so when you were in alford can american and tried to to cast about to vote for republican the south you might be intimidated from showing up at the polls. you might actually defend your right to vote as a black man having won the right with the 1h amendment. i could talk back you might be arrested for anything. so that is just one small slice of the effort to criminalize black freedom which meant what? i met people would prosecuted for crimes and sometimes in a prison fine or in the traditional prison. that all produce data. in that data accumulated so much so that by the 1890 census was really the first census where an entire cohort of african-americans were sort of measured against another imagine previous generation that people said well, black people have been enslaved, they are kind of dangerous damaged goods pretty can't really tell what they're capable of because they had been enslaved in the proslavery people believed black people were not capable of self-governance. so no longer plays, they're going to backslide in some kind of savagery. they say no, no, no it's an abomination