they're all american heroes. they were all americans because that is the way americans are. they are heroes. they were trying to merge the confederates and u.s. military tradition together to prove that we are all americans, all heroes, and sort of embrace it. they were americans. that is the way we are. that was the thought process. they had this reunion. there is sort of this party line . i read a lot of newspapers that covered it. the great heroes of this union were pickett's charge. not broke americans -- heroic americans in central pennsylvania. the new york age tried the central reunion to the current situation of african-americans jim crow and disenfranchisement. their view was about the national syndicate. they were talking about newspapers and business. they wanted business between the sections. that is why they wanted reunion. they were the ones for african-americans actions being there and the african-american veterans say a lot of the white veterans were not pleased with things like the rebel yell and the way confederates behaved. they were at the reunion, but th

you know, they knew about native americans a little and white north americans knew about native americans a lot because they had been living alongside native americans for a long time. there are ways in which native americans get written out of history which is why we're left with that impression. and of course madely before the american revolution there were a lot of white newcomers from scotland and northern ireland and england who didn't have that familiarity. and so there is some ignorance and fear especially, app most of those newcomers were the ones who moved out on to the frontier settlements near the native americans. so what you're seeing is different populations with different levels, different white populations with different levels of familiarity with native americans. joseph brand was not alone. there weren't a ton of native americans who went to england to visit but there were some throughout the previous century. what else can i refine? gabby. go ahead. sorry. right behind you. >> i know that new england was very on fire for the revolution during this time period, and it pr

they knew about native americans a little, and white north americans knew about native americans a lotey had been living a long -- alongside native americans for a long time. before the american revolution there were a lot of white newcomers from scotland and england who did not have a familiarity. there is some ignorance and fear, and most of those newcomers moved out onto the frontier settlements near the native americans. what you are saying is different populations with different -- different white populations with different levels of familiarity with native americans. does the brown was not alone. it is not that there were a ton who went over to visit, but there were some. what else can i refine? >> i know that new england was very on fire for the revolution during this time. it is pretty much talking about -- especially westchester county -- was indifferent as well as their leader is good is that what was the easy for the british to come in and take over because they were so politically indifferent? prof. carp: that is a good question. the rays is tough problem. when the british

how many americans the state say they are proud to be an american?uest: we have a large majority that consistently says they are proud to be americans. in the range of 80%-80 5%. it is really a very solid majority they do not see on polling questions these days. host: what aspects of america make americans most proud from the polling the ufc? guest: i think freedom is the thing that most you will volunteer. we are very proud of to aspects of american life. we are very proud of the military, our scientific and technological advancements. all of those things are things that make americans very proud. we greatly appreciate the freedom that we have. it is not a blind patriotism. we know there are problems facing society, but we still love our country nonetheless. host: where you see the biggest jump off in terms of aspects of society that americans are proud to be part of? guest: in recent polling pollsters have asked if the country is headed in the right direction. since the 2008 recession, that has taken a real toll on american attitudes. you see more

you're watching american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3. >> american history tv, 40 at hours of programming on american history every weekend on c-span3. follow us on twitter at c-span history for information are scheduled upcoming programs and to keep up with the latest history news. >> american artifex takes you to museums and historic places. we traveled to philadelphia to learn about the museum of the american revolution located two blocks from independent hall. it is scheduled to open in early 2017. >> this is the first newspaper printing of the declaration of independence. many will have seen the large broadsides printed, posted up in public places, this is probably the way many colonial americans first red the words of the declaration of independence was in newspapers in philadelphia, then quickly scattering out to the other colonies and eventually appearing in print. independence had actually been already declared on july 2 1776. we celebrate the fourth. the fourth is the day the final version of the declaration was adopted by congress and then sent often pri

american. our collection will enable us to present the entire story of the revolution to all who come to philadelphia. scott stevenson is the director of collections from the museum. he is the ideal person to oversee the creation of these exhibits. he is a ph.d historian in the american revolution. at the same time, he has been a screenwriter for historical productions and he's created exhibits. so, he's deeply experienced, not just in the history and meaning of the revolution but the material culture, the objects, artifacts, the equipment that were used to bring about the revolution. scott: so, i pulled together a selection of objects from the collection. to give you some of the highlights and also give you an indication of the big storyline we are telling in the museum. the first gallery that you will come into is going to take visitors back to the end of the french and indian war, about 1763. there is a new british monarch the first british foreign in the 18th century, george iii. he is youn

go live the american dream.rs and applause] america. . >> a century old amusement park that could be lost forever. >> dying on the vine down here. >> our time is over. it's serious. >> a divided family on the verge of a painful split. >> no amusement park in the world has been owned by a family as long as this one. >> the family loyalty has disintegrated. it's fodder for disaster. >> and a reprieve from the governor, but will it be enough? >> the day after labor day amusement park is not open down there. my father is flipping in his grave right now.

american.struggling. for the innovators and inventors. for those breaking barriers and technology and discovering cures for diseases. for the factory workers and food servers who stand on their feet all day. for the nurses who work the night shift. for the truckers who drive for hours, and the farmers to feed us. for the veterans who served our country. for the small business owners who took a risk for everyone. everyone who has been knocked down, but refuses to be knocked out. [cheering] i am not running for some americans, but for all americans. our country's challenges did not begin with the great recession. we have been buffeted by tremendous currents. we opened new markets for our experts, but have also displaced jobs and undercut wages for millions of americans. the financial industry, and many multinational corporations, have created huge wealth for a few, by focusing too much on short-term profits. too much on complex trading schemes and stock buybacks. too little investment in new busi

in fact, to every american family.urse, janet has big shoes to fill after the 30 extraordinary years of raul he spent making this organization a national force in pursuit of hispanic equality and opportunity. when he was up was a child in south texas, his family faced a nightly hispanic curfew and despite growing up in the face of exclusion distancing which resonate includes his decades of leadership of nclr his opponent as american ambassador to the dominican republic and host of other great achievements in service of a cause. and along the way rob will benefit from the most farsighted transformative investments that our nation has ever made in a people and the growth of our middle-class. and that is when one will went to college on the g.i. bill. [applause] millions of lives have not been touched by raul's life's work in part because his own country had the good sense to invest in him. now, i know the power of that investment personally. my dad tom went to college on the g.i. bill as well. and i think it's fair to sa

>> from washington, the mclaughlin group, the american original. for over three decades, the sharpest minds, best sources, hardest talk. >> issue one. n.s.a.? [speaking in other language] >> the n.s.a. can't seem to get a break. on tuesday wikileaks, the organization that leaked tens of thousands of u.s. diplomatic cables in 2010, released new documents that, it says, come from the u.s. national security agency, also known as the n.s.a. the documents suggest that the n.s.a. spied on the phone calls of three french presidents. jacques chirac, nicolas sarkozy, and current president francois hollande. it also suggests that the n.s.a. was able to spy on phone calls by many other officials in the french government. wikileaks says the documents prove the n.s.a. gained access to sensitive french negotiations on issues including the european union's future. the french government summoned the u.s. ambassador to paris for an explanation but u.s. officials aren't unduly concerned. they believe that france won't really be outraged about these revelations. why?

you cannot divide americans. can never change our way of life or the value of freedom and diversity that makes us americans. [applause] president obama: as we defend our nation, real leadership also means something else, having the courage to lead in a new direction, the wisdom to move beyond the policies that haven't worked in the past, having the kft to engage in smart diplomacy that can lead to a better future. that's what we are doing in cuba, a new chapter will mean more opportunities for the cuban people. today with our american embassy opened in that havana we will speak up for freedom and universal values around the world, but we're not scared to engage. we see the strength of american diplomacy in our comprehensive nuclear deal with iran, because we must prevent iran from obtaining a nuclear weapon. and we are now engaged in an important debate, which is a good thing. we are a democracy. unfortunately you may have noticed there is already a lot of shaky information out there. so even as i make the case o

african-americans. the largest population of black slaves in atlantic history. how this came to be can be explained by teaching the history of the united states within this broader geographic context. the haitian revolution, which transformed the french colony of center main from caribbean's wealthiest slave society into the independent black republic of haiti had a profound effect on the united states. as white as shown, the violence the revolution sent thousands of migrants, black and white, slave and free to u.s. ports from philadelphia to new orleans. they brought with them terrifying stories of the violence of insurrection. one of the most important stories linked that violence to abolitionist agitation. according to the jamaica planter, and historian brian edwards, abolitionist agitation had caused the haitian revolution. we don't have to accept this, but understand the impact of that argument. his interpretation of the haitian revolution would prove politically useful to american slaveholders wou

they articulate themselves to american culture.t also provides insight into the identity of the american people. for the shared points of reference in the common cultural vocabulary that would facilitate meaningful communications across the various social divides especially on the volatile issues like religion and politics. religious and cultural literacy lift the barriers to communications in the democratic society and how the citizens join in the conversations on how best to order public life and how to govern ourselves. given the pervasive cultural influence into the continued influence of christianity in the world and often contentious nature of religious controversies the biblical literacy is vital for the communications into valuable social engagement in the pluralistic society. thank you. >> thank you. >> one of the passages that is most relevant and important as i sit and listen to you the question that comes to my mind is in the increasingly secular society how do we make the case? i read the bible in the old testament in

equal parts american good will and african-american effort. the catch is that he presumes the former to have been well established historically and the latter to be lacking. in the next section i'll consider baldwin's response. perhaps the most famous moment in the storied meeting takes place when baldwin makes the following declaration. and this is that moment that patrick talked about at the beginning of his remarks this morning. here's baldwin. we speak about expense. there are several ways of addressing one's self to some attempt to find out what that word means here. from a very literal point of view, the harbors and the ports and the railroads of the country, the economy especially in the south could not conceivably be what they are if it had not been for cheap labor. i'm speaking very seriously and this is not an overstatement. i picked the cotton. i carried it to market. i built the railroads under someone else's whip for nothing. for nothing. when i first encountered those words in baldwin's essay on the american dream and the america

go live the american dream.rs and applause] whole only 8% said no, that's it for us we thank you for being with us. kennedy: happy day of the hump to you. we are glad that you made it to this glorious wednesday night. i'm watching the ladies tonight reporting with a bold mix of interesting and crazy stuff. we have camille with us breaking down polity that she thinks that a lady president needs. she says that the highest power speake

to join the conversation, like us on facebook. >> each week, american history tv's american artifacts takes you to museums and historic places. in the second of the museum of the american revolution, we visit the artifact collection. >> i am scott stevenson. i am the director of interpretations for the museum. i'm in charge of the team developing exhibitions and programs that will be in the new museum in philadelphia. this is about a century old startup. we have been working on the project in philadelphia, the final stages, for about five years. we expect to open early in 2017 and have a place to show off all of these wonderful and amazing original objects from the revolutionary era. for a general view looking at 18th-century firearms, they tend to look alike after a while. this is a significant piece that speaks to the power of the idea that we are animating the men and women who made the country and particularly the men who served under arms during the revolution. if you look at these pieces of continental currency, you will notice the designs. these have been selected under the dir

we're not irish americans or indian americans or african-americans, we're all americans.need to make that point. we used to proudly call this country the melting pot. you can be proud of your heritage. my parents came here over 40 years legally. >> so much has been made of the fact that barack obama is the first black president. hillary is saying she wants to be the first woman president. we've got marco rubio and ted cruz, they would be the first hispanic presidents, you would be the first indian american president. even though you don't like hyphenated americans. the republican party is far more diverse? >> we judge people based on ideas, accomplishments. the democrats are about to chiln contest. let's compare our records j policies. in terms of unifying our people, this president has done so much damage, this whole politics of envy, class warfare redistribution. that's not how we got here. >> how do you describe barack obama and his presidency? >> first of all, from my perspective it's a complete failure. but he was honest with us on one thing. in 2008, when he was cam

you are watching american tv. 48 hours of programming of american history on c-span3. follow us on twitter at c-span history for information on our schedule of upcoming programs and to keep up with the latest history news. >> r scott stevenson from the museum of the american revolution explores the history of the 18th century battle flag. three rare flags were on display last month, including george washington's commander-in-chief flag. he discusses the importance of each flag. this hour-long event was cohosted by the museum of the american revolution. >> is really exciting to be here. it started with an idea to talk about flag day and then we realized that in fact there were three flags being stored here and one in the collection of the museum of the american revolution, two that are the property of an anonymous, very generous owner and lender, who has consented to have them on display for this afternoon. so this is an extraordinary opportunity. i'm not sure there is anywhere else on the planet why you can stand in the room and be in the presence of three banners of l

spirit as we enter century three of american life.he president said "as all of you know, we are gathered for an opportunity that comes to a people once in a century. the celebration of the 200th anniversary of the united states , it will take place in 1976. and we are starting to plan now. we have representatives from the federal government, and most of the states in the nation, to plan that celebration. i would like to speak to that subject briefly. speak to it in a way that most of you would not have thought of. would not have thought of because traditionally, when we think of a celebration, we think of the nation's past and we glory in that past. we think of the nation's present and we consider the problems we must deal with. the celebration, i would hope, would look towards america's future. it will set goals for the year 1976 which we can achieve. in the space of seven years, we can achieve great goals so that when 1976 comes, we can look back over the 200 years with even greater pride then we did 100 years ago. i refer to the ea

we are the inheritors of the american spirit of the american dream. the american century. you our planes flown the blood of men and women who refused to accept the burdens of the last -- of the past or resign their ways to the old ways to doing things. the verdict of our time will be written by those who have not yet been born. let them ride that we did our part. but in the early years of the century we turned the corner on the past. we elected new leaders for new time. we adopted policies that encouraged americans to invest in the products of tomorrow, manufacture them and tell them throughout the world. we design higher education that a lot letter middle-class to perform the great work and leave them great rewards of the century. time has brought us to this doorstep of the future. whether we turn the knob and push over step across the threshold of the new age whether we embrace the century with its challenges and opportunities, its dangers, is a decision that is ours alone to make. i say we have lingered long enough. i invite you to step forward with me together. thank y

it was a spoil of the spanish american war. the u.s. has been paying $4,000 a year in rent for decades, but fidel castro stopped cashing the checks in the 1960s, and called on the u.s. to leave. >> i think that the united states has a historical debt it owes cuba on this front. it's clearly the terms of the initial agreement were unfair unbalanced and a different time history. >> as diplomats haggle over lingering hurdles with frayed and travel trust may be the biggest obstacle for many cubans born and raised to fear the stars and stripes. >> the same way they bombed iran and iraq we felt we had to protect ourselves from possible attacks from the united states. >> joining me now, michael a ph.d. candidate in latin american history in yale specialising in cuban-u.s. history. welcome to the programme. i was making a couple of quick notes before we began. telecommunications banking, terms of trade, harmonisation of maritime standards - when you work hard at being strangers for 54 years, isn't there a lot to do more than reopening embassies

american foreign-policy. he describes the 1893 world's fair in chicago and the expansion of the u.s. navy navy as ways america began to build an international presence. this is about an hour and 10 minutes. >> today we are going to talk about america's emergence as a global power. the transformation that occurred in the u.s. in the late 19th century, transformations that changed the country from being one country distant from the center of international conflict and activities into becoming a central actor. not the most dominant, most powerful. a country to be reckoned with. one way to think about this is the u.s. goes from being a continental power after the civil war to being a power now with international range it did not have before with a whole new set of problems related but also different from the issues of the post-civil war decades we dealt with before. in the first proposition central to the way we think about american history is the u.s. is always an international society. international in the obvi

stop. >> i'm hungry. >> it stop because used up. 6% of american food goes abroad. 10 million americanen are fighting hungry. 130 million american civilians are hungry. get going, farmer. it's up to you. more farming. more corn. more beans. more milk. more rhubarb. more spinach. more grapefruit. more cabbage. more grains. >> grains for bread, grains for life. >> this is the marine. when do i eat? >> get going. >> i've got to eat to. >> this is as fast as i can go. using patched up machinery and every available acre is under cultivation. seems to me if i was one of the big fellows in washington, i would do a bit of thinking. trying to figure out some way to spread the food so it will cover more. see what i mean? i'm warning you. that's all you're going to get. that's all i can give you. no more. do hear me? no more. from now on it is up to you. >> they heard him in washington and worked out a system to make the food go around. a plan to see to it that everyone gets an equal share of what there is. that plan is called rationing. ♪ >> ♪ everybody gets their share get the points, mrs. brow

we are not indian-americans, african americans irish-americans, rich americans or poor americans.are all americans! [cheers and applause] governor jindal: and while i'm at it, here's another thing you're not allowed to say but i'm going to say it anyway. we cannot allow people to immigrate to our country so they can use our freedoms to undermine our freedoms. [cheers and applause] governor jindal: that is exactly what has happened in europe where they have second, third generations of immigrants who refuse the embrace the values and culture of the countries they have moved into. we must not let that happen here. [applause] governor jindal: it is not unreasonable to demand, if you want to immigrate to america, you must do so legally, you must be ready and willing to embrace our values, learn english and roll up your sleeves and get to work! [cheers and applause] governor jindal: let's do something different, let's actually tell the truth about our political situation. that's right, it is a mess. republicans must stop being afraid to lose. if we try to hide who we are again, we will

misty copeland is the first african/american woman to be the principal dancer at the american balletatre and she was a voice for diversity long before this milestone. >> take a bow. [applause] misty cope land is used to applause but this is historic, the 32-year-old balarina was promoted to the highest rank of the american ballet theatre becoming the first african/american principal dancer in the company 75 year history. >> i'm just so honored, so extremely honored to be a principal dancer, to be an african/american and to be in this position. >> reporter: copeland's promotion came with the lead in swan lake and another historic achievement to her repitoir. >> it's the beginning. >> reporter: coming at the age of 13 a late start, she was told by many of her detractors. that struggle documented in this commercial for under armor that racked up 8 million views on youtube. >> dear candidate, thank you for your application to our ballet academy. unfortunately you have not been accepted. >> reporter: since that time copeland has soared silencing his critics and joined at 17 and was an sol

we can and choose to be better for native americans. new americans. and disadvantaged americans.et's keep pushing, get health care coverage to more of the uninsured. we can address climate change and extreme weather. while protecting american jobs. i believe that these priorities, education, infrastructure, health care, environmental stewardship and a strong middle class are american's priority. now, i'm also running for president because we need to be very smart in these volatile times overseas. i'd like to talk about how we found ourselves in the destructive and expensive chaos in the middle east and north africa. and then offer my views on seeking a peaceful resolution. there were 23 senators who voted against the iraq war in october of 2002. 18 of us are still alive and i'm sure every one of us has our own reasons for voting no. i'd like to share my primary three. the first reason is that the long, painful chapter of the vietnam era was finally ending. this is my generation. and the very last thing i wanted was any return to the horrific bungling of events into which we put o

you are watching american history tv. >> you are watching american history tv. 48 hours of programming on american history every weekend on seas and three. follow us on twitter for information on our schedule of upcoming programs and to keep up with the latest history news. next, an overview of the civil war in 1865. this year's summer conference focused on the end of the war and the aftermath area this as about one hour.

a young woman named phyllis wheatley the first published african-american poet in american history. phyllis wheatley had been enslaved off the west coast of africa probbablably in gambia or senegal and brought to the new world in the 1750's at 8 years old. she eventually was sold to a family by the name of weekly in -- wheatly in massachusetts. the daughter taught her to read and write. she had a real natural talent for writing verse. and, of course, at the time, this was an extraordinary development. so much so that there were those she began publishing pieces in the newspaper and they began -- begin to be circulated. there was a trial held in boston where people like john hancock and other figures in the community were brought together to basically put her on trial, ask her questions to try to determine if it was possible that this african-american woman could have written poetry like this. of course, she passed. and they actually wrote a testimonial saying that they believed that she, in fact, had been the talented writer who produced this poetry. and so, in 1773, she travel to l

native americans irish-americans, asian americans, jewish, christian and muslim americans, young andld, rich and poor, workers and business owners, gay, lesbian, and transgendered, and straight americans. all of us are needed. [applause] gov. omalley: in our idea of country, there is no such thing as a spare american. there is, however, a growing gap of injustice in our country today. it is the gap between the strong, just nation that our children need us to be and the nation that we are endangered of becoming. today in america, 70% of us are earning the same or less than we were 12 years ago. this is the first time that that has happened on this side of world war ii. today in america, family-owned businesses and farms are struggling to compete with ever larger concentrations of corporate power. 50 years ago, the largest employer was gm and the average gm employee could send his kid to college on two weeks wages. today in america, with dreams of college and a decent paying job and a secure retirement slipping beyond the reach of so many, the american dream seems for so many of us to

many americans were-- iraq, many americans were, half were against it.he rest of the world looked at americans. maz can tell you about the iranian people, most are pro-american, it's the government. you don't hear me say anything positive. i'm critical of the israeli government. we are all critical of our own government. we have to deal with what we are talking about. the people of the country are not representative especially in iran or by the regime. it's important to make. >> at what point will we see america is a country to gun in an imperialist way, we are interested in what makes us a superpower. we don't trust anyone who is pro-american. if we don't trust them, they can't trust us. the way in which we have dealt with iran is similar to iraq. that is to say we think that they have nuclear capacity, and most credible sources on the issue don't think the iranians have a massive capacity, whatever nuclear capacity they have, it's not come pairable to the amount of nuclear weapons in the u.s. and that israel scr. >> are you comfortable with the united

they don't have the kind of money the americans did. >> translator: when americans first came, there lots of money and people here didn't have money, there were no expectations. then money came and the people had big expectations now there is no money but people still want the same standard of living. >> reporter: the afghan government tries to help by supplying electricity to the park for eight hours a day. not enough he says, to keep his ice cream cold and his machinery running. for that, he depends on this chief engineer . i ask him what kind of problems he faces. power he says. every problem we have here is because of power. earlier today this production line was making thousands of ice cream cones and ice cream bars when the electricity from the city came on it was i want mit i want and caused some sort of mechanical problem, these gentlemen are trying to fix it so they can get all this working again . electricity spikes mean that software malfunctions being machinery breaks down and, profits melt away . he uses his own generators to keep his business afloat . since march, fuel

the finalists as americans today. the collection has really been put together over the last century. it started with the acquisition of the tent that caused -- that housed george washington. >> we will very carefully revealed part of the wall of the tent. what you are seeing, this is an image that is showing the way the tent will actually displayed in the museum. it will be in an object theater it will be in its own climate controlled case, not unlike star-spangled banner museum of american history. the tent is composed of a roof and a sidewall that haynes from the roof that hangs from the roof. in a lot of ways it is a very contemporary style of tent. what you are seeing laid out here is the linen wall of that tend. this is what was known as a soft cloth. this is the bottom of the wall that hangs down. that would fall to the inside of the tent to try to keep raymond dirt and critters from coming inside the tent very easily. then there would have been a line of little iron hooks and eyes along the top of that wall. as

that is the american spirit. [cheering] gov. walker: you see, in america, the opportunity should be equal but the outcome is up to each and every one of us here across this great country. that is why we just took a day off to celebrate the fourth of july and not the 15th of april because in april, we celebrate our independence from the government, not our dependence on it. [cheering] gov. walker: that is why i love america. that is why we, we, we love america. and working together, we can fight and win for america. thank you for coming out. god bless you all for being here. bless our military. and may god continue to bless the united states of america. [cheering] ♪ >> nasa promises a planetary unveiling. that is live. here about the power customs has to influence deportation cases and giving some illegal immigrants legal status. we will have a look at the european union and their future. more presidential politics. hillary clinton says, if elected, she will build an economy that benefits everyone. she spoke at a progressive univ

government and the american people, i find that satisfactory. as compensation for the harm caused to me by the government of the iran, woefully inadequate, and the iranians didn't pay it. >> some lawmakers want to try a different approach to set up a fund to comment former hostages. the idea put forward is to add a surcharge to penalties and fines to businesses or persons who violateded certain conditions. 36 years after the embassy was seized in tehran, the former hostages and their attorney know that time is of the essence. >> the crisis that separated the two countries was the kidnapping of the embassy. there can't be a new understanding until that has been remedied. >> john was working as a foreign services officer at the u.s. embassy in iran. he was among those held hostage. that's him waving in a photo taken after iran released the hostages. he served as a deputy assistant secretary of state for iran during the obama administration. he's author of a book, negotiating with iran, wees lings the ghost of history, and heins me now. >> thank yo

i've seen american life.'ve seen it from the red dirt of a west texas cotton field from a campus in college station, texas, from the elevated view of ac-130 cockpit -- a c-130 cockpit and from the capital in texas. >> [cheering] [applause] rick perry: see, i had the great privilege to serve a rural community in the texas legislature, and i led the world's 12th largest economy. >> [cheering] [applause] rick perry: i know that america has experienced great change but what it means to be an american has never changed. we are the only nation in the world founded on the power of an idea that all -- that all are created equal, that they are endowed by their creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, and liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. >> [cheering] [applause] rick perry: our rights come from god, not from government. >> [cheering] [applause] rick perry: our people are not the subjects of government, but instead, government is subject to the people. >> [applause] rick perry: it has al

world, foreigners click americans have gone to help -- including americans have gone to help and report on events and been kidnapped. they have been pawns by political extremists or garden variety extreme is who want a big payday. when americans were killed by their captors or died in areas meant to free them. life and death decisions is tonight's "inside story." welcome to "inside story." i'm ray suarez. the countries vary. the kidnappers have a wide range of motives and the hot tadges have --hostages have varied. some escaped some were murdered by their captors, others killed by military efforts to free them. through all these variations the u.s. government's long standing policy has remained consistent. al jazeera am lisa stark takes a closeer look . >> for decades, the rise of terrorism, the u.s. has had the same official policy, when it comes to americans taken hostage overseas. >> the u.s. policy is rooted in tradition and doctrine. which the premise is, no concessions. no trades, no payments. >> reporter: but in the last year the horrific beheadings of two american journalists an

they were americans. although they might not have had every real opportunity for themselves, they knew that their children could accomplish anything. my brother and i worked on our farm as kids. when i was in college, during christmas and summer vacations i worked at the fleishman's factory with my cousin and in the evenings and weekends we would come home and work on the farm. for my dad, working two jobs was the norm. he would leave the house at 5:00 in the morning, deliver mail throughout the day, come home and work on the farm until it was dark. if the phone rang in the middle of the night, he would answer it as captain of our volunteer firefighters. today, my brother is an astrophysicist and i'm a candidate for the highest office in the country. [applause] mr. pataki: this is the promise of unlimited opportunity america held for my family and for me. it is that promise of unlimited opportunity, that belief in america which i want to restore for every family and every child and every community in amer

using the bible, and then using american folklore and tradition and american songs and so on and blending them together very very ingeniously. and king understood that he's using biblical passages which are familiar to his black and his white audience, as a way of inducing a bad conscious in his white listeners. and i think king did that very effectively. and one of the people on whom it worked was buckley himself. so that in '62, '63, buckley is becoming more and more sympathetic to the objectives of the desegregation movement. and then of course in '63, that's really the crucial year. because that was the time when conner and birmingham set fire hoses and attack dogs on demonstrators. and in the fall of '63, that's when the church was blown up with the four girls inside, who were killed at sunday school. and buckley realized the defensive stage riots is now being completely lyly lyly gone. so at that point he becomes more and more sympathetic to the civil rights movement. not because he had ever been -- i don't think he wanted to be interested in it. if you're a political commentator, y

but i think most americans -- it can't be enough to be an american to go to mcdonald's. i mean, that can't be the only adhesive that holds us together it has to be something else. and it's our history, and particularly the revolution, but our whole history is what really holds us together. and if people can come to believe in that history or in the ideals that come out of that history, then that's enough of an adhesive, i think. c-span: you mentioned great britain. where are you over there? >> guest: i'm in london. c-span: doing what? >> guest: oh, actually, just writing. i'm writing a book on franklin just about completing it. c-span: and what about ben franklin? >> guest: well, he's an interesting american because he's the least american, in a way, of the revolutionary leaders. he spent most of his adult life, the last years of his life, the last 33 years of his life, abroad and really didn't know a lot of americans. when he comes back here to die all of his friends have either died away or they've become loyalists. so he doesn't have a lot of contacts here. he's a ver

there's a sobering new poll of americans asking are you proud to be an american?ntrast the number that we just got from one we got about a decade ago. here's the new number. >> this was taken in early june. how proud are you to be an american, 54% extremely. only a little? who answers that. only a little patriotic. >> a little more than half our country is extremely proud to be an american. let's do it to what tucker is talking about. let's compare it to 2003 where 70% of our country said they were extremely proud to be an american and the reason i believe we're seeing these numbers change dramatically over the course of 12 years is because people are not happy with this administration. i don't think it has anything to do with how proud you are with your grandparents did in world war ii. we have a producer who said we feel less pay interest tree yotic -- patriotic when you don't feel as free. >> they certainly feel under attack by this government. this is the bottom line on the administration. if you are the president of the united states, this is the main number

some are african-american.se, like 14-year-old salvador was born in the u.s. - a small town north of san francisco. today he is living here. the violence and at times lawless mexican state. [ gunfire ] >> reporter: considered the birthplace of mexico's drug lords. his parents, like millions of others, escaped the region by trekking across the desert and into the u.s., where they lived for nearly 15 years, giving birth to salvador and his two sisters. the threat of deportation and a downturn in the u.s. any forced his parents to return to mexico. >> i was having trouble finding work, and with three kids to support, i decided to go back. >> reporter: rather than break up the family, the kids wept with the persons, travelling south, over the border to a country they had never seep. they had no immigration papers or passports. they are undocumented americans lying in mexico. >> to cross the land border from the u.s. you don't nee a passport. at a basic level many are not documented as u.s. citizens. nearly half a m

american history tv was at the organization of american historians meeting. we spoke with authors and graduate students about their research. >> treva lindsey, you are the assistant professor of women gender and sexuality studies at ohio state university. the title of your panel here in st. louis organization of historians meeting, women behaving badly. what does that mean? prof. lindsey: it is a nice play on words. we are looking at women who challenged the norm at the time. whether that was gender norms or what women should be doing or activism they should be involved in, what role they should have in the public sphere. so we thought of them as behaving badly or outside of the boundaries. i looked at a woman named lucy diggs slowe and how she really challenged howard to become a more progressive space, a place more inclusive for the women attending there, and preparing women for careers outside of the home. in the second panel, we looked at the president of bennett college. we looked at the sit in's. how she was involved. in the last, a person who married a

of american history during the 18th century was the emergence of american identity.benjamin franklin like everyone else of his generation, george washington, thomas jefferson, you name it you name it, they were all morning was an died american so how so how did this happen? my book on andrew jackson was about the emergence of american democracy. moved onto the adult stage as the previous figure steps on command this is partly because as a biographer i will be the first to confess i don't do childhood very well. this is maybe my personal taste. the obligatory letters from little franklin roosevelt to his mother. there are lots i could've chosen from them about one hour to make the point. let's get. let's get on to the adult life. i deliberately arranged it so that my figures would be adults by the time they have to take over from the previous. by previous. by the time they received the baton. so jackson is 23. ulysses grant is in fact 23 when andrew jackson dies. theodore roosevelt is just three or four years out of college when ulysses grant dies. and so on. get down