i know alfred pong is a very distinguished engineer. and i understand that this is an example of what i write about in the last segment of my book. i think there will be some opportunities for breakthroughs. on the other hand, maybe into my three year old grandchild. so we need to think about how we handle these things in a very broad way. i have no doubt that it can be done. in congress, where i testified was that we need a dollar a phone fee on every phone for five years. that will provide us with the amount of money that we need to train engineers and scientists to do the work that has to be done, and that is why i'm excited talking about it here at the school of foreign service because i think this issue cuts across every nation. it really does. it's one that gets to the core of what we are as a people in terms of how we use science for public policy. and do we wait until we have definitive proof like we do with tobacco or do we act? i think we need massive funding for training and research. there are some champions champions on the