selected by president george, washington in 1789 alexander hamilton served as the first secretary of the treasury until january 1795. up next on american history tv historian and author william hogeland talks about alexander hamilton's financial ideas. this discussion is about 50 minutes. now while the museum the gallery of the museum is closed because of flood that we sustained our robust programming continues as evidenced by today and our author who is speaking is william hogeland. he's written multiple books on early us history including autumn of the black snake declaration the whisk

who support c-span3 as a public service. >>> selected by president george washington in 1789 alexander hamilton first secretary of the treasury until january 1795. up next to american history tv, historian and author william hogeland talks about hamilton's economic ideas this. discussion is about 50 minutes. >>> now, while the museum, the gallery of the museum is closed because of a flood that we sustained, our robust

it should be no surprise that the topic of william's next book is alexander hamilton. it's my pleasure to introduce him, william hogeland. [ applause ] >> thanks a lot. i know the acoustics in here boom a little bit. can everyone hear me? that's good to know. i think some of you know that maybe it's a little bit -- i'm a little bit of a fish out of water here. i would like to point out that the museum of american finance has had me speak. this is the third time. my first talk on alexander hamilton and other related issues was sponsored by the museum. for my first book, that was back in 2006. so it's a -- i think some of you already know that my -- it's celebrate hamilton time right now and celebrate is not exactly what i do, generally speaking. you know that i think critically and i write critically. i write and think critically about everything because that's just how i think. people sometimes think because i'm not celebrating that i'm filled with hatred for these people that i write about. you don't spend your life in the company of these people because you hate them

selected by president george, washington in 1789 alexander hamilton served as the first secretary of the treasury until january 1795. up next on american history tv historian and author william hogeland talks about alexander hamilton's financial ideas. this discussion is about 50 minutes. now while the museum the gallery of the museum is closed because of flood that we sustained our robust programming continues as evidenced by today and our author who is speaking is william hogeland. he's written multiple books on early us history including autumn of the black snake declaration the whiskey rebellion and founding finance. he's also the author of a recent publication are not author. he is a contributor i should say to recent publication historians on hamilton. he's also penned many essays and articles that you can read in places like the atlantic monthly salon the new york times boston review huffington post, but none more important than our own magazine financial history. you can find that magazine at www.moaf.org for museum. american finance so it should be no surprise that the topic

alexander hamilton drew up the instructions from the british in advance to facilitate an agreement. republicans bitterly opposed the diplomatic overture and the anchor breaking of the alliance. washington appointed james monroe, american minister to france, in may of 1794. the son of a prominent republican legislator, who was a declared admirer of france, was meant to appease the ally while also removing monroe from the domestic political scene. soon after the monroes arrived in france, the new minister appeared before the national assembly to present his credentials. he delivered an address in support of the united states revolution and commitment to the alliance. meanwhile in england, john jay negotiated a treaty that secured some of the american objectives but did little to address the imbalance of trade between great britain and the world navy. nevertheless, the treaty was ratified on february 9, 1796. republicans were incensed. and that is evident by a bit of graffiti that appeared on a wall in boston. damn john jay. damn everyone who won't damn john jay. damn everyone who won'

alexander hamilton, drew up jason's instructions and even confided confided much of the american negotiating position to the british in advance to facilitate an agreement. republicans bitterly opposed the diplomatic overture fearing both british intimidation and french anger at the perceived breaking of the old alliance. to mollify the republicans washington appointed james monroe american minister to france in may of 1794. the selection of a prominent republican legislator who was a declared admirer of france was intended to appease america's earthwile ally while while so removing monroe monroe from the domestic political scene. soon after the monroe's arrived in france the new minister appeared before the national assembly to present his credentials. he delivered and effusive address proclaiming the united states support for the french revolution and commitment to the alliance. meanwhile in england john jay negotiated a treaty that secured some of the american objectives, but did little to address the imbalance of trade with great britain or impressment by the world navy. nevertheless the

alexander hamilton drew up instructions, and confided much of the american negotiating position in advance, to facilitate an agreement. republicans literally opposed the overture, as worrying about british intimidation, a french anger of the breaking of the old alliance. got to modify the republicans, washington appointed james monroe, american minister to france in may of 1794. as a republican legislator, he was a declared admire of france, was intended to appease her ally. but removing monroe from the domestic political scene. soon after the minerals arrived in france, the new minister appeared before the national assembly, to present his credentials. he delivered a profuse of address, saying the united states support for the french revolution and commitment to the alliance. meanwhile, in england, john j negotiated a treaty, that secured some of the american objectives, but did little to address the imbalance of trade with england. but nevertheless the treaty was ratified, in 1796. republicans were incensed. that is evident, by the graffiti that appeared around this time on the wall in b

alexander hamilton drew up the instructions and even confided much of the american position to france to facilitate an agreement. republicans bitterly opposed the diplomatic overture, fearing both british intimidation and french anger at the perceived break-in of the old alliance. washington appointed james monroe american minister to france in may of 1794. the selection of a prominent republican legislature who was declared admirer of france was intended to apiece erstwhile ally. the new minister appeared to present his credentials. he delivered an effusive address claiming the united states support for the french revolution and commitment to the alliance. meanwhile in england, jon jay negotiated a treaty that secured some of the american objectives but did little to address the imbalance of trade with great britain. nevertheless, the treaty was ratified on february 29, 1796. republicans were incensed. and that is evident by a bit of graffiti that appeared around this time on a wall in boston. damn jon jay, dann who won't damn jon jay. news of the jay treaty reached the french govern

and alexander hamilton, destined to fight the most famous dual in american history. i think it was a musical or some other play. something. i seem to remember it. during the autumn of 1777, he fought in the battles of brandy wine and germantown. and in june 1778, he sent messages to george washington, to move the british against the british. he became a lieutenant colonel, of virginia forces, a military aid to thomas jefferson, and was unsuccessful in being able to recruit enough soldiers for regiment of his own command. and seeing very little prospect to further his military career, he left the army and began to study law with jefferson. first in williamsburg, and then enrichment for when the virginia capital moved that city. 13 years older than his protegee, jefferson became monroe's mentor. describing then wrote to another of his disciples, james madison, jefferson declare turn his soul wrong side outwards and, there's not a speck on him. on february 16th, 1786, he married elizabeth -- of new york. their union produced two dollars, elijah, and very elizabeth, and

also his childhood friend and future chief justice john marshall, and aaron burr and alexander hamilton, destined to fight the most famous duel in american history and i think there was a musical or some other play, something, i seem to remember it in "people." during the ought item of 1707, monroe fought in the battles of brandywine and germantown, leaving a scouting party at the balgs of monmouth in june 1778, monroe sent messages to george washington that helped thwart a british move against the continental army's right flank. monmouth would be the last time monroe would be under fire in the revolutionary war. he became lieutenant colonel of virginia forces, a military aide to governor thomas jefferson but was unsuccessful in being able to recruit enough soldiers for a regiment of his own to command. and seeing very little prospect for being able to further his military career, monroe left the army and began the study of law with jefferson. first in williamsburg and then in richmond, when the virginia capital moved to that city. 13 years older than his protege, jefferson became monro

and aaron burr and alexander hamilton destined to fight the most famous duel in american history, and i think there was a musical or some other play. something. i seem to remember the people. during the autumn of 1777, monroe fought in the battles of brandywine and germantown. leaving a scouting party at the battle of monmouth in june 1978, monroe sent letters to washington that helped ford the british move. monroe was the last one to be under fire in the revolutionary war. he became a lieutenant colonel of virginia forces, a military aide to governor thomas jefferson but was unsuccessful to be able to recruit a number of soldiers for a regiment in his own command. seeing very little prospect to be able to further his military career, monroe left the army and began the study of law with jefferson, first in williamsburg and then richmond when the virginia capital moved to that city. 13 years older than his protege, jefferson became monroe's political mentor. describing monroe to another of his disciples, james madison, jefferson declared, turn his soul inside-outwards and there is not

so he made a bet with some of his friends there, including alexander hamilton, alexander hamilton led the other side, and hamilton knew washington better than morris did. and so he made this bet that he could actually loosen up george washington. and so hamilton said, you got a bet, what do you want the wager to be? it will be the finest dinner in philadelphia for a dozen of each of our friends. so if i win, then you treat us. if you win, i treat you. so he goes up to george washington, and this is at a break in the gathering, and he puts -- he slaps george washington on the shoulder, puts his arm around him and says, george, how are you doing, glad to see you. and the way morris tells the story, he said, at that moment, general washington fixed me with an icy glare, and he took my hand and lifted it off his shoulder, and fixed me with that gaze, and all i could think about was, how can i get out of this room as quickly as possible. that was george washington. and that was the kind of person americans expected as their president. that's the kind of person americans wanted as president

jillian: rare handwritten letter from alexander hamilton to james madison, 113,$000, was bought at anong the room where it happened, the agreement compromising 1790. todd: a busy hour ahead. speak georgia cofounder janel king weighing on the president's visit to atlanta after he supported mlb boycotting. the hypocrisy straight ahead. my response coming up. >> friday april 30th, some deputies in the shootings of andrew brown junior are reinstated. brown's family and others meet with lawmakers on capitol hill. >> president biden spent his one hundredth day in office. a multibillion-dollar plan. when he supported major league baseball, people are upset about this. todd: it happens. to beat trevor lawrence and how did the other pics shame about? will jillian and i be speaking? these are questions we will answer. "fox and friends first" on friday continues right now. ♪♪ when you would be here in my arms

we need a stronger government washington asks alexander hamilton to get involved and in 1786 hamilton calls for a convention in the city of annapolis in maryland the problem. only a handful of states showed up everybody argued and embarrassingly walked out. that's no way to start a government washington stays with it and pushes along with hamilton for a convention. the following year 1787 they're going back to philadelphia. hoping that lightning strikes twice. they have errors to correct. they have to improve the articles. they would ultimately create a new constitutional system of government strength in our government and find ways of moving forward in a more unity united way next slide so what we don't know is people know all about the founding debates over slavery over the electoral college over. how do we pick a president? but there was another i always call it the other founding debate and that was over. should we have a capital city? should we have multiple capitals? where should it be? what should it look like? it's nature the size of it, you know, they couldn't even agree on o

constitution in 1789 by james madison, who served as the fourth president of the united states, alexander hamilton, who is the first secretary of the treasury of the new republic, and by john jay, who was the first chief justice of the united states supreme court. the purpose of the papers was to persuade the citizenry of the young nation of the need to adopt a new form of government and to leave behind the very loosely formed government, which the citizens had seen under the articles of confederation. in authoring the federalist papers, hamilton, madison, and jay exhibited, if you will, the very best qualities of leadership that we see in lawyers. madison was not a lawyer, but he was learned in the law. hamilton and jay were of course lawyers. and they used their lawyering powers, their abilities as leaders in the capacity as lawyers and drafters of the federalist papers to successfully usher the constitution to its ratification in 1789. we believe that the discussion today between talmage boston and secretary baker will further illuminate the fact that lawyers are given the powers, they're given

an alexander hamilton stevens letter that i a collection i was looking at. in t

champions of the two competing visions of america where thomas jefferson and alexander hamilton hamilton envisioned in america cities cities with busy harbors and smokestacks jefferson favored a nation of independent landowners. he did not want america to become like europe. and were people worked for wages and became political subjects and not participants. jefferson's ideological descendants included andrew jackson and james k polk the president responsible for the mexican war jackson and polk knew that for jefferson's so called yeoman farmers to flourish a large amounts of land were needed. so it is no coincidence that jefferson jackson and polk together added 2.1 million square miles to the united states. although actually jackson invaded florida before he was president. when jefferson took off as an 1801 the us land area 891,000 square miles. polk left office in 1849 it covered nearly three million square miles what became the 48 contiguous states? since then just 700,000 square miles have been added most of it, alaska. i emphasize land because the mexican war was all about taking l

because two parties are exactly james mattison and alexander hamilton feared. it is factions it was becoming totalitarian and you have to break that up route break in the panel up there returning and 60 minutes here's the selectively editing press conference make florida governor desantis look bad. why would they do that why should we be surprised? kobe hall joins me to it break it down. nexteq. with our unique tub over tub installation in just a day, bath fitter doesn't just fit your bath, it fits your busy schedule. why have over two million people welcomed bath fitter into their homes? it just fits. bath fitter. call now or visit bathfitter.com to book your free consultation. - hello, friends, michael youssef here. to some people, the cross is a symbol of division and hatred. to others, the cross is an offense. only those who place their whole trust in the christ of the cross will receive forgiveness of all of their sins and guilt and receive eternal peace. will you come to christ today? - [announcer] visit findingtruepeace.com to find out more. ♪ limu emu &

alexander hamilton 21. james madison was only 25 and thomas jefferson who wrote the whole gosh darn thing was only 33 years old in 1776. america has always depended on young patriots, young conservatives, young people who are proud of this country getting involved in the process. i have good news for you. in 2021 it's not that hard. you don't have to write the declaration of independence, so take that weight off your shouldersn because that's been done and i can tell you it's not rocket science. i've never taken a rocket science class but i've taken other classes and i would argue aargh-- organic chemistry is probably a bit moreis difficult than some rocket science classes and at having been a student like you guys and now doing what i do professionally, i can tell you that all of this that we do a turning point usa even at the highest levelstu of what we do here in hq boils down to one thing, tell the truth. in whatever way you possibly can to your community, maybe it's as easy as raising your hand telling

we have alexander hamilton. it was a an entrepreneur of no small note himself as well as a founding father being compared to horatio alger. also an author in a 2012 cover story and national review questions whether the united states is still a land of opportunity where hard work can lead to success and by the way note the young boys boot blocking box there beneath this fee. one final note the rich waters society was founded in 1961. was originally an organization for alger book collectors, but now it includes collectors of all juvenile fiction dom novels boys and girls series books pulp magazines etc the authors can the members conduct research on alger and all these other authors. they conduct a research on alger's works. his life is influence on the culture of america forest publication called newsboy and these next few slides are all books from the collection of a algae society a friend of mine named rob casper and these books here look rather plain, but they're all first and other additions published by the

younger than me and erin were , 20 three it alexander hamilton, 21. james madison was a 25. thomas jefferson thing is only 33 years old. in 1736. america has always depended on young patriots, young conservatives, young people who are proud of this country getting involved in the process. and i have some good news, now and 2021is not all that hard . you don't have to write a declaration is not. either class classes organic chemistry is probably a is science classes. as the site, student like you guys doing what i do professionally you all this you turning point usa i will leave you here at hq, will the one thing. tell the truth. and what everywhere you possibly can your community. maybe it's easy raising her hand and tell your professors know you know is wrong. here the, the city backup. maybe it's a you are the greater your present say that he. he is to do something about it. maybe it was turning the same chapter school community socialism sucks. you think these things actually but when you multiply every single one of thoseinteractions , you resemble high school that we op

because two parties are exactly james mattison and alexander hamilton feared. it is factions it was becoming totalitarian and you have to break that up route break in the panel up there returning and 60 minutes here's the selectively editing press conference make florida governor desantis look bad. why would they do that why should we be surprised? should we be surprised? kobe walter, did you know geico could save you hundreds on car insurance and a whole lot more? so what are you waiting for? world's strongest man martins licis to help you break down boxes? arrrggh! what am i gonna do to you box? let me “break it down” for you... arrgggh! you're going down! down to the recycling center! >>hey, thanks martins! yeah, you're welcome. geico. switch today and see all the ways you could save. ♪♪ (car horn) ♪♪ (splash) ♪♪ turn today's dreams into tomorrow's trips... with millions of flexible booking options. all in one place. expedia. when it comes to autism, finding the right words can be tough. finding understanding doesn't have to be. together, we can create a kin

alexander hamilton, 21. james madison was only 25 and thomas jefferson who wrote the whole thing was only 33-years-old in 1776. america has always depended on young patriots, young conservatives. now in 2021 it isn't that hard. i have taken a lot of classes and i would argue organic chemistry is a little more difficult. having been there as a science student and is now doing what i do professionally, i can tell you all of this that we do at a turning point usa boils down to one thing, tell the truth. in whatever way you possibly can to your community. maybe it is as easy as raising your hand and telling your professor know or your teacher know and here is the fact behind it, here's the statistic i can back that up with. maybe it is in your living room making a video about something crazy that your principal says that week to give the courage to stand up and do something about it. maybe it was a chapter in your community. you may not think that these things one by one make a huge difference but when you multi

. >> bret: tomorrow, a side of alexander hamilton you didn't see on broadway as our "special report"ontinue. tune in sunday night for fox news channel's one hour special fox nation presents the unauthorized history of taxes. the full five-part documentary series drops on fox nation next week. john, back to you. >> john: looking forward to that, bret, thanks so much. the sheriff of los angeles county says the february suv crash involving tiger woods was caused by excessive speed. >> estimated speed of the first area of impact were 84 to 87 miles per hour. and the final estimated speed when the vehicle struck the tree was 75 miles per hour. >> john: while woods was traveling at nearly double the posted speed limit he was not given a citation. the sheriff says there were no signs of impairment. woods sustained what were called life threatening leg injuries. he is said to be in florida recovering from multiple surgeries. coming up next, the backlash against the backlash over the georgia election bill. companies supporting the china olympics are now feeling the heat. >> we cannot give bei

. >> bret: to alexander hamilton the tax revolt was a rebellion against federal authority itself andilton could demonstrate to everyone that the federal government was in charge of taxation no longer the states. >> bret: it took george washington himself to quell the rebels. >> george washington actually saddles up. it's the only recorded time in american history that the commander-in-chief actually serves as the commander-in-chief and rides out with his army. >> 12,900 and 50 soldiers came to this area. that's a larger force than washington had ever each commanded in the revolutionary war. bret the whiskey rebellion marked a turning point in american history as the first armed rebellion against the fledgling u.s. government, it proved an important test of how far the federals would go to impose order. it also showed the limits of federal power in the face of a determined populist. >> the main lesson i take away from the whiskey rebellion which i think is still pertinent all the way up into the present day taxes assessed nonuniformly assessed unfairly irritate the people though are t

philadelphia and debate what form of government our new nation should have this is a big question alexander hamilton suggested that it was perhaps the first time in history that such a decision had been entrusted to people rather than to monarchs or other strong men. the constitutional convention was completely secret. indeed the windows were nailed shut to prevent people from hearing the proceedings. but once those 55 men got together and signed the document or at least 39 of them did and sent it out to the states. there was no more room for secrecy and thus began perhaps the greatest debate over government over democracy in the history of humanity. we're going to go back to that time to the summer of 1788. when people got together in all the states including here in virginia, and we're going to have two of the leading proponents and opponents of the constitution here with us to present their arguments on the pro side mr. james, madison of orange county. mr. harris a privilege to see you as always sir. the privilege is mine. and on the opposite side the so-called anti-federalist part of the debate.

alexander hamilton suggested that it was perhaps the first time in history that such a decision had been entrusted to people rather than to monarchs or other strongmen. the constitutional convention was completely secret. the windows were nailed shut to prevent people from hearing the proceedings. once those 55 men got together and signed the document, or at least 39 of them did, and sent it out to the states, there was no many room for secrecy and thus began perhaps the greatest debate over government, over democracy in the history of humanity. we're going to go back to that time to the summer of 1788 when people got together in all of the states, including here in virginia. and we're going to have two of the leading proponents and opponents of the constitution here with us to present their arguments. on the pro side, mr. james madison of orange county. >> mr. harris, a privilege to see you as always. >> sir, the privilege is mine on the opposite side, the antifederalist part of the debate, we have george mason of fairfax county. welcome, mr. mason. >> thank you very much. a pleasure to

. >> i think that they said that washington was a womanizer and a blasphemer and alexander hamilton wasn illegitimate son. [inaudible]. >> george washington was an illegitimate son. >> correct. he was the press of the 1780s, fake news has nothing on that for sure. >> so hamilton was born in africa. [laughter] no but hamilton was born in the islands right pretty. >> right pretty. [inaudible]. that kind of fact never got in the way right. the observation. another question, in the house deliberation, the election between jefferson and burke, was there any consideration given to the slavery issues, is a part of the negotiations about who to vote for. currently that card. >> to my knowledge, no. it is hard to believe in retrospect. slavery was not a dominant issue on the national scene. even by 1800, is really not until after the louisiana purchase the question of what is going to happen in the territories from then. missouri crisis is really the first time that it sought the national scene in a serious way. it is always there it in fact one of the debates. so by the 18 hundreds, it is not t

an alexander hamilton stevens letter that i a collection i was looking at. in the 1970s when i was working on my dissertation topic that i never finished and i went to the manhattanville college of the sacred heart. in in new york, which had a collection of alexander h stevens papers for some reason and that i think that was my first researching stop and that was probably the first thing that i looked at. about first civil war. first civil war boy i i looked at some miscellaneous letters that people had at the university of texas in austin my major professor barnes lathrop had a few examples of primary documents. those would have been the very first ones the first serious ones the first time i really immersed myself in civil war manuscripts with this southern historical collection. in chapel hill in 1980 when you're working on ramser when i was working on ramser, yeah. so i'm going to have quick follow-up up before but ashley jump in here. in the in the book you mentioned. our conversation with your mentor the barnes lather and he responded to i think it was

they had alexander hamilton review it, they got him to sign on that it was worthy, honorable project. and somewhere after alexander hamilton reviewed the language for that, other words were inserted not only to provide for the manhattan water company, water business, but also such other economic practices or businesses they felt appropriate. that was a seem the whole time to create a bank that was not created under other federal law. so manhattan bank was created. aaron burr and his partners let manhattan suffer without the water. so even back then in the late 1800's -- late 1700's and early 1800's, water was a big deal. electricity was be, obviously, not a big deal yet. but same thing. if you have to get things you need to subsist through another state or city, then there is always a possibility that you could be extorted. and we saw the brilliance of the founders back last summer when we had a democrat mayor that did not like the president of the united states. and some of us were wondering is she going to authorize washington, d.c. police to protect the white house itself? obviousl

. >> denise hamilton, kat cole and alexander carder, thank you all..com. >>> and we have a lot more, including the government announcing more than half of the adult population has received one dose of the covid-19 vaccine. as of today, all states opened their vaccine eligibility to all eligible adults. >>> a verdict in the murder trial of former officer derek chauvin could come this week. closing arguments are set to begin today. the prosecution and defense will make their final cases to the jury before it is sequestered for deliberations. >>> and russian officials said overnight that alexi navalny has been transferred to a hospital. the top putin critic is believed to develop kidney and heart problems to go along with back pain and numbness in his legs. the u.s. is saying that would be a bad idea to let him die. we'll be following that. stephanie ruhle picks up the coverage right now. >>> hi, there, i'm stephanie ruhle live at msnbc headquarters in new york city. it is monday, april 19th, and we start with breaking news out of minneapolis, minnesota.

judgment, and now we come to the judiciary, the least dangerous branch, as hamilton called, and the most dangerous branch as alexander bickel called it. in his view, the judiciary had been transformed beyond the framers's view. madison saw the bill of rights as an inspiration to the people that would promote self restraint and reason. he had initially opposed a bill of rights on two grounds, because it would be unnecessary or dangerous. unnecessary because the constitution itself is a bill of rights, and by granting congress only limited power, it would allow it to assume power over speech, because it had been granted power, and dangerous because madison assumed that because our rights were natural and came from god or nature and not government, they were so capricious that they could not be reduced to a single limited list and future citizens might wrongly assume that if a right was not written down, it wasn't protected. in the face of all opposition, a heroic anti federalist, george mason, randall, eldridge gary of massachusetts, madison changed his mind and came to endorse the bill of rights. when he wrote the bil

hamilton called it. and the most dangerous branch as alexander bickell called it because in bickell's view the judiciary had been transformed beyond the framers' view. madison saw the bill of rights as information to the people that would promote self-restraint and reason. remember he'd initially opposed it on two grounds, because it would be unnecessary and dangerous. unnecessary because the constitution itself is a bill of rights and by granting congress power would allow it to assume no power on and grant speech. and dangerous because madison assumed because our rights were natural and came from god or nature and not government they were so capacious they couldn't be reduced to a single limited list and future citizens might wrongly assume if a wright was not written down it was not protected. but in the face of opposition from heroic anti-federalist george mason and gary of massachusetts, i've learned to pedantically produce it gary mandderring rather than gerrymandering, he came to endorse the bill of rights. he cut and pasted them from the state constitution and bills of rights in the revolutionar

. >>> selected by president george washington in 1789, alexander hamilton served as the first secretary of the treasury until january 1795. n

the washington administration, alexander hamilton, the leader, developer of the federalist party, saw a different future, one more closely aligned to great britain. that really, not only set the tone for our first real political party evolution here. it set the tone for a lot of conflict that monroe had with a number of his contemporaries. i think he stayed very devoted to those principles. his affection for france was genuine and personal as well as philosophical. yes, ma'am. >> i'm not a native virginiian, so i'm surprised to hear that at one point monroe was governor for four terms when currently it's only one term. was this changed during this constitutional convention you mentioned in 1830? >> it wasn't changed then. the evolution of the governorship of virginia has had several periods, and when we look at it from the independence -- from 1776, our first constitution being separate from great britain, governors could be elected for one-year terms to which they were eligible for two subsequent elections. so a governor could serve -- some people call it a term of three years if the