southeastern asian-americans exceed those of african-americans and latinos. that's a quick demographic overview of the api community. how did these demographic features impact our involvement in california statewide redistricting process? because most asian-american and pacific islander communities engaged in redistricting statewide, couldn't rely on a legal hammer. organizing was a critical tool, given the concentration of asian-american and pacific islander communities in several population centers. throughout the state it was necessary to develop a statewide network to organize our community's involvement. we call that state white network capafr. metro l.a., san diego valley, orange county and san diego. we served as the lead agency providing legal research mapping. >> a local partner convened a coalition of community stakeholders to establish regional priorities and testify before the citizen's redistricting commission. stakeholders were mostly representatives from community based organizations and interested community members. while some local elected of

of all americans, not just chinese-americans. it's-it-is an ongoing struggle for all of us, and our deendants their descendants, rather than job that's already finished and done. so if there's just one message i would like to get across to my readers, it's that democracy is not and was never a guarantee. it is still very much a young and fragile experiment. thank you so much for your time. >> i'd be happy to take any questions from the floor at this time. yes? >> just a sec. >> thanks. you're very interesting talk dealt mainly with the relationship between chinese-americans and the american state on the one hand and chinese-americans and the majority population in the united states. the white population. but, of course, the united states also has very significant ethnic minorities apart from chinese-american, particularly african-americans and hispanic-american. and i was wondering whether you might want to say a few words about the relationship between the chinese-american community and the other minorities that exist in the uni

when we talk about african- american history, we are talking about african american history not as aarate and distinct history, but as an integral part of history -- the history of san francisco, the history of the united states, and of the world. we cannot think about this broader concept of history without understanding the role and contributions people of african descent have played in this broader statement of what history is. this is true not only for people of african descent, but all people. we are all part of history. "we present from the african american perspective is simply that -- a perspective of history that helps fill up that picture. without the understanding of these covers perspectives, it is difficult to fully appreciate our true history. i am doing the best i can appear. -- up here. i guess we should have some of three stanzas a couple of times. [laughter] we also have ms. jackson with us. a pleasure to have you with us. in your programs, there is also a flier in your programs. it is on the flip side of "lift every voice and sing." it is a flier about a program wh

who is an american? how do we sort of coexist in this post war period where the people from that community are by and large marginalized, yet you have this whole kind of other thing happening where it's -- the war has been won, this is like new things, television is happening, advertising, this whole advertising thing is happening. so you have these marginalized peoples and what happens, is it possible to develop a kind of at that moment a cross-cultural community? is it possible to have kind of a multi cultural community that emerged from that moment? and so, in particular, that's what i wanted to explore. and part of the back drop is there was this extraordinary jazz scene happening in that area. there's this wonderful book called fillmore harlem west and also there's several other books that are about that particular era. but that's all happening too, people like billie holiday, count basie, duke ellington, they were all playing in the fillmore district, bop city, plantation club, jack's tavern. that'

the first americans are still after over 230 years of this country's existence the last americans. that needs to change. it's a national disgrace. it's a national challenge. it will take national effort to move us in the right direction. i think the challenge for this particular organization is to educate the rest of america about the challenges that we face and i'm proud what they have done throughout its existence. it has a long and honorable history of doing just that but the scope of the challenge is just amazing. i had the honor of traveling with my good friend rubideaux and congressman simpson, congressman mccullough, and we all went first to chickasaw country where we have been fortunate. we've had challenges like other people have is had challenges. this is not our historic homeland. my forbearers didn't come there by choice, but they've used the tools and the opportunities they've had and had their set of hardships but they've overcome them. we have thriving tribal economies, governments doing well. then we went to see some of our friends on the great reservations in north

go behind the scenes at museums and historic sites on american artifacts. and the presidency looks at the policies and legacies of past american presidents. view our complete schedule at c-span.org/history and sign up to have it e-mailed to you by pressing the c-span alert button. >>> while the founding fathers often get all of the credit for the creation of america, without the encouragement and work of many women, things may have ended up differently. up next, george mason university history professor rosemarie zagarri examines the important role that women played in generating support for the revolutionary war and how their involvement helped pave the way for a greater political identity for women within the new nation. this is an hour. >> good afternoon. i am indeed robert griswold, hudson family chair of history and chair of the history department here at the university of oklahoma. before i introduce this afternoon's speaker and on behalf of the entire history department, i want to thank president born for making this event possible. he has a deep lov

the americans synchronized their watches. that's the first instance i can find of an army synchronizing the pocket watches that the officers carried and then they attacked trenton from both sides within about two minutes of each other and won a great victory. then the the question was what to do with the victory. and he had a couple problems there. the hegss were not drunk. we have eyewitness accounts of their sobriety, but the american army discovered quite a lot of liquor in the ins of trenton and the american army got drunk. and washington had great difficulty getting his troops back again over the delaware river, more so than he did getting them across the first time. and he also was carrying back with him 900 hegs crystals. and the question was what to do about them. the prisoners expected the worst. and to many people remembered what those hegss had done after fort washington, after other engagements around long island and washington could have gone with the lex tell yoen. he it could have been an eye for an eye. but wh

thank you to those of you- americans. earlier, the filipino community south of market has been industrious. in fact, they have been such a vibrant part of our communities that it. down there, you'll see many of our streets are named for filipino national heroes. people like the names that continued to ring as to go through and recognize some of those streets. i also want to thank the san francisco filipino culture center and all of the filipino community organizations that have worked with our city around the years protecting in supporting filipino families, the arts and education, and also our valued neighborhoods across our city. there are so many neighborhood organizations that have sprouted up, but there are many, too, that have been there for long, long time. i want to thank the philippine news, the filipino whelm -- filipino womens' network. by the way, the network has been instructing me about -- to make sure that i know what pinay power is in san francisco. thank you. i said it wrong. you see, they're still teachi

there's many different tribes, are native americans in this country. i'm ojibway, my wife and son are northern cheyenne from montana, and their belief is different, as in the beliefs maybe in the class you're teaching here. and the way i was taught, our sweat lodge is open to anybody - men, women. and first of all, what we do is we start with the smudge - preparing for the sweat. i prepare by not eating during the day, the whole day. fasting. in the evening time is when we run the sweat. and how i prepare for that is we designate a fire keeper to heat the rocks, make sure the rocks, which we call grandfathers, and that's what goes inside of the sweat and purifies our mind and body. >> so they're like our ancestors, the rocks? >> yes. every rock, in our belief, has a spirit, you know. a rock is a living - >> they're alive? >> yes. >> and you know, when you think about it, i guess if you follow the evolutionary mode, our original ancestors were the rocks, were the molten lava that we came out of. so they're alive. what in the - in the experience inside t

but it also takes african-american life and uses it as a lens, understand what it means to be an american. that's what this museum does so well. and in essence, while i could talk about the museum forever -- i won't -- the goal of the museum is simple. the goal of this museum is not to just create a great green building, although it's going to do that. its goal is not to just find wonderful artifacts, although we've done that. and its goal is not to just build great exhibitions. but, rather, its goal is simple. this museum should make america better. this museum should find a way to help people have candid conversations to find real reconciliation and healing over the chasm that has divided us the longest -- race. and i have to tell you, i'm honored to be here to introduce to you someone whose life, whose career has made america better. now, i can tell you a lot about spencer crew. let me tell you, we have closed dives from johannesburg to tokyo. we have done the hardest thing two historians could ever do, that is collaborate with writing effectively for years. but i think that what i rea

american history, and as we learn more about it, we learn more about who her as americans, we learn more about what this nation has to offer in terms of diversity and its richness. and i think it makes us a better nation in the nation of the world around us. and i also think that it's important for us to think about african-american history in connection with the white house, in this neighborhood that's near us, because when we think about the history of the white house, there is sort of an anomaly that's constantly connected to that institution. it's the issue of race. it's the issue of america. it's the issue of what we stand for versus what we sometimes represent to the rest of the world. and i think the white house in particular, we look at its history and understand what it's been through and where it's been, we begin to see that irony, we also understand how the neighborhoods around it play an important role in shaping its history and shaping the destiny of this nation. now, i don't know if you all know this -- i know the historians in the audience do -- the white house wasn't

asian americans. >> roughly. >> explain first, what would you classify as an asian american? >> that's an interesting, tough question. it's a harder question than it seems. i wouldn't classify anyone, you know, i would allow people to declare for themselves. an asian american is well, it's a strange concept. there aren't asian americans in asia. for one thing, the people in asia, they're there. they're not here. and for another thing, there isn't a pan-asian identity except for a sort of bad one, when one nation wants to conquer another nation. so the people who are asian americans, well, they're people whose grandfathers or great grandfathers would have been at war with one another. but here we recognize we have a common cause. sometimes people say why do you have to be asian american? aren't you breaking up into little groups? it's a coalition identity, it brings together people from about two different national origins, pakistani, indian, cambodian, thy, korean, japanese, all different languages, f

we have to partner with our youth and african-american parents and communities and african american owned businesses. all that has to be done together. i will commit to you -- [applause] this is not to me just a celebration. although very important to recognize. it is an ongoing way that we do business and think and live in the city. we live in partnerships. we help -- to lift each other. i get that opportunity as the first asian mayor. it is my turn to help lift up the african-american community and find talent where it is and create hope and make sure we're all safe at the same time where we're becoming successful. at this time, i want to lie in partnership ask our supervisor malia cohen to come up and share this proclamation presentation. . we're going to present it well deserving proclamation proclaims this black history month but i am giving it to someone that iowa's held in great esteem and had a chance to work with him on understanding better the history but also even engaging him in research we did a few years ago to discover and uncover where those banks across the country, what

[applause] and new american media. [applause] apparently, tonight is hyphen's night.tulations to hyphen. [applause] a quick word about the organization. it was founded in 2003. it's a volunteer run nonprofit news and culture organization that illuminates asian america through hard-hitting investigative features on the cultural and political trends shaping the fastest growing ethnic population in the country. it engages people through our print magazine, website and events to fulfill the commission to tell the untold stories of asian americans with accuracy, nuance and complexity. to showcase emerging artists, creators and leaders of our community and to build a socially and politically aware community through media, dialogue, and cultural events. it's been honored by chinese for affirmative action, with the flames of justice award in 2008, nominated by the utney reader for -- for utney independent press award, best new title in 2007 and in 2010 for best social and cultural coverage. so again we say congratulations to you. [applause] >> thank you all so much. as much a

-- americans can work together. the folks i hear from back home want to us stop the partisan bickering, want us to work together. and i'm thankful that our republican friends allowed the simpson-bowles bipartisan budget to be considered. but for members to only have 10 minutes of debate to consider it is going to be very difficult. so i'm hopeful that members, as they're sitting in their offices tonight, as they're interrupting their dinners, will focus not only on the important joint economic committee issues have thank have been raised, but will also focus on the details of the budget they're about to vote on. we had anticipated that the vote on the simpson-bowles alternative would be tomorrow morning. that's what we had been told. but an hour or so ago they suddenly had a change of plans. we feel that we're gaining momentum and i think that's evidenced by the fact that most folks of the interest groups in washington are gearing up to either support us or oppose us but i think that members should weigh their decis

party mark in washington what's wrong with the american government hearing to the american constitution what's wrong with that i think you know i think the very government should adhere to the american constitution i really do i think though that ron paul takes the constitutional fetish of it too far and finds for the restrictions in the constitution that are there i mean he ignores clauses like providing for the general welfare and other clauses that congress has used for generations of course congress has had military actions as opposed to war for for two hundred years so i just think it's clear that his views on this are out of step with most of the american people ok michael what do you think about that maybe he's out of step or maybe he's leading. well the it's both actually he is out of step and he is leading. washington it's not just a matter of one constitutional interpretation here or there i mean the american political class has a culture it shaped by early universities it's shaped by american history and our american elite i mean both parties believe that they can manage ever

." >>> history book shelf features popular american history writers of the past decade and american history tv, airs saturday at noon eastern. this weekend on history book shelf, iris chang discusses her book the chinese in america. a native histo narrative histor. from the building of the transcons nen railroad to modern contributions in missile defense and silicon valley high-tech inventions. iris chang committed suicide in november 2004. next is a brief interview about her life with author paula kamen. a former colleague and friend of chang's. >>> paula kamen? >> iris chang known for the best sir "the rape of nanking" and it did huge things to raise awareness about japanese atrocities during world war ii. that was, not only in nanking, but she wrote specifically in great detail about the mass dhaer raised awareness about atrocities throughout asia. so it became a whole movement rather than just a book in the late '90s. >> was she a historian? >> and a journalist. she didn't see them as mutually exclusive. where she was good, the historians, a big tool of hers was archives. she spent days

he scholarly articles appeared in leading journals including the journal of american history, the american quarterly, the journal of the early republic, along with numerous essays and collections. weren't the resippient of hornes at the outstanding prize awarded by the southeastern 18th century studies association, fellowships from the national endowment for the humanities, the american and aquarian society and the american philosophical society. she's also had an appointment by the fulbright commission to the thomas jefferson chair in american studies at university of amsterdam in the netherlands. professor zagarri has appeared as an on-camera historian on c-span, on pbs and on the fairfax television network. in 2009, she was elected president of the society for historians of the early american republic. and in 2011 was appointed a distinguished lecturer by the organization of american historians. her latest book is titled "revolutionary backlash: women in politics in the early american republic." she has also published another book on woman in the early republic titled "a woman's dilemma

they inspired a lot of americans. polls found that americans viewed a positive picture of getting over the 9-11 paradigm, and now we are going into a phase in some countries where there is a lot of violence. syria is very tragic, yet it is very hard to know what to do for american foreign policy. we have not been able to get the security council to act effectively. there is death end killing every day, and we do not seem to know what to do. i know you support and reluctantly the intervention in did i.e why is syria different from libya? >> syria is not live beyo -- is not libya. there was military opposition out of high-level talks with gaddafi. the regime was not fully institutional. special relations also contributed -- special arrangements with particular tribes contributed, and once those broke down, volvo things started to break down. it was easily excisable an -- now accessible. all of these differences underline a greater complex of three -- a greater complexity and what can be done on the outside. i do not fav

finally, the coming of the american revolution brought home to many white americans the contradiction, not to say hypocrisy, of american colonists who objected to infringements on their freedom but who at the same time systematically deprived black people of their most basic rights and liberties. it did leave certain people to have their slaves. and there were a large number of slave owners who did free their slaves. northern state legislatures put slavery on the road to abolition either immediately or gradually. the federal government prohibited slavery in the northwest territory in 1787. and the u.s. constitution, though admittedly in many ways a pro-slavery document that protected slavery in many regards did not once use the word "slave" or "slavery" in the text, for many white americans, embarrassment, a moral blight that should be put on the road to extinction. of course, for a substantial minority, slavery remained an issue of property rights, not human rights. and for them, the next 60 years was a pitched battle in which they tried to justify slavthin was dedicated to equality

you see some americans get killed. so the reporters should say, "americans, these guys are about to get you," and you die. that's really what the question is here. yeah. and your answer is? i don't know. [laughter] i agree with mike, intellectually, i really do. i wish at the time i'd made another decision, but it wasn't the one i made at the moment. i would like to have made his decision. general westmoreland? well, it's rather repugnant to me, and i think it would be repugnant to the american listening public to see on film in the united states an ambush of an american platoon by our national enemy. uh, the conclusion that would be drawn is that the network is in cahoots with the enemy. general, the question is raised, actually, in the cities of this country, in which you say, "if you knew a murder would take place ahead of time, "would you cover that story? "would you let the object of that murder know? would you let the police know?" i've answered this question before. i think i would surely not let the man or the

of the periodic zeal with american life to celebrate american exceptional was some sometimes the redmarble often sets up a false distinction between the world views and the view in the world. the letters though small and fragmented result was consider the ways in which the moral of look at the social concerns and america has been forged through cross-cultural transatlantic system of exchange transmission modification and transformation. in doing so they help us to rethink some of the static categories that we work with like american exceptional was on or before and thought, or we can talk about or get ideas or truly american ideas or the radical imports. but before we increase the artificiality of the construct like american or german, for an and organic we should forget the power such differences had been shaping the experience of people we study in the past. many ideas about what is us and what's them is sharpened, not smith out in the fraction of this movement. the letters in their wait till a bigger story about how the transnational trafficked of the image and ideas helped punctu

deal with the americans. one of the problems they have is u.s. air power. how do you deal with air defense? have everybody shoot at the planes as much as they possibly can. you start with that. they move very quickly to get help from the chinese and soviets. they get soviet migs soviet ground offensive and have a dangerous air defense network against the united states. the ground war though dealing with this is the most -- arguably the most important purposes here. they have to figure out how to fight this ground war against the united states. again, the north, the generals and the political leaders in north vietnam, they don't agree about how to do this. they follow the two camps here. you have the duan ton block. they argue you have to match american escalation and fight hard the whole time. you have to do this hoping you can push the south vietnamese regime over the edge. they also wanted to increasingly commit them to the south. they wanted to go to phase 3 very, very quickly here. general jopp, he has a

and if you ask them, "will you achieve the american dream?" most americans say yes. but at a collective level when you ask people, "does the american dream still hold true?" we're seeing in surveys for the first time that only about, you know, half of americans are agreeing that the american dream still holds true. and that's remarkable. >> what's the practical consequences of that? of giving up faith and hope in that dream? >> the fact is that for most middle-class and working-class americans the politics seems increasingly removed from their everyday experience and their life. and there is a current of distrust and anger towards washington is that is so deep right now. >> when we turn on our tvs, our radios, or pick up our newspapers, we read about what is going on in our federal and state governments, and we start to believe that you don't care about us. we hear that corporate welfare continues and ceos get six-figure bonuses at taxpayer expense, and we wonder who you're working for. and we look across the kitchen table at our families eating ramen noodles for the

well, for all americans, but it hits particularly hard for middle class americans. you're talk about tax deductions for homeownership. tax deductions for sending your kids to college. tax deductions for saving for retirement. sax tax deductions for charitable contributions. tax deductions for medical benefits. these are tax deductions that matter tremendously to middle class americans. don't go this route. >> thank you. i'll now recognize mr. mulvaney for ten minutes for purposes of opposing the amendment. >> thank you, mr. chairman. i always enjoy hearing the ranking member talk about taxes. i look forward to his budget next week. i look forward to actually having my democrat colleagues show us what y'all mean when you talk about a simpler tax code, a fair tax code, something with all the loopholes and deductions gone. we've heard about it now for several years. we haven't actually seen something. i look forward to actually getting that from you folks this week. in the meantime i thought what we would do is focus on the amendment. it's pretty similar. it's the sens

writing an african american character. you have to think about, too, this whole idea of political correctness has both an up side and a very bad down side. one of those is people tend to be very cautious and not want to try things like that. i eventually through my relationship with danny glover pulled it out of my drawers -- out of the drawer, desk drawer, and read it and danny was instrumental in saying, let's do this. let's just do this. but, again, it was me working with some african american actors and i actually had it vetted by august wilson, read it and checked it out for me and there's another fellow who wrote soldier's story, charles fuller, took a look at it for me. i wanted to make sure my bases were covered. but this new play, what i did was, i feel comfortable writing the characters, but you are never sure. one thing that happened was steven anthony jones helped me a great deal with the african american character. we took it to sundance and what happens when you go to sundance is you bring some actors and som

it is, in my view, the most awe-inspiring and american of landmarks. awe-inspiring because it's a sight to behold both inside and out. american because it is mindful of the past and busy with the future. here the preservation of history goes right alongside the making of it. and though never finished the capitol is in no way vague. i think it's obvious that the ultimate expression of the achievements and aspirations that set our country apart. and i think president lincoln understood this during the civil war he insisted that the capitol construction go forward. and he said, if people see that the capitol is going on, it's a sign that we intend that the union shall go on. this work included the construction of the dome and the statue of freedom. completing that statue was possible because of the ingenuity of phillip reid, who has been referred to several times today, a slave that made plaster into bronze. that marks this visitors center, imposing but impressive. phillip reid, his contemporaries and the slaves who came before made great sacrifices to re

in the swirling fury of this war of american against american, the medal of war was born. the end, we know, because we live in the unity that this tragic war preserved. and in national shrines like gettysburg, we honored the men of both sides who gave what they believed to be right. ♪ >> here are the names. the last of the men in blue are gone. but the union they preserved remains. and honors for all time, the men who made it possible. and right over here is a roll call of names from the years which followed the civil war, the time when the nation grew, expanding westward, the west. charwi the frontier safe was the regular army. out west that meant the cavalry. the troopers who rode into that wide country were vastly outnumbered. and their adversary was often a master of combat, a rawhide tough and experienced fighter, dangerous to underestimate. this era in america's growth has passed into legend, but real men lived it. many were awarded the medal of honor. the names of their battlegrounds are obscure now, most of them. others will never be forgotten. names like little bi

we have just now selected our first chinese-american, asian-american mayor in the city of san franciscosors, 11 of us, eight of us, eight members of the board of supervisors are people of color. this is true representation. but what has laid the foundation of the great muscle that has made san francisco well known in its reputation as being forward thinking also obligates us to answering the other questions some of the chals that i remarked on especially as it concerns the african-american population in after. i'm not so sure that the numbers really have dropped to 3.%. that's a quick drop from 6.2 two years ago. but whatever the case is, that decline in population is a healthy reminder that even the most forward-thinking cities have incredible work to do. thank you, everybody, and happy black history month. >> thank you, supervisors cohen and mirkarimi. just want to announce also that thanks to the efforts of lamont bishop and others, we do have for the kinseys proclamations or certificates of recognition for shirley and bernard kinsey from senator leno's office, is ash asem blipman ma

when did you get interested in the american left?>> why was teenager and i got there was in the entire war movement. in college in the late 1960's. that is a personal book and some more than the other books i've written because. i did organize an entire war demonstration. my chapter with students for democrats at harvard didn't take over the. i had to decide if i wanted to write about it but whenever you are a part of a socialist meant, you have less ideas about how we doing, what are we doing right, what are you doing wrong i was beginning to think well, are really getting to the american people or not. and so i began to think about. when i started to go to graduate school it became one of the things i was studying, and i think it's. in the serious and responsible way i think but also ones that have relevance to what people are thinking about now or even a fighting about now. i've always been a journalist as well as a historian. i have an online column for the magazine which is a left-wing magazine, and so to me this book is about t

those who wanted open housing, african-americans, mexican-americans, unions, those who advocated for open housing inals, they didn't have the political power. they didn't have the clout. the real estate corporations, the lenders, the banks, the homeowners associations, they did. and they had amassed it over decades. so there's historical structures of inequality that make it very difficult to fight against these things. there's institutions, right? banking institutions, real estate institutions, political institutions, homeowners institutions that make it very difficult to fight against these problems. and there's rhetoric. there's the rhetoric of equality that robert self wrote about. what racism? we're not racists. so what there's no black people who live here, and there never have been, and we don't want them, but we're not racists. we're homeowners. we just want freedom. we're just individuals -- we're just individual freedom-loving people. we're not racists. we're not pot-bellied red-faced southern sheriffs. we're don draper. we're not racists. there's that rhetoric. now, how do

and this is the no nothing or american party. okay. so what's happening? in the 1850s we witness political realignment, the wig party is dying. the democratic party is changing. it survives but it doesn't survive unchange. new minor parties vie for the support of americans who are disenchanted with the present political situation. for many americans something had gone terribly wrong so the minor parties that emerge in the 1850s are addressing the question, you know, what's gone wrong. what's the most serious threat to the republic and to self-government? what's the most serious threat? what is it? is it slavery's expansion? is that it? a lot of northerners would have said, yes. some southerners would have said yes in terms of defending their right to expand and take their personal property anywhere. some would say immigration. i want to turn, as i said, and look at that group of the question -- of the -- for voters, the people who are most concerned about immigration as the primary issue. all right. well, as we said, the influx of roman catholic immigrants