when you look at alexander hamilton's view of smith and the report on manufacturers or report on public credit, these were landmark works of early political and economic thinking that were designed to build american institutions and shore up state capacity at a time when the nation is in its fledgling state, and the way that hamilton uses smith is he takes directly from the wealth of nations on things like the division of labor and where growth comes from in order to prove that a nation that shores up its power in domestic manufacturing and trade will be much more competitive than a nation that relies primarily on agriculture alone. that is a very different visual -- vision. if you compare alexander hamilton and the vision of what the federal government needs to take on, protectionism is a strong word but he is looking at an active federal government to boost american industry in order for the united states to be competitive on the global arena. that is very different from the free enterprise smith than what we heard and that audio clip where smith and jefferson are side-by-side, both l

refired, quorum requirements, but it's interesting argument because people like james madison, alexander hamilton, they were all for majority rule and if you think about the filibuster, it's the super majority saying you need 60, in the old days, needed 67 to proceed on certain types of business, so there's a kind of conflict between the concept, majortorianism. >> what is your job? >> i have a cool job, work with the constitution every day and run a blog, constitution daily. we've in in some form 10 years and i've been editor of the blog 8 1/2 years since i joined and we talk about history and constitutional topics and i kind of wrangler, and i write for it and do other stuff and involved with a lot of the digital work that we do. we're an extensive digital educational organization and live classes that we do and podcasts and videos and a lot of fun stuff. >> here at c-span we often turn to the national constitution center for its experts and scott bomboy, who is the editor in chief at the ncc joins us to talk about the filibuster. we appreciate your time. >> thank you. >> weekends on c-span2 ar

quorum requirements but it's an interesting argument because people likema james madison and alexander hamilton are all offered a majority rule and if youst think about the filibusted it's the super majority thing where you need to 60 end in the old days you needed 67 for certain types of business so there's this kind of conflict between the concept of the majoritarianism where they should rule in those cases but clearly the founders intended for congress to establish their own rules. >> what is your position as editor-in-chief of the national constitution center? >> i read a blog on constitution day that we had for about ten years. wewe have about 100,000 and we talk a lot about history and its constitutional topics and i kind of wrangle the products in bayreuth for it and do other stuff and i'm involved in a lot of the digital work that we do. we are in extensive digital education we have live classes and podcasts and videos. >> here at the c-span we often turn to the national constitution center for its experts. scott is the editor-in-chief and joins us to talk about the libuster. we appreci

but it's an interesting argument because people like james madison and alexander hamilton were all for the majority ruling and if you think about the filibuster it's the majority thing we need 60 and in the old days you need to 67 to proceed on certain types of business, so it is a kind of conflict between the concept of the majoritarianism where the majorityma should rule and in those cases but clearly the founders intended for congress to establish their own rules. >> nswhat is your position as editor-in-chief of the constitution? >> i get to work with the constitution every day. we have 500,000 and we talked about history and current constitutional topics and i kind of wrangle and do other stuff. i'm also involved in the digital work that we do. the digital education organizations that we have like a lot of classes we demand podcasts and a lot of fun

she was on the money side of alexander hamilton's family. so lana sawyer's family was working class, but they had deep roots in the city, and they had relations who are affluent and well connected. i think it wasn't just her economic circumstances that explained how the story developed, it was also in a considerable measure, the result of her own personality and her social skills. as it happened, she turned to be really good our recruiting allies when she got into court, she was clearly a very forceful an effective witness. we know this part of because of the way they spectators, it was packed with spectators, they stormed, they hissed, they clapped depending on how they responded to the attorneys and witnesses were saying. in the chapter in the book called gatekeepers, and now in order to mount a legal prosecution, there was a series of people in this case, in her case, being affluent over men they had the power to stop a claim that by not taking a seriously, or to give the momentum that putting their weight behind them. so, lanah sawyer's

i think alexander hamilton was blinded. or at least part of it. but i explain that in the book, how i came to think that. at that point, it took me a long time to find the original poughkeepsie newspaper because this newspaper, it hadn't been digitized and wasn't available. we had order the microphone and convince some people to send me the microphone and go and school through. so it's interesting how digitization changed that if you just heard the words into the google now, it is like that, the article pops up. i do the hard way. >> i'm gonna share my naivete, i don't have a computer, i like to read a great deal. how useful is wikipedia to a professional historian and the research? is it a starting point? you contributed to such volumes. >> i've been spent a lot of time on wikipedia. i have corrected a couple entries where i've noticed problems. wikipedia can be great, and then the problem is, you never know. evil has got to check things. the, there are other cool internet resources. my favorite is the freak art reference photo library. the museu

there's some quorum requirements but it's interesting argument because people like james madison, alexander hamilton, they were all for majority rule if you think about the filibuster it's the super majority saying you need 60 come in the old days you need 67 to proceed in certain typeson of business. this kind of conflict between the concept was called majoritarianism where the majority should rule, in most cases, but cleared the founders intended for congress to establish their own rules. >> what is your position as editor-in-chief of the national constitution center? >> i had a really cool job, and i get to work with the constitution everyday. and i run a blog called constitutional daily which we had a simple i think for about ten years. i'vend been the editor of that blog for the past they can have your sense of june. we have about 500,000 monthly readers and we talk a lot about history and some core constitutional topics. and a kind of wrangell or under the editor of products are right for it and to do other stuff. i'm also involved with a lot of digital work we do. we are an extensive digital

defended, by the way, by alexander hamilton and his artillery. they covered the retreat that was before alexander hamilton learned sing, by the way. but successfully they retreated into pennsylvania. and then of course, across the delaware in what nathaniel said at the time was god's redeeming provider. and as they fought and won the battle of trenton and the battle of princeton, princeton by the which the hessians had captured. and as one hessian officer said, really wonderful library in princeton. he said. and then they promptly burned it. we've seen some of that recently around here that attitude towards libraries. it's an extraordinary moment in in american in american history. this ragtag army facing the most disciplined and most successful army in world coming out of the seven years war. and and washington, its leader who actually though we know what a great commander he was today at the time his his greatest he of course, they captured boston. but by the time he got there, they were already surrounded the british were already surrounded in

i think alexander hamilton was behind it or at least part of it. but there's i explain that in the book how i came think that it but at that point it took me a long time to find the original poughkeepsie newspaper this poughkeepsie newspaper which is relatively obscure hadn't digitized and wasn't available. i had to order the microfilm and convince repository to send me microfilm and go and scroll through through. so it's interesting how digitization changes that now if you just type the words into the into google now that pops up. but that was i did it the hard way. yeah, i'm going to show my naivete i spent a lot of at home i don't have a computer and i like to read a great deal how useful is wikipedia to a professional historians research is it a starting point? is it if you contributed to such volumes? you know, i haven't spent lot of time on wikipedia. i corrected a couple entries as well. i've noticed problems across there. think, you know, wikipedia can be great. and then the problem is like you never. so you've always got to check things. y

every morning when i walk by that painting of alexander hamilton, i reflected on a quote from the musical, what is a legacy? it is building seeds in a garden you never get to see. this is our legacy. the opportunity to plant the seed to ensure democratic principles thrive in a growing financial system. thank you and i look forward to answering your questions today. >> thank you, mr. redbord. mr. levin, you're recognized. mr. levin: thank you. distinguished members of the committee, thank you for inviting me here today to testify in front of you. my name is jonathan levin, i'm one of the co-founders of changealysis. we're the world's leader in cryptocurrency investigative and compliance solutions. were our company, i spent a sumner shanghai. and at that time the chinese financial payment system was broken. i couldn't withdraw cash at the same bank when i went on a trip to beijing. in the past 15 years, however, china has made enormous progress when it comes to financial innovation and mobile payments. they are now looking to export their domestic systems internationally through the domesti

every morning when i walk by that painting them alexander hamilton, i reflected on a quote from lin-manuel miranda's musical. what is a legacy? it is building seeds in a garden you never get to see. this is our legacy. it's our opportunity to plant the seeds change or the democratic principles thrive in a growing financial system. thank you and i look forward to answering questions today. mr. >> thank, you mr. redbord. mr. levin, you are now recognized for five minutes. >>, chairman chairwoman, waters chairman himes, distinguished members of the committee, thank you for inviting me here today to testify in front of you. my name is jonathan levin, and i am one of the cofounders of -- glss's world leader in -- and compliance solutions. before glss, four years, ago i spent the summer in shanghai. and at that, time the chinese financial system was broken. i could not withdraw cash at the same bank when i went on a trip to berlin -- to beijing. in the past 50 years, however, china has made enormous progress when it comes to financial innovation, and mobile payments. they are now looking to expo

new york post twitter account, the oldest continuously published daily newspaper founded by alexander hamiltona lined up behind this concentration of corporate and technological power and censorship. will: is it your belief because of the actions twitter took against the new york post the other media outlets had rationalization or justification to ignore the story as well? was twitter the leader on that? >> i can't place which of them acted as the leader. it is like this complex of institutions that included twitter and facebook, shouldn't forget facebook's role, the mainstream left media, and also included a bunch of former deep state and national security types who falsely characterized this as russian disinformation and worked together to suppress the story and as you said to legitimate the suppression afterword knowing ultimately this was going to hold up and there was no hacking involved. pete: here's what you tweeted october 14, 2020. this is a big tech information cool, digital civil war. i, and editor at the new york post can't post one of our own stories the details corruption by a ma

justice story's view was an echo of alexander hamilton's father-in-law, senator philip schyler, who took the exact same position on behalf of the entire new york state senate one month after ratification of the constitution. for the first 140 years of the republic, there was not a single state court that invalidated on substantive grounds any congressional redistricting plan. mr. thompson: this court's decision the founders passed state legislatures with federal function that is transcend any substantive limitation sought to be imposed by the people of the state. i welcome the court's questions. >> counsel, this case is from a state supreme court that interpreted and applied state constitution. so it would be helpful if you would take some time to explain what exactly we are reviewing, what decision we are reviewing, and what is the basis of our jurisdiction. mr. thompson: yes, your honor. thank you. the court is reviewing the decision, there was an order on february 4 of the north carolina supreme court. it was accompanied 10 days later by a writted opinion. in that opinion there was a

i mentioned the benign prerogative as it was called by alexander hamilton.ust so happened he is from here. >> thank you, mike memoli. >>> southwest airlines, the nightmare could be resolving itself. the airline had plans to return to normal operations with minimal disruptions. so far, they have stuck to the promise with fewer than 50 cancellations within the u.s. a stark difference from the thousands of cancellations every day for the last week. the airline's problems are far from over because of what you are seeing there. thousands of customers still without their lost luggage and many needing reimbursement for canceled flights. here is pete buttigieg on southwest's responsibility to their passengers. >> we are going to be putting southwest airlines under a microscope in terms of their delivering these reimbursements and refunds to passengers. the airline said to me that they were going to go above and beyond what's required of them. i'm looking to make sure they actually do that. if they don't, we are in a position institute fines. >> joining me now, we ha

it's a federal function, and if weo back to the words of alexander hamilton, you look in, for purposes of judicial review, what's the commsi that this power is? the commission means mandate. that's how mu johnson defines commission. the mandate comes from the federal cotition. your honor, i'd like to go back to your eson about structure. you d ked me where are we getting this distinction betwe substance and procedure? i mentioned precedent, and i said there was a lawmaking nction in the text. i was getting to the structure. the structure is a familiar one. we obviously see the founders in cases like lessor taking that pre-existingta legislature and assigning a federal function to it, but we also see it in atcourts, state courts bound by state procedures. yet having exclusive federal question jurisdiction until 1875. so this was a structure that was understood bthfounders to take an existing entity with existing procedures, but to empower it to exercise federal authority. that's what we see. that's what joseph storey in 1820, when he rises and eloquently speaks twhy there can't be a lim

charlie: i have to say alexander hamilton only because i worked for the post and that's the post i thinks our first editor or something like that. >> cheryl: paulson was a great treasury secretary. charlie: here is the problem and i thought he did a good job under pressure. none of them saw the train coming at him. it was like once the crisis hit they were like running like chickens without their heads on. that's when i first got to know brian moynihan. brian moynihan at that point was a dark horse candidate to be bank of america ceo. there was other guys ahead of him and to replace ken lewis whose going to step down because bank of america had some real issues in terms of they almost went belly up like everybody else, ken lewis, not ken fisher, ken lewis was going to step down as the ceo but when he did and i broke the story that brian moynihan was going to be the ceo >> cheryl: can i ask you something else totally off topic right now. i guess we have to run, sorry. i was going to ask you about market performance anyway its just been a rough day. charlie: horrible today. >> cheryl: char

sorry, but i don't think there's a provision for that in the constitution i don't remember alexander hamiltonwriting in the federalist papers that the constitution should be the law of the land unless john adams' son posts a lithograph flyer of his genitals in faneuil hall interesting historical fact. john adams' son, john quincy adams, was also president. but later in life, they had a falling out. so john quincy adams had his name legally changed to -- >> johnny bananas. [ laughter and applause >> seth: there we go [ applause ] and i am certain that's the end of that. [ laughter ] these guys are desperate to find secret evidence of a hidden conspiracy on the laptop of the president's son. meanwhile, trump's out there admitting he stole classified documents from the white house and they're all like, so what? we all steal stuff from work what is it about the words "hunter biden's laptop" that drives right-wingers absolutely insane it's all they can think about. it's like that torture device they make bix wear in andor. they just hear those three words, and they lose their minds. also, side not

ultimately, when it comes down to it, we have to remember what alexander hamilton said in federalists78. which is that the judiciary is the least dangerous branch because it has neither personal -- or sword. unlike the executive or the congress. and that its power is in the public confidence and the faith in their adherence to rule of law. if they start to lose the public confidence, then we lose our rule of law. in fact, that's already happened. we've seen a historic drop in public confidence. if the american people can trust the independence of the judiciary or the decisions, the very foundations of our democracy are threatened. it's why i introduce hr 70 706. the judicial ethics and anti-corruption act. which bans federal judges from owning conflicted assets. in a number of other things. i know my time is expired so mister chairman, i yield back. >> thank you. next, the gentleman from wisconsin, mr. fitzgerald, recognized for five minutes. >> thank, you mister chair. to mr. paoletta. as many of my colleagues have noted, following a leak in the decision in the dobbs case, there was

as alexander hamilton wrote the scope of leglaveutrity is governed by the commission der which it is exercised. here that commission is contained in t uted states constitution and it is federal law allowed the place is substandardst restrictions on stateti legislatures performing the taskssned them by the federal constitution. the most prominent discussionf the elections clause in the early repuicccurred during massachusetts 1820 constuonal convention. joseph story a sitting justice on this cou elained a proposed constitutional amendmtequiring representatives to be elected in districts would vla the elections clause because the clause quote with unlimited discretion of the subject. just the stories he was an echo oflexander hamilton's father-in-law senator phillip skyler who took the exact same position on behalf of the entire new yor state senat just one moh after the ratification of the constutn and for the first 140 years of the republic there is n a single state court thatnvalidated on substandard grounds and a congressional redistrictg plan. theis court's decision teaches e foun

so we do have alexander hamilton and he signed alex hamilton. we don't often think of him as alex, but that's him signing. and all three of those, like i said, were at valley forge in may. of 1778. so one of the start out groups with talking about personnel related records before we jump into to some other specific documents, because those in itself are treasures. so these are some of our most popular civil war records used by historians, used by genealogist. and so i just give kind of a breakdown of civil war service. we have compiled service records, pension files, card of medical records for confederates, compiled service records, and then p.o.w. records. so the thing that's interesting is when we think of military and personnel, the first thing that pops up is kind of a personnel file. and then in modern terms, a discharge paper, which is a d to 14 today, there was no consolidated personnel file during the civil war for union or confederate. it didn't exist. that concept didn't exist. the u.s. army had been so small that they never a consoli

first militias formed after the passage of the constitution was a militia george washington and alexander hamiltonaised to put down a rebellion in rural pennsylvania. this idea that the founding fathers were preserving the right of individuals to rise up against them is just not based in reality. the idea was to be able to have a militia capability with armed citizens that could join that militia to protect and preserve the republic that they decided to put together. at the time of the founding of the country. you can argue otherwise but i think the founders would be pretty surprised to find out that they were protecting the right of revolution against george washington. >> tell us who you are. >> my name is skyler. not to go back to the beginning but we have known mass shootings in gun violence have been on the rise for a while, what made uvalde different? what made action finally happened? >> great question. i think uvalde stayed in the national conversation because of the failures of law enforcement and so my fear, my fear was a bunch of brown kids were killed, no one had a care the next day. w

was formed after the passage of the constitution was the militia that george washington and alexander hamiltonaised to put down a rebellion in rural pennsylvania so this idea that the founding fathers were preserving the right of individuals to rise up against them is not based in reality the idea was to to be able to have a militia capability with armed citizens that could join the militia to be able to protect and preserve the republic that they decided to put together at the time of the founding of the country. i think the founders could be pretty surprised to find out that they were protecting the right of the revolution against george washington. >> not to go back all the way to the beginning, but we've known mass shootings and gun violence have gone for a while. what made it different? >> great question. >> i think you faulty estate in the national conversation because of all the failures of law enforcement. i think you faulty estate in the national conversation because of all the failures of law enforcement. my fear was a bunch of kids were killed and no one's going to care the next day

that there has ever been, one of the main sort of plots behind the election of 1800 was from alexander hamilton. he had written to john j wants. it was clear that the new york electors were going to go republican. john jay, who had been in the first chief justice and was now the governor of new york because chief justice wasn't prestigious enough, he said, why don't we change the way the electors are reported? that way, we can swing them to the federalist case. jay just kind of put the letter to the side so he didn't have to acknowledge that it happened. the election could go ahead smoothly. all of these people knew each other. all of these people had very close relationships. thomas jefferson and john marshall were cousins. they despised each other, which was what a lot of the supreme court animosities were about for the first decade in particular. they were able to draw a distinction between partisan judges and super partisan judges. they knew the partisanship was there. they were just willing to accept it until they were so ridiculously partisan that jefferson try to get them kick out of the

time at, treasury every monday i walk past the secretary's office where there is a painting of alexander hamilton. that painting reminded me of what we are there to otect. a comex financial system filled with those challenges and opportunities. today, r financl system faces new and emging challenges. it is also filled with oppounity. adversaries and allies alike are exploring over the payment systems that may circumvent u.s. financial system, impacting the privacy of the u.s. dollar, the efficacy of u.s. sanctions, and thability of the u.s. to monit financial crime. , however are as non democratic regimes tes to build alternative paents rails through centralized government ute force, there is an alternative. we can enable the free market to innovate fast on soluons than incoorate them aquatic principles. one place is happeng today is a blk chain technology. we are already seeing block chain technology lead to more competitive markets, growing in the economy, and advanced national security. for instance, financial services such as stablecoins enable us to seamlessly send money between companies ro

one of the main sort of plots behind the election of 1800 was from alexander hamilton, who had written john jay. and it was clear that maybe the new york electors were going to go republican. and john jay, who, of course, had been the first chief justice, who was now the of new york, because chief justice was not prestigious enough, because the supreme court wasn't powerful enough. and he said, why don't we change the way the electors reported? and that way we can swing them to the federalist case and just kind of like put the letter to the side so that he didn't have to acknowledge that it happened so that the election could go ahead smoothly. but all of these people knew, each other and all of these people had very relationships. thomas jefferson and, john marshall were cousins. they despised each other, which was what a lot of the supreme court animosities were about for the first decade, in particular. but they were able to draw a distinction partizan judges and super partizan judges. and so they knew the partizanship was there. they just were to sort of like accept it until they w

guest: bill of rights day is really a commemoration of the idea that alexander hamilton said, here, theeople rule. the bill of rights is a statement about rights that individuals own. individuals have those rights and the government is not. it marks a bulwark of freedom. against your knee. when -- against tyranny. when they overthrown it, he wanted to replace it with a government. what happened over a number of years, the first 10 minutes of the constitution were adopted. in the bill of rights was established much later, it came about because on december 15 1791 the first 10 amendments were ratified. genia became the last state to ratify. at that point -- virginia became the last state to ratify. in 1941 on december 15 franklin delano roosevelt as president established the bill of rights day. host: what is the bill of rights into to where you work and its mission? and the importance of civics education on a day like today question mark -- today? guest: we teach civics. we are an organization that wants everyone in america especially young people to live out the ideas of a free and just

alexander hamilton, she knelt with george washington. that was the vessel beginning and interesting to note that on envelope -- envelope. 9/11. it was not broken, cracked, damaged whatsoever was st. paul's chapel where our nation was committed to god during that period in which all of the members of congress, the president and vice president adams, they were all there are participating in that time of prayer and committing this nation to god, to the almighty. on visiting there, i was informed that the grave yard that is right behind the chapel on the side facing the twin towers that when they fell, huge trees, sick more tree at the back of the cemetery was completely uprooted. but there, the proprietor, the care-taker said that tree fell across all those graves and not one gravestone was cracked, harmed in any way, not even the chapel, not even a window cracked. it was seeming to be a miracle the way that building where our nation was first committed to god was so very protected. amazing the history. and i know there have been civilizati

with no particular mall louse toward alexander hamilton in mind, i loosely suggested what about, perhaps, the ten-dollar bill. but alas little did i know, i was sitting across from the most recent person in america to finish ron chernow's gigantic newly released biography of "hamilton." this was the book that would go on to inspire the hit musical. richard shelby spent weeks eating up every single page, admiring hamilton's genius more and more with every chapter. so let's just say a few minutes later i was back at the drawing board. it's difficult to imagine the senate without richard shelby. but i'm not too concerned that the opposite will hold true. as much as richard has loved this institution and excelled in it, we know our colleague can imagine life beyond the senate just fine. it will -- there will be even more time to stay a student of history, even more time for duck hunting with good friends. the vision-year brainstorming for alabama and our nation won't stop. oh, no. but our friend will get to balance it out with a whole lot more time with his beloved annette, their two sons, a

i rarely disagree with alexander hamilton, but if you read the 68th federalist, where he justifies the electoral college, he just gets it wrong. actually, he doesn't so much get it wrong. history proved him wrong because the electoral college never worked in the way he described it. we have to realize the framers were a little suspicious of democracy. the only institution in our government, in 1787, that was popularly elected was the house of representatives. senators were elected by state legislatures until the 20th century. presidents were elected by the electoral college and of course supreme court and court judges were appointed by the president, confirmed by the senate. only popular election for the house of representatives. now, hamilton's concept for the electoral college was that it would be a sort of council of elders. when you read the 68th federalist, he doesn't even think about the electors being pledged to a particular candidate. he basically says the people of each state will elect wise people to come together to select the best qualified person for president. he used an

alexander voronishch. they can play not only with muscles, but also with their heads in what sport did lewis lewis hamiltoniathlon , the target diameter is smaller when shooting prone? champions league champions it seems to me on the left, look intellectually an entertaining show playing with a head on the belarus 24 tv channel . let's take the cots and let's do del according to the plan. i still remember it well that we didn't make it out of folding beds. now i understand. it would be interesting to him under the life of the dermal ones, but took it on the right. yes, i have some soul. i got my first one in 2014. here comes our first dog. and after the thing hmm, as if we understood, after all, it doesn’t happen enough and decided to get ourselves another one they will visit the dog food report, what is ease happiness when you fly with people, well, you land there, that's how you are, they squeak there, girls jump out like that. and this is the best, work as i envy you. here is happiness, only when my relatives, my friends and my dogs are healthy on our tv channel. the tv news agency starts the informatio

with no particular malice towards alexander hamilton i loosely suggested about what about perhaps the0-dollar bill? little did i know i was sitting across from the most recent person in america to finish ron and turanose gigantic new release biography of hamilton bird this was the book they would go on to inspire the hit musical in inspire a revival of hamilton. he spent weeks eating up every single page admiring hamilton as a genius more and more with every chapter. so, let's just say a few minutes later i was back at the drawing board. it's difficult to imagine the senate without richard shelby. but i am not too concerned the opposite will hold true. as much as richard has love this institution and excelled in it, we know our colleague can imagine life be on the senate just fine. there will be even more time to stay a student of history. even more time for duck hunting with good friends. visioning brainstorming for alabama and our nation won't stop, oh no. our friend will get some balance it out with a whole lot more time with his beloved and nets, their two sons, and their grandkid