it's at what is the hamilton and the alexander hamilton? the alexander hamilton courthouse, which is where the national museum of american is located in the lower manhattan. so you were all invited to pm. we have a few hundred people signed up and i want to say is i will be one of the speakers a very different kind of a talk perhaps and i'm going to give today and i need to cut this off but i wanted to make very aware of that special event and after all, one final point. ray halbritter, who is the nation representative that is the head of the united, he will also be giving a speech at that particular point about the relationship among native americans and lafayette. so i'm cutting it off. thank you very much. please join these activities. it's a very, very special time. and lafayette was a very, very person in the history, not only of france, but in the history of the united states. thank you. okay, great. thank you everyone. well, okay we do have time. we do have time to. field. a couple of questions and just add that new york is where it'

i am the executive director of the alexander hamilton society. i know we are running a little bit behind schedule but hopefully, you had some drinks and i spent some time trying to negotiate if we could get in but that did not go so well so although some of you -- it is actually a pretty neat trick. probably a little bit on the nose that we are doing this at the spy museum hit i swear it is a beautiful location with a lot to learn in the sea but nothing more than that. i want to tell you a little bit about the alexander hamilton society. our mission -- we are a not-for-profit, nonpartisan organization and our mission is to launch young men and women into the foreign policy national security world imbued with what we call hamiltonian values and i could >> philosophically, academically, politically. but fundamentally, it means a deep police in american exceptionalism, that we have a special role to play in the world command american leadership, support for american defense and free societies around the world is a core part and makes us safer, freer

>> let's go back to alexander hamilton. alexander hamilton believed in tariffs for 2 reasons, when he was setting up the treasury, there was no real revenue. terrace, up until world war i, tariffs where the main source of revenue. he believed in tariffs for general revenue, and to protect mason u.s. industry. i would add a third reason for tariffs , and it is negotiating. so, i think that given donald trump's credibility, and what he has done in the past on ty tariffs, we may not have to get to tariffs, but the threat of tariffs will change the quality and the fairness of a lot of historically poor trade deals. president trump, ambassador light hauser, are very focused on the trade deficit. they talk about that it is a function of bad trade agreements . and i think that the tariffs are one-way to remedy that. anyone with an economics background will also tell you that the trade deficit comes from our budget deficit, and from the level of the currency. so, there is this interaction and calculus between the three. i don't thi

alexander hamilton had quite the interesting role. so first he had been quite instrumental in undermining john adams election campaign. he had written a pamphlet, which is captured in the musical decrying adams character that he wasn't fit to be president and then kind of includes this little tacked bit at the end saying, but we actually have to vote for him because jefferson is pretty terrible. and while that may be didn't necessarily swing, a lot of people, it certainly had an impact in south carolina where charles pinckney, who was the other federal test candidate, lived and pinckney felt like he really had to back from that that pamphlet because he had pledged to support adams. he considered himself to be a man of honor. so that was the first big role that hamilton played in the election. once the election was, it turned out to be a tie. and thomas jefferson and aaron burr were tied at 73 electoral votes apiece. it was then thrown to the house of representative and neither candidate had secured enough of the state votes to win the

alexander hamilton had quite the interesting role. so first he had been quite instrumental in undermining john adams election campaign. he had written a pamphlet, which is captured in the musical decrying adams character that he wasn't fit to be president and then kind of includes this little tacked bit at the end saying, but we actually have to vote for him because jefferson is pretty terrible. and while that may be didn't necessarily swing, a lot of people, it certainly had an impact in south carolina where charles pinckney, who was the other federal test candidate, lived and pinckney felt like he really had to back from that that pamphlet because he had pledged to support adams. he considered himself to be a man of honor. so that was the first big role that hamilton played in the election. once the election was, it turned out to be a tie. and thomas jefferson and aaron burr were tied at 73 electoral votes apiece. it was then thrown to the house of representative and neither candidate had secured enough of the state votes to win the

we can see alexander hamilton described it in federalist 68. he talked about the electors needing to have wisdom, needing to have discernment, and convened to make a choice. they no longer make a choice because state law binds them to vote for the candidate of the party they represent. they really don't have a choice. it is a mathematical algorithm rather than a truly democratic process. host: i will ask a question, trent. carolyn laid out some of the arguments, some of the challenges we are facing presently. why shouldn't the process be based solely on a popular vote? something carolyn mentioned, someone who is not with one of the major parties, their vote doesn't count? your response? guest: people's votes count. if you vote for governor and your candidate loses, your vote still counts. if you vote for senator and your candidate loses, your vote still counts. if you vote for your state's presidential electors and the other slate of presidential electors wins, your vote still counts. it is a nonsense argument to say that you are not represente

think of alexander hamilton having the foresight to build the manufacturing capabilities of our new nation. think of lincoln and the transcontinental railroad. think of eisenhower and the interstate highway system, kennedy committing america to win the space race and spurring innovation across our society. from our earliest days, america's economic strength has been tied to our industrial strength, and the same is true today. so i will recommit the nation to global leadership in the sectors that will define the next century. we will invest in bio manufacturing and aerospace, remain dominant in ai and quantum computing, blockchain, and other emerging technologies, expand our lead in clean energy innovation and manufacturing. [applause] so the next generation of breakthroughs, from advanced batteries to geothermal, to advanced nuclear, are not just invented, but built here in america by american workers. [cheers and applause] and we will invest in the industries that for example made pittsburgh the steel city by offering tax credits for expanding good union jobs and steel and iron and manufa

and and and one of the things that really struck is there's a famous speech that alexander hamilton gave during the constitutional, where he, he argues for somebody who looks a little bit like a king as president, who will have a life position, be elected, but hold that position for life, but even alexander hamilton said during good behavior, which meant he could impeached and removed and prosecuted and that was a phrase commonly used in english law at that time. and so what i want to emphasize is not only all of these debates about ratification in the constitution, but all of the major legal treatises published by justices in america after. the revolution emphasized that presidents were not above the law, bounding the executive and, creating balance of power in general were key concerns of the revolutionaries. go ahead. so i'm going to just you two examples. these are texts that i'm familiar with for the last many years. they're my good friends. this one was written by st george tucker. he was a prominent virginian justice on the court of chancery here, and he was also a federal justice

think of alexander hamilton to build a manufacturing capability. think of lincoln and the transcontinentalai railroad. think of the highway system. committing america to win the spaceg race and storing innovation across society. from our earliest days, america's earliest economic has been ties throughout the industrial. the same is true today. i will recommit to global leadership in the sector for the next century. we will invest in bio manufacturing and remain dominant in a.i. and quantum computing, block chain and other emerging technology. ... we will invest in bio manufacturing and aerospace, remain dominant in ai and quantum computing, blockchain, and other emerging technologies, expand our lead in clean energy innovation and manufacturing. [applause] so the next generation of breakthroughs, from advanced but bill. and america buy american workers. [applause] and we will invest in the industry that, for example, made thees steel city by offering, fr standing good union jobs in steel and iron andke manufacturg communities like here in the valle

>> let's go back to alexander hamilton. he believed in terrorist for two reasons. when he was setting up the treasury, there was no real revenue, so tariffs, up until world war i, tariffs were the main source of revenue. he believes tariffs will generate revenue and to protect nascent u.s. industry. i would add a third reason for tariffs, and it is negotiating. so i think that, given donald trump's credibility and what he has done in the past on tariffs, that we may not have to get to tariffs, but the threat of tariffs will change the quality and the fairness of a lot of historically more trade deals. president trump was very focused on the trade deficit and they talk about a function of bad trade agreements, and i think tariffs are one way to remedy that. but i think anyone with an economics background will also tell you that the trade deficit comes from our budget deficit and from the level of the currency. there is this interaction and the calculus between the three, and i don't think -- i believe in a conservative agenda, tariffs do have a place, but i think th

writing april 17, alexander hamilton argues given the president the sole responsibility to pick a nominee would instill in the president a livelier sense of duty. to confirm a nominee when restraint the president choice. does not need to confirm all officers and fear officer with them sent advice and consent is a default method of appointment but not the only method the clause says congress may by law vest the appointment such inferior officers as they think proper the president alone in the courts of law or the heads of departments. if congress chooses to re-examine an existing senate confirmation requirement and there are hundreds of existing statutory positions do call for advice and consent supreme court precedent helps identify congress legal discretion in this regard. that precedent distinguishes officers from non- officers and principal officers from inferior officers. deciding whether an individual as an officer determines where the clause applies at all. an officer holds an office for .the court has said holding office notes a 10 year duration duties described in statute. contras

alexander hamilton.e alex hamilton on his oath. >> trevor plante has a theory about why one of his favorite documents looks so unique. >> this is a resolution passed by congress in early 1865. once it was ratified, it became the 13th amendment to the constitution. and if you notice on here, there's several different handwritings from the 13th amendment. so, we speculate that these clerks realized what a big deal this was at the time and literally wanted to have a hand in history. >> because the 13th amendment abolished slavery. >> abolished slavery in the united states, exactly. >> plante likes to say archives keeps the nation's receipts, and he means it, like the treaty for the louisiana purchase. >> it was four cents an acre, which was a pretty good deal since we doubled the size of the united states. >> signed by napoleon bonaparte himself. there's also the deed of gift that came with the statue of liberty from france in 1884. >> two years later it would be installed in new york harbor. >> and the che

alexander hamilton debating antifederalists asked to if judges should have lifetime appointments, andnstitutional process was such that he won that debate, and that is what we have now in our system, so it is a political process to make a determination as to if that should be changed, and in our democracy, people are engaging in that debate right now. geoff: the idea, as president biden has suggested, is that it is a good idea to have more consistency in the process and that 18 years, as he suggested, is a good approach. justice jackson: i am going to let the political process play out. people are engaged in this decision right now, and it will be interesting to see what we decide. geoff: the court's recent rulings on voting rights, reproductive rights, presidential immunity -- in your view, how have those rulings fundamentally changed the court? justice jackson: the court hears some of the most significant cases. that is the role of a court in our constitutional design. we take issues that are difficult because if they were not difficult, they would not make their way all the way to

writing in april 1788, alexander hamilton argued that giving the president the sole responsibility to pick a nominee would instill in the president a livelier sense of duty. giving the senate the sole power to then confirm a nominee would restrain the presidents choice. now the sudden it doesn't need to confirm officers and that's because the clause continues by recognizing a class of officers called inferior officers for whom senate advice and consent is the default but not the only method. clause says that -- of such inferior officers as they think proper and the president alone in the court's of law or in the heads of departments. if congress chooses to re- examine an existing senate confirmation requirement and there are hundreds of existing statutory positions that do call for advice and consent, supreme court precedent helps identify congresses legal discretion in this regard. that precedent distinguishes officers from non-officers and the principal officers from inferior officers. deciding whether an individual is an officer regards whether the clause applies at all. an officer

think of alexander hamilton having the foresight to build the manufacturing capabilities of our new neighbors lincoln and the transcontinental railroad. think of eisenhower and the interstate highway system. kennedy committing america to win the space race and spurring innovation across our society. from our earliest days america's economic strength has been tied to our industrial strength, and the same is true today. so i will recommit the nation to global leadership in the sectors that will define the next century. we will invest in biomanufacturing and aerospace, remain dominant in ai and quantum computing, blockchain and other emerging technology, expand our lead in clean energy innovation and manufacturing. so the next generation of breakthroughs from advanced

alexander hamilton was 21, and james madison 25. joe biden was founders, they were the gen z of their day. and when they were your age, they country. what the fuck have you done isn't perfect because it wasn't written by taylor swift. but made excruciating compromises obviously, slavery but slavery was a deal breaker for the southern states, so there would have been two countries and then to end slavery in north america it would have involved invading a sovereign nation instead of having the moral high ground of keeping a union together. would that have been better history is complicated and gen z reasoning is not they think they're pure, but they're really just simplistic. they know two things white people did some very bad things and no, that's it. that's all they did. >> that's what they knew i know that too. >> but i also know other things like how in 1776, slavery was a lot like flying private. today if you could afford to, you would have done it to everybody. did it of all races throughout history in the bible and all over the

to extraordinary prosperity and security not only three years, but for generations think of alexander hamilton having the foresight to build the manufacturing capabilities of our new nation think of lincoln and the trans transcontinental railroad think of eisenhower and the interstate highway system kennedy committing america to win the space race. and spring innovation across our society from our earliest days america's economic strength has been tied to our industrial strength and the same is true today so i will recommit the nation to global leadership in the sectors that will define the next century. >> we will invest in biomanufacturing and aerospace remain dominant in ai and quantum computing blockchain and other emerging technologies expand our lead in clean energy, innovation and manufacturing

if thomas jefferson, alexander hamilton, john j.nd george washington were rocking the streets of washington, d.c. today they would find it unrecognizable. most laws are really not laws made anymore through the branches of the congressional llama can process. they are rules -- congressional lawmaking process. they are rules written by bureaucrats in three letter agencies who were never elected to their positions but our writing fiats that effectively have the binding force of the rule of law. i believe this is the central cancer at the heart of the american soul today. i believe that this is the greatest threat to our own sovereignty, not some threat abroad, but a threat that begins right here at home. the people we elect to run the government are no longer the one to actually run the government. and the good news is we live in an era where we have had an unprecedented opportunity to actually take that on in the wake of supreme court decisions that have come on high in the last three years, starting from west virginia versus epa in 2

what would the founders do, alexander hamilton, americans, and founding father, rediscovering georgebrought my copy of my book that my wife gave me shortly after 9/11, in 2001. he has-- his writings have appeared in the new yorker, the new york times, the wall street journal, the atlantic monthly, time and "vanity fair." he's currently a senior editor of national review and a senior fellow at the national review institute. this evening, the podium stands near that place in which we invest emotions, in the words of our speaker bus winston churchill was admitted to hereditary membership and society, and representing a revolutionary war officer who was ascended through his american mother. ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming richard brookhiser to the podium. [applause] >> thank you for that introduction. thank you for coming out. i'm a repeater here. 25 years ago i'd filmed a scene from a documentary for a film my michael pack which was recovering george washington and we did a scene from washington's favorite play, kato, and we used this to illustrate the moment at newbur

that has existed since the beginning of the court the idea that judges have the things that alexander hamilton, for example, talked about, and i talked about this in the book a little bit, is that the judiciary would not be the most dangerous branch. in fact, it would be the least dangerous branch in part because it was constrained in certain ways. and one of them is by understanding that when you get an issue, you're not looking at it cold if years from now, the composition of the court were to change it substantially. and the issue of women's reproductive rights and abortion came back up. would it be appropriate for the court to revisit and perhaps even overturned the dobbs decision oh, i'm not going to predict what would happen in the future i can't say whether or not it's appropriate in the abstract part of the reason. >> i'm asking these questions is in this moment. >> so many americans are looking at the court. they see 6-3 decisions being handed down along. what seems to be ideological lines. do you have concerns about that perception that the public might think that legal differences a

amendment -- in support of my amendment actually doesn't come from me, it's going to come from alexander hamilton, who described in federalist 75 the treaty making powers of the executive. he states, its objects are contracts with foreign nations, which have the force of law. but derive it from the obligations of good faith. and this is the most important part. they are not rules prescribed by the sovereign to the subject, but agreements between sovereign and sovereign. the power in question seems therefore to form a distinct department and to belong properly neither to the legislative nor the executive. the qualities elsewhere detailed as indispensable in the management of foreign negotiations point out the executive as the most fit agent in those transactions. while the vast importance of the trust and the operation of treaties as laws plead strongly for the participation of the whole or a portion of the legislative body in the office of making them. so what's he saying here? he's saying you can't make laws, domestic laws, using a treaty. treaties can't bind the united states to declare war. tr

hamilton alexander hamilton, the secretary of treasury at the said the treaty is not in effect because, to quote the great words of lin-manuel miranda, the person with whom we signed its head, is in a basket. and he was he correct about the head? i'm not sure he was correct about. the legal interpretation, because that's a little bit fuzzier. but the treaty had been signed between king and between the american government and the king was obviously no longer live because. the french revolution had taken a very bloody turn. so what jeanine was basically saying was, you are obligated to come to our aid by this treaty and americans were saying, no, we're not. this was complicated by the use of privateers. are there any west wing fans in the audience wonderful so one of the all time best is the privateer episode in which abigail bartlett's membership at the da is questioned her ancestor was a privateer and some of the people thought that her ancestor was the pirate. it's fantastic for anyone who hasn't seen it. i highly recommend privateers used by every power that was engaged any sort of c

and so you see james madison writing letters to thomas and back and forth and alexander hamilton is operating kind of as the campaign manager for john jay's effort to become governor. new york and the other thing that didn't occur to me i studied this was being the governor of new york was more important, being the chief justice of the united states at the time, john jay was the chief justice and he was to give up that job to governor of new york. we wouldn't think of the trade today but federalism being what it was states being important being. the governor of new york was a really big deal and the particular details of the dispute we could discuss there not important. what's important is both had a plausible claim to the validity of the disputed ballots and the ballots in dispute were from cooperstown, new york if any of you are baseball fans. there was no baseball hall of fame back then, but it was that town and there was some ugly things going on in that town people are accusing the local leaders of partizanship and again the founders didn't want political parties right that they write th

if you read federalist number one by alexander hamilton, he said what we needed to fear was politicians pandering to the emotions of the crowd and end up as tyrants violating the freedoms and liberties of the people which is why i said at the second impeachment trial donald trump does not know a lot about the founders but they knew a lot about him and they really did. >> one last question. rep. raskin: we could take a few more. some of these people are my constituents. i don't want to offend them. >> that's right. >> i am from the school of foreign service. indonesia is the third largest democracy and we looked up countries like -- we look up to countries like the united states when it comes to democratic practices. but when we are seeing the democratic ideals in the united states filled with lies, political violence and other atrocities, what kind of signal does that send about american democrat leadership in the world? rep. raskin: what do you think? it sounds like you have a thought on that. >> i just thought that democracy should be -- there is no single template. for democracy it s