alliance. the foreign minister had resigned, along with some folks. in that respect, we have come a long way. the second thing i want to say is the term architects applied to us frankly i think is incorrect. the architects are ronald reagan , both bush presidencies, joe biden. on the japanese side, prime minister nakasone. prime minister abe. and most recently mr. kishida. we are i think a craftsman. we are carpenters, electricians. we fill in the blanks for the architects. i am so happy to see not only so many of the older craftsman, but so many younger ones coming up who will take the place of us who have gone before. and we have got a lot of folks. jenny, chris, jeff, who asked a question earlier. zach cooper. two of my colleagues in my company. we have i think a rich future to look forward to. finally, i will say i love being with ryozo kato and i never tire of telling people that ryozo, along with hanao, are the best if the have ever met. i didn't say japanese diplomats, i said diplomat, a

alliance. as the chair of the national intelligence council, as well as former secretary for international security affairs, then he went on to the state department to serve -- we also have with us ambassador schieff er, a proud texas native. he played a pivotal role in ensuring seamless coordination during tense moments including operation iraqi freedom. lastly we have ambassador umemoto, the true craftsman from the ministry of foreign affairs. currently [inaudible] key role including the [inaudible] north american affairs as well as director general for the north american affairs. i wanted to announce myself, and grace park, the director of japan policy at the pentagon. having been on this alliance for some time, it brings me into an incredible moment in which we have just had the japan two plus two meeting in which we announced all the things ambassador emanuel mentioned this morning. looking forward, it's kind of like, what are we doing here? what is the point of all of these incredible ann

alliance into a nuclear-based alliance in a name and substance. we reconfirmed our common goal of the complete denuclearization of north korea, and based of historic -- on distort joint guidelines, we continue to strengthen deterrence. the u.s. reconfirmed the strong commitment to 2 military capabilities to provide extensive deterrence to the republic of korea. we confirmed that the scope of the mutual defense treaty applies to space and cyber domains and agreed to strengthening cooperation in space and cyber domains. to respond to new challenges, including global supply chain crises and technology competition, we concurred that we need to evolve into a science and technology alliance, and agreed to strengthen cooperation in defense industry and defense science and technology. we concurred on the importance of opposing rules-based international order in the region and on enhancing cooperation with other value-sharing countries. in particular, we agreed to strengthen r.o.k.-u.s.-japan security cooperation, and based on our indo pacific strategies,

it was a controversial move, but it kept the alliance together. with bar code to nato allies have chosen a safe pair of hands. he's got a reputation as a fragmatic deal maker and a track record of consensus building trades that will probably help him to take on the challenges the alliance is facing. it's not going to be a walk in the park. why not doing? jessica tells me she's served 13 years as a spokesperson under to natal cheats under folk. russell some enhanced, open back. this was on the 1st day when we were going to the press conference. and we had what, so we had worked on his $100.00 days plan. don't just confess. increasing defense spending across the alliance will be one of the most crucial issues router will need to tackle. it's not being easy for the netherlands on the history the ship to reach the nato benchmark of investing at least 2 percent of gdp in defense. but of course, it's clear that with the current um uh, very robust, defense plans that nato has. the nato allies will need to invest more than 2 percent in defense, and that's

but the main goals are a ceasefire, weakening the russian-chinese alliance.o pull russia out of the alliance with china, this will not harm ukraine in any way, and for russia it will be a good carrot. i think that territories will also be discussed, because, you know, even in a good deal, not everyone likes 100% of the deal. but that is the price of peace, not everyone will be happy with all aspects of that price. but i can imagine a situation in which a ceasefire is also in ukraine's interests. let's rewind. here we are looking at the beginning. maybe june 22 zelensky was ready to make a deal back then before boris johnson, who had his own domestic problems, came to persuade zelensky to keep fighting, and this is connected to the fact that when a country is required to pay for its own security, then they have a moral problem of accepting themselves risks, bad risks, because they don't bear the full burden of taking those risks. if tens of thousands of ukrainian lives were lost, so the idea that ukraine benefited from not having agreed back then is a lie, and

if you want to make it close to home, you have to work with alliances and allies in that alliance. on the korea front, the korean trilat, i wonder if the security side should be institutionalized to the point it has a three to four year work product -- am i not doing this right? >> is that on? >> the last person you want to ask is the guy with -- motor skills. amb. emanuel: back to me is the key piece. you have to continue to lay down. we talked about what we should do in that area. amb. emanuel: the philippines has been an extraordinary opportunity. >> i lost track, i think japan is giving 17 or 19 separate coast guard ships. we look at the indo pacific and south china sea, that's a huge investment in the philippines. this is a big opportunity. amb. emanuel: sustaining the many lateral. >> i would like to invite our audience. we have a few minutes. we seem to have a bashful group. adam? >> i wasn't sure whether i should wait for the mic. adam with indiana university. [laughter] that's the magic touch. one of the themes of the conversation today is not just looking at what's happen

it was a controversial move, but it's kept the alliance together. with bar code to nato allies have chosen a safe pair of hands. he's got a reputation as a truck, magic deal maker, and a track record of consensus building trades that will probably help him to take on the challenges the alliance is facing. it's not going to be a walk in the park. why not doing? jessica tells me. she's served 13 years as a spokesperson under to natal cheats. i'm those folk, russell son anne stoughton. back. this was on the 1st day when we were going to the press conference and we had what so we had worked on his 100 days plan. don't just confess. increasing defense spending across the alliance will be one of the most crucial issues. router will need to tackle it's not being easy for the netherlands under his leadership to reach the nato benchmark of investing at least 2 percent of g d, p in defense. but of course, it's clear that with the current um, a very robust defense plans that nato has a nato allies will need to invest more than 2 percent in defense. and that's

navy certification to maintain, repair relationships and help alliance, of alliance resilient. if necessary, prevail. third and finally my continuing to advance ties with regional allies especially historical gross of acute cooperation the united states. the share of information in bold responses just like last night. ... >> as you know, we now assess that north korea has said around 10,000 of its soldiers to train in eastern russia. and as the secretary of state put out our most recent information indicates about 8000 of those soldiers are now in the kursk region. would not set yet seen these soldiers deployed against ukraine's forcibly we expect these north korean soldiers will join the fight against ukraine in the coming days. our assessment is that putin's forces have trained these north korean soldiers in artillery operations, uav operations and basic infantry operations including -- the kremlin has provided these dprk troops with russian uniforms and equipment. that indicates russia intends to use these foreign forces in frontline operations in this war of choice against

potkovenko, today jens stoltenberg is leaving his post as secretary general. of the north atlantic alliance and is handing over his powers to the former prime minister of the netherlands mark rutte, while the rhetoric about the continuity of nato policy, including in relation to our country, remains, we will discuss these and other significant international issues with alexander takavinin, ambassador of the russian federation to the kingdom of belgium, now in touch with the fifth studio, alexander avriilevich, i greet you, good morning! so stoltenberg summed up - summed up - 10 years of his work, he wrote an article, this article itself, it is entitled as a reflection on the decisive decade as nato secretary general, that's exactly how it sounds, and he called this period the most important for the alliance since the cold war, not much, not little, that's how you would sum up the work of jens stoltenberg, well, first of all, nato. it's an intergovernmental organization, where, as in any such structure, decisions are made by member countries, and the secretary general is a high -level offici

they said that they had formed an alliance and they were working against new yorkers, that alliances macdougall saw only to advance. and this proof of that and he made some sort of derogate trademark remarks against them and a lot against cold and and this broadside causes massive upset in the assembly called and it really and they start this campaign to try and identify and imprison and charge the author because they don't who it is and mcdougal doesn't confess it was me but they started this campaign to and find some of the interview people the interview printer with someone called james parker parker then eventually they find that it was mcdougal. so they throw him in jail on what charge? seditious libel. seditious libel. colon. then against the two lances. so. mcdougal is like, oh, i'm going to die here. he's in jail. he just keeps writing. he keeps writing. he keeps writing. he's in the press mobilizing support he's portrayed and depicts himself as a martyr. he is the wealth of america. he takes advantage of the political feeling toward john wilkes, who is imprisoned in britain

most of the countries of the alliance, literally almost... all countries today do not pay and do not provide 2% of their gdp for the defense of their countries, which is actually a condition of being in nato, so most nato countries do not fulfill their basic obligation, which is necessary for being in the organization. specifically, germany is very much profiting off the united states of america, and no, i am not going to throw a tantrum here. in this case, we should not support our allies and provide them with protection, no, that is not what i am talking about at all, i just want to say that you should pay for it, pay your share, a, because we don't have much money to spare ourselves, b, it will show us that you have a vested interest in protecting yourself, which, by the way, will make countries much more prudent about the risks of a possible war, when someone else is paying for everything and providing guarantees of protection, then hey, maybe it's worth taking a risk and seeing what this war will give us, instead of this way... the unite

they said that they had formed an alliance and they were working against new yorkers, that alliancesdougall saw only to advance. and this proof of that and he made some sort of it is derogatory remarks. this caused a massive uptick. they start this company to identify and imprison officer the them and eventually they find that it wasn't and they are going to jail. he would do and them as a marker. and they were in great britain o. the third and lord bute, who's prime minister to the mcdougal of the wealth of ... he could see him. they would bring 45 pints, 45 people would come and sing to them. 45 almost anything. he was there. he would keep writing and keep writing and keep writing. andus eventually because james parker dies, mcdougal gets off and is not charged. but by being imprisoned, authoring all of these essays, he mobilizes a a coherent populr opposition to the dances. this happens in 1770. so mcdougal comes out, he saying that i a liberty boy. i'm a member ofns the sons of liberty. they're saying thehe same thing. to group truly formed in new york, and those groups remain in

i'm deeply honored to serve a secretary general of nato, the most successful political military alliance in history. but natural allies face sir your senators, and we have work to do at the washington summit, l. i set a clear course to worth a safer world for the 1000000000 people. be sure. now it is my job to ensure that we collectively implemented these positions and continue to at depth our alliance to a more complex world. all sorts to allies have their unique role to play and there's nothing we can not achieve to get. i have 3 priorities. i assure we have to get the abilities to protect against any sweat support ukraine is fighting back against russian aggression. and addressing the growing global challenges to you. oh, atlantic security. first on our military capabilities, nato's core mission is to ensure our collect 50 turns in defense. over the past decade, we have made tremendous progress in ensuring we have to force isn't capabilities to deter and defends against any threats from any direction. but you must go further and faster to meet the enormous channels that we need. more

, the pan alliance and all this where the native tribes. did they ever have a sense of unity before then? i don't know. coming together for whatever reason or this is first of its kind where they're coming together as a unity and having to defend their lands and their way of life. so i don't want to overgeneralize because there there certainly are moments people come together for different reasons. right. and. there's there's kind of there can be these moments of having an ambassador that can be exchanged in in towns and stuff. but generally speaking, you are either a member of a community or, you are an outsider. and you know, there were certainly ways to facilitate alliances, not necessarily this kind of again, the difference here is, is finding unity as a as a people. right. distinctive and different from this other group of people. so it makes sense. okay. other questions. thank you all for your time. attention and participation.

, the pan alliance and all this where the native tribes. did they ever have a sense of unity before then? i don't know. coming together for whatever reason or this is first of its kind where they're coming together as a unity and having to defend their lands and their way of life. so i don't want to overgeneralize because there there certainly are moments people come together for different reasons. right. and. there's there's kind of there can be these moments of having an ambassador that can be exchanged in in towns and stuff. but generally speaking, you are either a member of a community or, you are an outsider. and you know, there were certainly ways to facilitate alliances, not necessarily this kind of again, the difference here is, is finding unity as a as a people. right. distinctive and different from this other group of people. so it makes sense. okay. other questions. thank you all for your time. attention and participation.

>> before the alliance and because of the settlers encroaching upon the tribal lands, before the alliance, did they ever have a sense of unity before then ? the first of its kind coming together as unity and having to defend their way of life. >> i don't want to overgeneralize. there are moments were people come together for different reasons. there's kind of, there can be these moments of having an ambassador that can be exchanged in towns and stuff generally speaking, you are either a member of x community or an outsider. there were ways to facilitate alliances but not necessarily this kind of, again, the difference here is finding unity as a people distinctive and different from this other group of people does that make sense ? any other questions ? thank you for your participation. >> if you are enjoying american history tv sign up for newsletter using the qr code on the screen. to receive weekly highlights of upcoming programs like lectures in history, american artifacts, the presidency and the more. sign up for the newsletter today and be sure to watch american history tv every week

it has shown something else, nato is the indispensable alliance. in the months to come, i hope europeans will remember america is indispensable for us, and i hope the americans remember your allies are indispensable to you. we are more than just other countries in the world. we are partners. we are friends. the choice on november 5 is only america's choice to make. but we as europeans have a choice too. we have the choice to do our part, to be unwavering in our support for ukraine, to invest in our common security, to invest in our shared future. and as you have done, sir, to stand by the transatlantic alliance no matter what. mr. president come up when i visited you in the oval office a year ago on october 6, just a few hours before thomas' brutal attack on israel, we spoke about the middle east. we spoke about ukraine and russia. at the end, i will never forget, at the end of our conversation, you went to your desk and handed me a speech of yours. not on foreign policy but on the issue that you care most about and that you worry most about, about

the chickasaw kind of fall out of the alliance. so, that was a bummer, for sure. and then other things happen further. raise your hand if you have heard of napoleon. yes, right. so, he started doing things around this time in europe. the spanish responded by saying, well, we were here for you and cared very much about this thing that you had going on and saw how it could benefit us, and so we were in support of it. turns out we got this other thing going on over here now. it is kind of a big deal and we, in fact, need to funnel all of our resources over here and -- so sorry. we cannot help any longer. you know what would be a good idea? in fact, we have thought about it. you should just, you know, sign peace treaties with those americans. they are probably good people after all. i do not know. anyway, we have to go. goodbye. so, without any sort of support, the guns, the ammunition, the things that you need, right, in order to prosecute a war, what do you do? you sign peace treaties. absolutely, yes, because -- you tried. so, this happens and it will not be univer

he is the project leader for the data. for governance alliance at the institute for justice and reconciliation and to discuss the successful armed resistance against the deposed apartite regime in south africa. we have contacted seth masiburko, he is a south african anti-apartite veteran and the leader of the 16th june 1976 students march in south africa. you're watching africa today under mubaruck kenya. stay tuned. mali is a west african country with one of the most famous civilizations in africa. during the 15th and 16th centuries, timbuktu, located in mali, served as major intellectual hub of islamic civilization. goldrich mali fell under french colonial. rule in 1892, the people of mali struggled for freedom, and eventually the french colonial rulers were compelled to leave the country in 1960. mali's independence day, also known as republic day, is celebrated on the 22nd of september every year. moribo keita became the first president of the newly declared independent nation of mali. he was socialist who stood for the independence of african nations from their colonial masters. and peace

so this is not an alliance. the way that the nato alliance is, this is a partner partnership of cooperation. this is a group of 4 countries as use the cranks. it's very important to call them what they are. the cranks lumped them together that are cooperating to over throw. essentially what, what the western democracies have built up over the past 75 years. we've got to come to the common goal in a moment, but 1st in these very disparate group who needs who most as well. that's an interesting question. so at this juncture, china, of course, is the biggest, the most powerful of the countries. it's also um, its driving a lot of what's happening. the relationship now between china and russia is, is a subservient relationship. but russia is far more desperate than mr. clinton is one to let on. they've lost a we don't know exactly how many russian soldiers have been killed, but uh well over a 100000 and something so say hundreds of thousands. and so the russians are very desperate at this juncture, as well as you're

now we all know that ukraine is backed by the us led nato military alliance. in his independence day address this year, president goita said security is a priority. the security issue is today the priority concern of the marian people. this year, our national holiday is celebrated in a context marked by the major strategic operation to retake our land led by the farmer and aimed at restoring the territorial integrity of the country and definitively ridding it of the terrorist threat. now do you think western imperialist powers are involved in undermining mali security to overthrow the population. government of president goita, it's it's plausible to suggest that some western powers, particularly those aligned with the us lead nato military alliance are uncomfortable with mali's shift towards asseting its independence and moving away from western influence. i think we all know that mari ever since the coup has pivoted its relations to be so close to russia and this action is not ' have been taken well by the by the western powers. last july, the leaders of mali

, in terms of alliances, what is it for ukraine, where, to which alliance will it aspire then?his obviously puts the prospect of ukraine's nato membership on the back burner, since if trump is questioning his commitments to current members of the alliance, it is unlikely will he be ready to open the doors of the alliance for new countries, especially countries that... are currently at war with other states, that is, it is obvious that for ukraine , ukraine will be forced to look for some new goals, to set new strategic tasks for itself, which ... which would go further and help her establish the possibility on a bilateral basis to seek some agreements on security issues or to knock on the door of the alliance. the vice presidential debate, we had tim walls, the governor of minnesota, and jd vance, the senator from zogaio, that the democratic candidate for the vice presidency and the republican candidate for the vice presidency. the presidency about ukraine and about russia's war against ukraine was not mentioned at all during the vice-presidential debate, why ukraine, even the

these countries, which are in an alliance, pose a real threat to the united states. but if the discussion of whose territories are, given those that are currently occupied, is conditional on the requirement that russia remove its military presence in the western hemisphere. people have forgotten about this. cuba, venezuela, nicaragua, we do not want a russian military presence in the western hemisphere, that would also be a victory for the united states. no more joint military exercises with china off the coast of the aliud islands. this is what the united states needs to protect the west: remove russia from the western hemisphere, certainly from the north american periphery, and ensure that russia is no longer in a military alliance with china. in return, we can give russia what is important to russia. we, in order to achieve peace ending. further than what has historically been guaranteed by america. all this, in my opinion, would be adequate a deal that gives each side what it wants, that immediately leads to peace, that leads to greater stability, and most import

, we must enter the alliance, but also because we are commensurate, we are comparable, we are mutuallypatible and so on, including in the political plan, you know, probably until now and respect reagan and consider him a legend as and margaret thatcher, because they were politicians who found ways to, say, collapse the ussr without a lot of blood, well, there was the blood of georgia, they killed the baltic countries there, well that. but actually it was such moves, when they agreed somewhere there with the saudis, somewhere they collapsed something, somewhere oil, well, that is, it is possible that there are big politicians for that, i am not saying that this will never happen, i am working on it every day if it happened, i am not talking about you, i am talking about westerners, that there may also be some person who will come up with a way to enter history in such a way that even this one does not expect, we will not be the one, well, i am convinced that we must succeed, because we do not have any other. stable, sustainable, long-term guarantee, safe, except for our membership in th

should focus on both you know the economic alliance and how to convent the sanctions also the matter of ai and in the border of view may be like strategic alliance in the future in this regard despite yes i know and i said before there are three battlefields in the world now that is like the l pain of. older one here with gaza and gaza and lebanon and you will lose 100% and we we we we are we totally agree on this point also the other in ukraine and the last one in south china see all right thank you so much thank you so much we appreciate ahmed mustafa director of the asia center studies and translation over from cairo thank you for your contribution and professor political science university thank you well we have reached the end of the program regime has no friends in the west asia region and its enemies are increasing as it continues its death and destruction when it comes down to it, these are the different war fronts that it is fighting as we just spoke to you about, but what is what does the operation of flood on october 7th anniversary mean overall when it comes to the fact t

the journey we have taken, the alliance we have taken, the alliance we have strengthened, the way that moment. i think it is fair to say —— risen together. i think it is fair to say, although i only look like i am a0 years old, i have seen a wide sweep of history. when i was born, our countries were at war. as a young senator, i visited west berlin and i saw what it meant to live in a divided city, country and continent. and i forged a bond with how helmut schmidt, my first relationship of candour and trust, the german chancellor, and thankfully not my last. then in 1989, like millions of people around the world, i saw 70,000 brave souls gathered in leipzig, crying out for freedom. and the berlin wall came down, 35 years ago this month. it was one of the greatest advances in human dignity in my lifetime. some feared the reunification of germany would revive hatred and rivalries. leaders of america, germany came together, a much better future. germany came together, a much betterfuture. the germany came together, a much better future. the achievement of a germany whole and free lives on

in this position, he replaced jens stoltenberg, who led the alliance for a record 10 years. well, the ceremony of transfer of powers took place at the headquarters in brussels at a special meeting of the north atlantic council. the former prime minister of the netherlands assured that assistance to ukraine will remain one of nato's priorities. rutta also stated the need to increase defense spending and develop partnerships in different parts of the world. mark rute was born on 14 february 1967 in the hague to a businessman's family. in 1992 he graduated from the history department of the leden state university, in 2003 he first became a member of the second chamber of the parliament of the states general. in october 2010 , mark rute took up the post of prime minister and minister for general affairs, in total he held the post of head of the cabinet for almost 14 years, a record for tenure in this position in the netherlands. in june of this year, nato countries unanimously approved the politician's candidacy for the post of secretary general of the alliance. rute is a suppor

we as an alliance, we often think of alliance as strength in numbers, and the powerful deterrent effect and also, if conflict was to arise, you know, many, including the secretary austin says, hey, our navy is much bigger, because we'll add in the combatants of the navy that are there with us. what is bigger deterrents than that is what our industrial capacity that they can bring. the ability not only to have ships, but the ability to produce many more ships and leverage the collective strength of our alliance and i mentioned we don't have much maritime capability in the u.s. anymore, it's pretty much naval and our competitor is a full spectrum global power across the entire industry, from shipping to ship building. but what we do have, as tremendous advantage, we have very close allies that are the best ship builders, not only in asia and korea and japan, but you've heard about who builds the ice breakers, an n.a.t.o. member. so we have a lot of industrial gas capacity among our alliance and we need to pool that effort in ways that has fighting capability not only in our navy. >> and w

of ai and and in the point of view may be like strategic alliance in the future in this regard yes i know and i said before there are three battlefields in the world now that is like the lane of the new world order one here with gaza and gaza and lebanon and you will lose 100% and we we we we are we totally agree on this point also the other ukraine and the last one in south china see all right thank you so much, thank you so much, we appreciate ahmed mustapha, director of the asia center studies and translation over from cairo, thank you for your contribution, and sad nember, professor political science at brazeth university, thank you, well we have uh reached the end of the program, the israel regime has no friends in the west asia region and its enemies are increasing as it continues its death and destruction when it comes down to it, these are the different war fronts that it is fighting as we just spoke to you about, but what is what does the operation aloxel flood on october 7th anniversary mean overall? when it comes to the fact that we will be looking at that in the next few

of them. increasing defense and military spending across the alliance is the 2nd priority. and the search for your tea, for my computer is too deep and partnerships with countries in the, in the pacific. and i have to say that he really the way how he presented himself made clear that she knows what he's talking about. and that he is an experienced politician that she is ready and able to start this job straight on without a honey period or a grace period. and i think that towards the, the allies were halting for so with a to be or so as sign of continue it see at may 10th. he did a talk about the united states, didn't that he made a very clear point of saying, but he will look with whoever becomes the new us president didn't hate yes indeed. and yeah, and i saw that the moment that he was probably thinking that so i bose cams were paying attention to what he had to say as a team of pamela harris of course. but 1st and foremost, of course, the team of donalds, trump, who has always been an outspoken, outspoken critics of the alliance about to do to today a stress that so he

and we will do our parts as part of the alliance to fend off any russian english. what is the situation on the border at the moment also with regard to hybrid threats such as this information or a private res, fine. what's happening there at the moment to do relation with russia? it's relatively calm. we don't see there being a direct military threat at the moment. at the same time. russia is our number one security threat. why? because it's waging to worse. one is kinetic energy crane and the other was hybrid in europe. so we are quite well prepared to send off the cyber attacks sabotage information wars and any type of russian meddling. and we'll continue see this increasingly. but the most important thing is that we react to it with our allies in the cool, calm and collected fashion. how is finland's nato membership changed relations with your immediate neighbors with poland, with the politics states? well, i've never felt more nordic than i do today. and there's always been a strong value born between fitness we've nor a denmark in iceland, but simulating, now

they were sworn to stand together against aggression the nato alliance which tore down a wall the red flag of the failed soviet union at last came down, defeated an empire still defense almost 1 billion people nato is obsolete. >> it's old, it's fat, it's sloppy how did we get here? the fact is america has been here before to understand, we need to look back and tell the story american isolationism. >> i'm fareed zakaria when we first heard the campaigns, america first in the 2016 campaign it felt like a startling break from the past that came out of nowhere but history often repeats itself. and when we look to the past, america first was said to be the nations guiding principle. for most of its existence. >> the story begins with the founding fathers george washington, the nation's first president, said famously in his farewell address, that america should steer clear of permanent alliances with other countries george washington not only said that and we should avoid entangling alliances, but he referred to it as the great rule that great rule, a kind of policy bedrock of neutrality

we need alliances with lithuania and alliances with our nato partners and alliances all over the world to help push back on this nationalist imperialist pro authoritarianism regime at this as part of our strategy and we are trying to enlist partners all over the world. essentially the need to help ukraine defend itself because it's a litmus test of our resolve. >> to rap us up first and foremost i wanted to thank secretary rand for being here we truly appreciate you taking the time and all the prep that went into the session today and thanks to our partners at the atlantic council for joining us and thanks to all of you for joining us here in person and on line. have a great dane we will see you next time. thank you. [applause] [inaudible] prior to that this is an project for quite some time. outside of my work. i have been doing advocacy work. in my previous life i was a diplomat. i would have the freedom to ride back in 1900 lotot of problems r free expression. nonetheless in the past 10 years to promote free discussion in thailand because if everyone follows high politics talking op

of course, the team of donalds trump, who has always been an outspoken, outspoken critics of the alliance by to today a stress that so he worked close together with donald trump when he was in the white house. he even the even gave trump credits for pushing allies towards spending more on defense and also identifying china as a big challenge for the trans atlantic alliance. is which described china today as an n, a blur of russia's war efforts. so he was quite clear about that as well as he was clear about his main message on that topic that he is willing, unable to work with, whoever will with when that weighs before the white house. and he is, of course, as we've been saying, a very experienced politician. he was so many is the, the ducks, prime minister. what do you think his appointment will mean now in particular, for e, u, european union and nato relations? well i here, i think that many here hope that that will mean a close a cooperation with the european union as a blog, as you said before to knows a do a p and leaders. he spends many days together with them that goes sheeting, ar