and not even the first to establish a permanent settlement as well as indigenous people intermingling with africans and europeans. originaly it

in response, i'll raise you alexander hamilton.ecause in 74, hamilton made it clear the broad language didn't they they should operate without ethical constraints. hamilton assumed he would be a man of good prudence and pardons were needed because many crimes at the time were punishable by death and, therefore, delayed the result in death. on the subject of sedition, hamilton said in rebellion there are moment itself for a well-timed pardon to rebels may restore the commonwealth. that's exactly what george washington did after the whiskey rebellion and after the civil war. if trump offers amnesty to his supporters who stormed the u.s. capitol, it would reward them for an attack on the government, which is not at all what the founders intended. which brings us to the final insult, the idea that a president would pardon himself. this is absurd on its face. under the fundamental role that no one may be a judge in his own case. the president cannot pardon himself. that's the principle side of the 1974 legal counsel opinion released day