america moved west, the sellers preceded the banks. organized banks all the way out to california, so people got money wherever they could, and loan shark sprang up to supply loans where conventional banks would not lend or had not yet gotten to. also begs then that the question, you have lenders and sharks, but there is a gray area in between. in the book, how does he ss at what point you beat -- assess at what point you become a shark? >> it is kind of both. one problem was that a lot of on lendinga ceiling rates. it could only be 6% or 7%. remember, you have to take inflation into account. 6% or 7% is nothing especially for a small loan where the carrying costs is expensive, and it was not high enough for the standard lenders to make any the fieldthey left open to loan sharks who were the only ones willing to supply money in those cases. one of the innovations that came around in 1907, the russell sage foundation. a uniformup with small lending law that try to deal with that and tried to say we were not tell you to abolish you have

as america moved west, the settlers preceded the banks.e no organized banks out west of the ohio, all the way out to california. people got money wherever they could. loan sharks spring up supply loans. where conventional banks would not lend or had not yet begun to. >> -- gotten to. you have lenders and sharks. there is a gray area in between. it in the book, how do css at what point you become a sharp? -- shark? >> one problem that embedded -- abetted the loan sharks is states set a ceiling on lending rates, 6% or 7%. you have to take inflation into account. but the high inflation rate, that is nothing, especially for a small loan. the carrying costs, the processing. it was not high enough for the standard lenders to make any money, so they kind of left the field the loan sharks -- left the field open. the loan sharks were the only ones supplying money. they came up with a uniform small lending law which tried to deal with that. it said, states, we are not going to tell you to abolish these laws you have on the books. give sort of a waiv

america. ivanka trump has moved into the west wing.i would say not to conflate lack of public denouncement with silence. i think there are multiple ways to have your voice heard. where i disagree with my father, he knows it. and i express myself with total candor. where i agree, i fully lean in and support the agenda and hope that i can be an asset to him. and make a positive impact. but i respect the fact that he always listens. it's how he was in business. it's how he is as president. >> now there are some republicans who view her as a calming force on the president. they view her as a gateway to get to the president. a lot of conservatives remember she couldn't vote for her father in the new york primary because she's not registered as a republican. >> here's steve bannon and his wing, on domestic policy has less power and jared and ivanka has more power. bannon is this nationalist, more conservative, the trump family less conservative. this is a big move if you're a liberal. the family you're thinking are not people who are very id

west wing. >> we hope that as long as america stands for justice, then peace and harmony will in the end prevail. >> the moveighlighting the fault line emerging between the national wing of the trump's white house led by bannon and the moderate crowd encolluinclu jared kushner. the president's decision to appear in syria. >> i now have responsibility and i will have that responsibility and carry it very proudly. >> it is an abrupt change of tone from trump on day one where he will rely on bannon to craft a speech and hammering home this message. >> from this day forward it is going to be only america's first. america's first. trump has grown frustrated with fighting with top aids. the relationship between bannon and juared kushner has grown strange. this week, it was bannon who lost ground. trump removed him from the national security council principle committee. jared kushner returning from the trip in iraq. >> he's a star and i knew that a long time ago. >> now, trump's confidante. also on the list, house majority kevin mccarthy. he has experience on the hill. there is no serious talks about him taking the

america. she says the 19th century california gold rush encouraged single women to move west and marry the state's bachelors. but she says when brides started coming from asia society's acceptance of mail-order brides plummeted. she is author of the book buying a bride an enganling history of mail-order matches. this is an hour and ten minutes. >> hi. thank you so much for coming tonight. i want to thank patty and the california

pallets move goods around america, shifting everything from soap to motorbikes. and at the lima pallet company in north—westrted it in 1977. 0wner tracy sanchez can't employ more people until the cost of health insurance comes down and she was frustrated to see the republicans botch their first attempt. i was a little disappointed that we'd had eight years to work on this, and i would hope that the republicans in eight years could get it done. your representative here in lima was very opposed to the bill, and the president now is blaming him and other members of the freedom caucus for the failure, is that fair? i don't think it's fair. we know they are working on it on a daily, if not hourly, basis. i really feel confident, as most of us in this area do, that they'll get the job done. you're not ever going to get all you want, but if you push, he's a conservative republican, a member of the freedom caucus group who helped torpedo the white house's attempt at health care reform. the president directly singled outjim jordan with his furious tweet storms, but the congressman is unmoved. tweets and statements a

america. she says the 19th century california gold rush encouraged single women to move west and marry the state'sachelors. but she says when brides started coming from asia society's acceptance of mail-order brides plummeted. she is author of the book buying a bride an enganling history of mail-order matches. this is an hour and ten minutes. >> hi. thank you so much for coming tonight. i want to thank patty and the california historical society and

america's next moves are not clear, but the rhetoric has switched to regime change in syria. the american attack, president assad said, played into the hands of al-qaeda. our impression that the west united states, is hand in glove with the terrorists. they fabricated the whole story in order to have a pretext for the attack. britain's prime minister was inspecting newly commissioned officers at sandhurst, and keeping up the pressure. british scientists have analysed material from the site of the attack. they're very clear that sarin, or a sarin—like substance, was used. and, as our ambassador to the united nations made clear yesterday, like the united states, we believe it's highly likely that that attack was carried out by the assad regime. president assad insists he has nothing to gain by attacking syrian civilians. he will be relieved if all he faces in the next few months are more words of condemnation. the us military has dropped the biggest non—nuclear bomb, for the first time, the so—called mother of all bombs, on a tunnel complex used by the islamic state group in afghanistan. the attack has been strongly condemned by the former afghan president hamid karzai, who said it

trump with foreign policy challenges that threaten to move him off his america first campaign slogan. trace gallagher has the latest from our west coast room. >> funerals are now underway for the victims of the twin bombings targeting christian churches in egypt. we should warn you the pictures are very graphic. one bomb that killed 28 in the northern city of tonto was placed under a seat in the main prayer hall. in the blink of an eye, hymns and prayers became screams and cries. minutes later, 17 more were killed when a suicide bomber blew himself up outside of caustic church in alexandria. the bombings which isis claimed responsibility for also left more than 100 wounded. egypt is now under a state of emergency meant to give investigators the tools they need to root out isis, though many believe raising the alert level will only result in restricting the rights of law-abiding egyptians. president trump has condemned the attacks and is confident that egyptian president will protect all egyptians including christians were often persecuted. they reached out to the prime minister of sweden to condemn friday's truck attack in stock

the ability to move west with the estimates of population growth. he thought that it would be 100 years before americareally had to confront the problem of inequality. here is what he said. he said, when that happens the institutions and laws of the country must be adopted. and it will require for the task all the wisdom of the wisest patriots. i think what we need today are wise patriots who can help reform our system so that we can preserve our republic. thank you. [applause] >> i am happy to answer some questions if anyone interested. we have a microphone right if you're in the front. feel free to come on up and get in line. questions, i'll just point out often have a question mark at the end. so if you have questions that would be terrific. [laughter] >> and just say your name for us. >> caroline. >> hi carolyn. >> this is an executive what you're talking about. but it will give us time for people to think of questions. i always that the middle class was sort of a modern thing. it wasn't in ancient times. ancient times was like the odyssey. you had peasants or serfs or whatever, slaves. we didn't

pallets move goods around america, shifting everything from soap to motorbikes. and at the lima pallet company in north—westy sanchez can't employ more people until the cost of health insurance comes down and she was frustrated to see the republicans botch their first attempt. i was a little disappointed that we have had eight years to work on this and i would hope that the republicans in eight years could get it done. your representative here in lima was very opposed to the bill and the president now is blaming him and other members of the freedom caucus for the failure, is that fair? i don't think it's fair. we know they are working on it on a daily, if not hourly, basis. we really feel confident, as most of us in this area do, that they will get the job done. you are not ever going to get all you want, but if you push, you will get some better product for the folks back home. meetjim jordan, tracy sanchez‘s member of congress. he's a conservative republican, a member of the freedom caucus group who helped torpedo the white house's attempt at health care reform. the president directly singled outjim jorda

america. she says the 19th century california gold rush encouraged single women to move west and marry the state's bachelors. but she says when brides started coming from asia society's acceptance of mail-order brides plummeted. she is author of the book "buying a bride: an engaging history of mail-order matches". from the california historical society in california, this is an hour and ten minutes. >> hi. thank you so much for coming tonight. i want to thank patty and the california historical society and especially on this rainy day, but i think that's making all very happy because you haven't had rain. i said y'all because i've lived in the south for ten years and that's all you're going to get from me. i want to give you before i start today about the california portion of the book. i want to give you a sense of how the book happened and my thought process, maybe it will be similar to some of what you all -- you all are thinking. i used to say you guys i'm from new york. and i came into this book with the idea that -- well, noticing that there seemed to be a conflict that the historical repres

compare the availability of land, the ability to move west, with the estimate for population growth, and he thought that it would be 100 years before america really had to confront the problem of inequality. here's what he said: when that happens, quote, the institutions and laws of the country must be adapted, and it will require for the task all the wisdom of the wisest patriots. think what we need today are wise patriots who can help reform the system so we can preserve our republic. thank you. [applause] >> i'm happy to answer questions. we have a mic in front. questions, often have a question mark the end. so that be terrific. >> just say your name. >> caroline. this isn't exactly what you were talking about but it gill with time for other people to think of questions. i always thought the middle class what the modern thing. it wasn't in ancient times. ancient times was like the odd desy. aristocrats and lives. we didn't get a middle class until we had industry. how did air to the come -- aristotle come up with this? >> what do we mean by middle class. a lot of the time when people say the middle class, what they want if give me a fix

america's next moves are not clear, but the rhetoric has switched to regime change in syria. the american attack, president assad said, played into the hands of al-qaeda. 0ur impression that the westthey fabricated the whole story in order to have a pretext for the attack. britain's prime minister was inspecting newly commissioned officers at sandhurst, and keeping up the pressure. british scientists have analysed material from the site of the attack. they're very clear that sarin, or a sarin—like substance, was used. and, as our ambassador to the united nations made clear yesterday, like the united states, we believe it's highly likely that that attack was carried out by the assad regime. president assad insists he has nothing to gain by attacking syrian civilians. he will be relieved if all he faces in the next few months are more words of condemnation. large parts of new zealand have been hit by the worst storms in nearly 50 years. the remains of cyclone cook have left more than eight thousand homes without power and dozens of properties flooded. heavy rain and strong winds lashed bay of plenty and hawke's bay in the north island, causing landslips and widespread flooding. the

america's next moves are not clear. but the rhetoric has switched to regime change in syria. the american attack, president assad said, played into the hands of al-qaeda. our impression that the west hand in glove with the terrorists. they fabricated the whole story in order to have a pretext for the attack. britain's prime minister was inspecting newly commissioned officers at sandhurst and keeping up the pressure. british scientists have analysed material from the site of the attack. they are very clear that sarin, or a sarin like substance, was used. as our ambassador to the united nations made clear yesterday, like the united states, we believe it's highly likely that that attack was carried out by the assad regime. president assad insists he has nothing to gain by attacking syrian civilians. he will be relieved if all he faces in the next few months are more words of condemnation. jeremy is with me now. the first time that president assad has spoken about this. what does his interview say about the position he finds himself in? i have interviewed him a couple of years ago and judging by his demeanour he seems rather anxious at the moment. things have really changed for him an

america's next moves are not clear, but the rhetoric has switched to regime change in syria. the american attack, president assad said, played into the hands of al-qaeda. 0ur impression that the westory in order to have a pretext for the attack. britain's prime minister was inspecting newly commissioned officers at sandhurst, and keeping up the pressure. british scientists have analysed material from the site of the attack. they're very clear that sarin, or a sarin—like substance, was used. and, as our ambassador to the united nations made clear yesterday, like the united states, we believe it's highly likely that that attack was carried out by the assad regime. president assad insists he has nothing to gain by attacking syrian civilians. he will be relieved if all he faces in the next few months are more words of condemnation. turkey goes to the polls on sunday for a referendum that has polarised the nation. president tayyip erdogan and his supporters argue that sweeping presidential powers are needed to avoid instability, while critics fear greater erosion of modern turkey's democracy and secular foundations. our world affairs editor john simpson has been following the campaigns

in north america and europe and they have done a good job keeping growth moving by getting their phantom line of drones, high impact camera photography and to about 400 apple stores in the westt because countries like the u.s. is more concerned with runs for their militaristic capabilities? this is not military use. this is recreational. perhaps they cornered that part of the market when we were concerned with other uses. >> i think that is part of it. there are some civilian drone making companies in the u.s. that are successful for a i hasty of reasons, but dj kept its growth going. carol: there is competition at the high end and low end. >> that is what they are worried about and trying to head off with rapid prototyping with promises that on the low end, particularly china, there are a handful of companies that can $100.oy drones for about increasingly, there are companies particularly in china that make drones good enough to to they are dji, worried about specialization is a way to differentiate themselves. carol: "bloomberg businessweek" is on newsstands now. oliver: what was your favorite story? carol: i enjoyed the story about the church in cincinnati. who knew? comb

america's emissions. energy lives here. >>> oklahoma and arkansas share a long border just shy of 200 miles. oklahoma to the west, arkansas to the east. as you movehe border, there are parts of oklahoma and arkansas that kind of blend together, whether you are in westville or summers or remy or dora or octavia, as you hop across one side of the border to the other, it's hard to see where one state begins and one state ends. they share that border. they share the arkansas river. they even share a fair. it's the arkansas-oklahoma state fair. runs about a week. rides, hog races, an alligator show, there's a milking competition. oklahoma and arkansas big long border joined at the hip. a few years ago, oklahoma issued some official advise. oklahoma just emerged from an especially grisly botched execution. after that ordeal which was a terrible ordeal and got them a lot of national attention because it went to terribly wrong, the state did a review. they looked into what had gone wrong. and they came out with a couple recommended fixes, for example, the state said it would be better to have a system of communication established among the staff during t

america grown under our own farms, our own oranges, our own strawberries. and progressively, we could move to the other things. many people do like to buy american cars. i am from the west indies and i like an american car. i like a foreign car, i should say. but i have many friends who would never buy a foreign car. so this is an awareness that is very, very good. and while we may not be able to achieve this in its entirety, we should be able to achieve to some point. and i'm sure that it would make an impact on our american economy. host: ok, joy. we're learning this morning, jeremy of cnn has this exclusive. the defense attorney is privately telling members of congress that the president's defense budget isn't enough to rebuild the military. dave in milton, new hampshire, independent. hi, dave. caller: hi. how are you? host: good morning. caller: good. i buy american whenever i can and i think it's a smart thing for the whole country to do the same. we need working people to have jobs and pay taxes. when working people don't have jobs, they don't pay taxes. and that is definitely a strong -- what we need because we fight everybody's laws for them and we give away bil

going to go move to west virginia because i feel as an american it's my duty to help my fellow americans. i think the elites have kind of stopped teaching that kind of patriotism. for america, which is great but there's a sense of, you gain people's trust by doing things they understand are good and then there's a likelihood that when you ask them to do something they are not sure about, they will trust you and believe you. >> but what do foreign-policy experts do in this situation where this anger, which i think is fundamentally misdirected at this point because when people say you don't know what you're doing over there, my argument is somebody asked the other day, 50 years of this kind of policy, what have we gotten? >> i would say a global system of peace and prosperity that better than world war ii or three. >> i agree but my response to the donald trump getting elected was for trip to europe to essentially in the ideas, i just bought why am i spending my time talking to people like me in european watering holes rather than actually reading about and traveling in this country? and one of the ways you can look at this election was it was a statement that said in multip