alexander ii alexander iii uh, these are the reforms this is the year, respectively, the thousand and sixties of the 18th and 19th centuries, when such specialized universities begin to appear, including technical and, well, specifically, as it were , financial universities, eh, hardly, but here are the faculties that, uh, trained financiers, this is , uh, just uh, according to the reform of the russian education, and the last question from this group, numismatists are hunting for tsarist rubles and kopecks. yes, now what is considered? which coin is considered the most valuable you know it's hard to say why, because uh, well, how would there be different coins in different periods , yes? well, for example, i'll tell you the nikolaevsky ruble of 1915, because this is the last coinage. and like this, yes, and uh, this is just that, uh, that means the gold reserve that left, yes, this is a rarity or or yes, here is the petrovsky ruble of 1704, it is also very much in demand, this is expensive. uh, currency, then you know also such different coordinating rubles, uh, that is, this is a limited series, yes, as now the most valuable imitated series. well , don’t call me yet, and they say what it means, uh, some foreign coins, they yes, as it were , too, that went here, but in a small amount they are, then you are not fond of either. i'm not fond of, but i have one coin. e with me, which i found myself, e being. saraiberka, but they said there were no treasures, berke barn is the capital of the golden horde of the period. she's already half-grown really. and this is akhtuba, this is the lower volga, uh, from it. actually, there was nothing left, because these were nomads and the capital was semi-nomadic, but there were, but there yes it is, the volgograd region, but there were fairs. eh, this capital was carried out for about ninety years, and it was a rich city and there were different, so to speak, coins, including these arab diets, with the connection of this arab one, too, small silver coins. they are not such cool shapes. well, actually, it's a small coin. it's like there's no penny, a year. what year is an example? well, well, age, well, it's somewhere, uh, i'll tell you now. it's probably, uh, fifteenth century. yes, somewhere like that, yes, and i, uh, and you see, these coins. they were pushed out . the earth pushes them out. you don't have to dig them out, but that's what was lost, and after the rain, uh , there, apparently, there is some kind of soil there, uh, that means coins. they turn out to raise tourism in the volgograd region, dear our television, audio and e, other listeners and even readers sometimes, but we go, we take shovels, we take equipment and we go to the volgograd region to dig money is protected archaeologically where are we going, like how who needs tourist? i think we should organize a competition among the governors to find some coin and thereby increase tourism. i recently heard a story. eh, so this is in the crimea e. in yalta, a certain musician who sings on the embankment in the evening. and his spa day. what are you doing? who are you? he works as a lifeguard and in his spare time and time he walks along the beach as a shift seeker and looks for the lost rings. e chains, that is, it’s still easier to play modern as carelessness. ease attitude to money, yes, again, here's easy money than, uh, trying to find, yes, your rings, including engagement rings. this is an easy money podcast, and i'm its host mikhail khanov today my guest is professor alexander doctor of economic sciences, let's move on to vita yes, that's the famous reform, when the gold standard was first adopted in russia , it was the first data. if we omit those very times when it was made directly from metal, that is, for the first time, it looked and he then was who the minister was, the minister was the minister of finance. yes, actually engaged in their direct professional duties. he proposed and carried out the actual reform. here they are let's talk what it was for russia that's why all of a sudden why suddenly it became such a necessity, what year was considered the first reform of 1893? uh-huh uh, it's like no reform began a little later, this is the ninety-seventh year, yes, but it looks like minina's finances. he, uh, came to this post in 93, and he came with a program. uh, he came with a development program - this is a modernization program, a program for the industrialization of the country, and, of course, investments were needed for this program, but he, uh