so american indians was first and then native americans. now we use native and indigenous and use them interchangeably. >> let's chat with a few callers. clifton is waiting in delaware. good morning. you're on with kevin gover. >> caller: good morning. my family can go all the way back to the doji indians. we carry their english name of showell who took us in under the king and queen of england. so we have been disfranchised from the native americans and now they are telling us that we do not exist. and we do exist here on the eastern shore. >> mr. gover? >> yes, that's not uncommon. i'm not familiar with the particular culture that you're talking to, but, you know, after contact and after the confrontation quite often with the colonies or with the states native communities scattered and went underground. and so there are a great many ou out there, even to this day, who are saying we are native, we are a tribe and are petitioning the you state to be acknowledged as such. >> mary is next out of somerset, ohio, on that line set aside for nati

fifth generation americans. the leading scholar is saying close ranks, most african americans believe that. many of them will support the war. however, there is a third conversation going on. rand off, when you walk into the exhibition, you see his quote, we would rather make georgia safe -- each one of those have an image. an image under him is three individuals and a cake cake a regalia. the image that you see under randall's quote and the image of the president and the capital and the image of young men joining the war are all within a year span. when you understand that african americans are going to fight a war to make the world safe for democracy and many of them believe that the world and america would be safe for than when they get back you will understand the rest of the exhibition. >> >> the exhibition we are exploring today, fighting the african experience in world war one, a special phone line for african-american veterans, (202)-748-8002. otherwise, phone lines split up regionally. eastern, central

americans. estimate somewhere between 12000 and 18,000 american service personnel died during thecustody eight years of the revolutionary war. >>during the american revolution sunday and i crack a.m. eastern, 6:00 pacific on american history tv. >> in his book "captives of liberty: prisoners of war and the politics of vengeance in the " historyrevolution. professor t. cole jones illustrates inhumane conditions inside 18th-century prison camps and examines how the presidential congress don't with thousands of pows. a population that sometimes outnumbered the american army. next professor jones discusses his book at the american society of cincinnati. >> good evening, everyone. it's so nice to see you here this evening. good friends and new faces. clark, the library at the american revolution institute of the society of cincinnati. it is my pleasure to be the one to introduce t. cole jones, who will speak to us about his new book "captives of liberty: prisoners of war and the politics of vengeance

just as powerful as american guilt was the idea of american goodness. pride in american compassion and generosity spurred americans to take action. the idea that the united states was the benevolent leader of the free world converged with religious ideas. the idea that the united states needed to be the good samaritan. finally refugee advocates argued that americans should not admit refugees because americans are good, but because refugees are good for america. one senate resolution from 1975 declared this period of influx of refugees and exiles conservative to keep us humble, saving us from the sins of arrogance, pride and self-righteousness. now i need to tell you the support for refugees really was small compared to the opposition to refugees. despite the lofty ideals and passioned advocacy of refugee supporters, in reality the majority of americans consistently opposed the resettlement of southeast asian refugees. and this sentiment was by no means a new development in american culture. public opinion polls indicate that consistently throughout the

through the eyes of others, african-american and identity in american art. in her new book, driving while black, just out today, professor tells the story of the indispensable book which both reshaped the african-american traveling experience throughout our segregated land and help drive the civil rights movement. please welcome gretchen to the freak library. [applause] >> good evening. it's wonderful to be here in philadelphia. i apologize that rick wasn't able to join us this evening, he had a bit of an emergency but i hope you will enjoy the preview of our film that he sent along. i'm going to talk, i'm sure many of you have seen a green book movie, i'm going to talk this evening about something, the story is about the automobile and the role the automobile played in african-american life. i would like you all to think about how important your mobility is to you. how important is it that you are able to travel where you want to, when you want to, how important is that to american liberty? the ability to travel freely is something all of us in this room ta

american because they have never tasted the fruits of americanism. he went on a long run about just because you are at the table doesn't mean you are what? doesn't mean you are dining. right? just because you are in america doesn't mean you are an american. he would constantly make that analogy. i am sure you have heard people make that analogy since then. do they quote malcolm x when they say that? no, they don't, right? so i think this was sort of critical. and i think finally, he also wanted african-americans to have a positive perspective, or realistic perspective, i should say, on africa because he believed, particularly by 19 to steve for, that -- particularly by 1964 that africa and newly d colonized african nations would be critical in african-americans finally gaining what he called their human rights, finally gaining their freedom. what's important for us to understand is how and why he thought that the world, specifically africa, could play a leading role in the redemption, in the improvement and advancement, of african-americans. that's w

is the point, that native americans are americans, and that americans really cannot escape the indigenous contributions to this country. >> a viewer from ohio brings up a topic that is very much in the cultural discussion. the viewer is from clark county, ohio, saying the mascot at schools here are ridiculously in error -- a chief in full headdress is called a warrior. our chiefs are represented as red, white, and blue figures. it is a flagrant disregard of cultural differences. there are four schools in this county with the same clipart images as warrior, chief, and braves. the education regarding these figures is absent from the curriculum. insult to injury. would you say? >> i totally agree with all of that. it is insulting, it is quite often racist. i have concluded that non-natives simply cannot be trusted with native american imagery. the football fans in this city tell us we are honoring native americans, and then they dress up with feathers and behave like fools and tell us that they are honoring us. well, they are not. they are engaging in racist conduct. we are offended, we are

american .american leadership around the world is paramount in keeping americans safe, and i'm concerned today about this administrations ability to do so. with that i yield back. >> i now yield to mr. bera. >> thank you, mr. chairman. mr. secretary, i'm a doctor and on wednesday we found out that my former colleague at universe of california davis are treating the first possible case of community transmission of coronavirus in the united states. states. my home county of sacramento has been reminded that disease has no borders. so following my colleague, i'm deeply alarmed by our approach to iran in terms of impacting and the fight against coronavirus. mr. secretary, do you believe that sharing data about new diseases like coronavirus makes america and the world safer? >> yes. >> and mr. secretary, do you believe that iran is up to the fight against coronavirus? >> their healthcare infrastructure is not robust, and to date their willingness to share information about what's really going on insi

americans are still dying. when some are released, william howard released some, they will come back to their communities , and they will be diseased, and they will be traumatized by the experience of these prison ships. they are going to tell their families and anyone who will listen about how barbaric the british have been. this is going to stir up support for the revolution. this is, for many people who are on the fence, will now say, no, no, this is wrong. additionally, people will start saying, it's time. we played nice too long. it's time. as one citizen writes, he says, "it's time to revenge the innocent blood of the children. if they will put our men on ship, we should put their men on ships." retaliation, proportional. that's by the laws of war. but this call for retaliation is going to spiral into demands for vengeance. vengeance is not proportional. it is an act of revenge. i call this process the politics of vengeance. because, as it turns out, george washington does not have a monopoly on violence.

american history. this looks at the national debate over the indian removal act and the impact on southern tribes. associate curator paul chaat smith leads us through the americans exhibit, which examines how indian imagery is prevalent in toys and mascots. >> this exhibition is built on a paradox, the riddle. it is this, the paradox in 2018 the united states is a country of 283 million people. and american indians are perhaps 1% of that population. most americans live in urban areas, parts of the country where they never actually see american indians. and yet in american life, indian images, advertising, mascots, surround people every single day. the show is about exploring the strange contradiction of how prevalent american indians are in american life, really from the earliest memories of americans throughout their life, and yet somehow it was never really noticed much, never seems important. the territorial team decided to call this phenomenon "indians everywhere it is about normalizing what's actu

that gives americans a stake in the war. we will get dragged in if americans die. during world war i, woodrow wilson asserted this as a basic american right. we should not have to worry that our lives in are danger when we are traveling. now americans are saying no, it is too dangerous. it is okay for the federal government to forbid that so if it happens, et cetera not our responsibility, the government doesn't have to protect people or avenge people who have been hurt in this way. again, should the united states allow american ships to go anywhere or should they stay out of war zones? 84%, stay out of war zones. again, this is the opposite of the first world war. wilson had argued that americans ships should be free to go wherever they want. we are a neutral country. we are not at war. we should not be endangered just because we are carrying on trade. now, in the 1930s, again, this is right at the beginning of the war itself, september, 1939. 84% said stay out of the war zones. so there is some movement on that one point, should we be allowed to sell arms to brit

every reasonable american understands we need to help our fellow americans. how about we just keep them hole? whatever you have been making, you're out of work, through no fault of your own, we will continue to make sure you make that amount of money. that amount of money should pay her mortgage, rent, car payment, food, groceries, pharmacy. this is not good for the american economy. it's not fair to the american taxpayers who are all in. america is willing to help out their fellow americans. make them whole during this brief period of time. those that deserve the help deserve help, period. no bolshevik bernie sanders for me to stop the whole bill if this language is removed. more delays for those people that have been waiting and waiting and waiting and desperately deserve our help. so let's be clear. here's what the democrats have been blocking. they've been blocking a relief bill for american workers. pbs, npr? the kennedy performing arts center? so they can get big payday and bolshevik bernie and get his socialist wish list completed. $1200 direct. this i

it was written for the american people to help organize the american people politically. the declaration of independence of course was a lot more than just a political document declaring the independence of these 13 colonies and the calling forth of new states. that's what they are now. they will no longer be colonies. they are states. independent, political units that now have the authority to create their own constitutions, their own governments and to forge alliances with foreign powers. but the declaration was more than that. in 1825 thomas jefferson was asked by henry lee what his object, what the purpose was in writing the declaration of independence. he wrote, quote, this was the object of the declaration of independence. it was intended to be an expression of the american mind. now think about what that means. an expression of the american mind. so on the one hand what it clearly and obviously means is that the declaration is a summing up of all the principles that the americans had been searching for during the years of the imperial crisis. it's a summing up. whe

this is not the america that the american people want. the american people want us to act. the gap between what the american people are clamoring for and what the republican majority in the senate is giving them is as wide as the grand canyon and is growing by the day. just look at the polls. staggering numbers closing in on 90% of americans support universal affordable health care. with these numbers, you would think republicans would be making sure that every american has health care, but instead republicans have tried to dismantle the affordable care act every chance they get. as we speak, president trump and 18 republican governors and attorneys general are urging the supreme court to strike down the affordable care act. the american people want -- the american people want exorbitant prescription drug prices reeled in. 80% of americans think the cost of prescription drugs are far too high, and we all know that big pharma is the reason why. yet legislation to reduce drug costs is also -- is also stuck, stuck among the hundreds of other bills on the majority leader's desk

what we are trying to do is talk about american history through the african-american lens. to understand how influential it is in the history of this country, the more that we do that, the better informed we think the public will be. >> i agree. with john hope franklin. my sense is that american history is the history of afro we have acans, while museum for african american history, this really is a museum of america. for those of you who have not gone through the museum, who are just here to hear us battle in public, you should come back to see the whole museum. it's really spectacular. >> one-day. this for several days, but we keep coming back, we will be glad to have you. holcombeadd that john was the head of this museum's creation, making sure that we tell the unvarnished truth. that is what this museum tries to do, tell a truthful story, sometimes painful. truth is the core of what we try to do, to make sure that people understand. >> let's start with the truth about third of marshall. he passed a little bit more than a quarter of a century ago. there are probably sign

[cheers and applause] nave american, asian american, gay and straight.heers and ap] [chanting "bernie!"] sen. sanders: and we are going to win this election, we are going to win this election because the american people, and this is something jesse jackson has been fighting his whole life, are sick and tired of big money interests dominating our political process. [cheers and applause] we believe that democracy is one person, one vote, not billionaires buying an election. [cheers and applause] and that is why we are going to support a constitutional amendment to guarantee voting rights for every american. [cheers and applause] we are through with the voter suppression. [cheers and applause] we are through with the excess of gerrymandering. and we are going to move this country to public funding of elections so all people can vote. [cheers and applause] and we are going -- people say, how do you unify the american people? we are divided. i will tell you how you unify the american people. you give them an agenda that all working people support. that's how

let's call that the american debate over american involvement in world war ii. this is the most important debate in all of american history, and public opinion probably more than any previous debate mattered here in part because for the first time it was a way of gauging public opinion. the gallop poll organization had begun regularly polling the american people. and so leaders had a much better sense, a much more direct sense what the people actually thought. so you're going to see a lot of polling data in this, in fleshing out exactly what americans thought. so we'll focus quite a bit on public opinion and talk about actual policy as a reflection of that public opinion. at the start of the war in europe my argument is that there were two basic positions held almost unanimously by the american people. they wanted britain and france to win the war, to defeat germany, and they did want the united states to have to fight in that war to make it happen. and over the course of the 2 plus years of this debate nothing that happened really changed fundamentally those tw

siegel, the number of americans impacted and the number of americans who died in this country. i don't remember this reaction. what is the difference? >> i think you're right, sean. this president has taken the right steps when it comes to the travel ban. he's taken the right steps reaching out to the health insurance companies and pharmaceutical industry, doing the things that make sense. what i also liked about his speech tonight was the tone he took. i learned a long time ago, you want to accomplish anything of meaning or significance, any worthwhile goal it takes work, it takes effort, it takes sacrifice and frankly it takes some time and he conveyed that to the american people, but he also conveyed an important concept. america and americans always rise to the challenge, and we get things done and we get to the goal in the end. that's the message i think he communicated and he 2k3407b straighted that by the allegations he and the vice president and his administration have taken to deal with this issue and i think the american people appreciate all of that. >> sean: tammy,

african-americans. also this evening, washington post columnist, ej offers his thoughts on how more democrats can win in the 2020 election. current talks about the strengths and weaknesses of president trump's foreign policy. the two-party system is damaging america's democracy. in former chicago mayor and chief of staff, emmanuel offers a firsthand account of how innovation is taking place in cities across the country. check your program guide for more information. now, here's gretchen discussing her book, driving while black. >> welcome to the free library in philadelphia. director and author. i do have one unfortunate update to our program, rick burns will not participate in our discussion this evening due to a work-related trip. however, the good news is that you're going to see a sneak preview of these new documentaries which will be aired on pbs later this year in which is based on ten years of research. a curator with more than 30 years experience, doctor gretchen has consulted for more than 250

american history tv, tonight at 8:00 p.m. eastern on c-span 3. >> american history tv products are now available at the new c-span online store. go to c-spanstore.org to see what is new for american history tv and check out all of the c-span products. >>> the founding fathers had competing visions for westward expansion. duke university professor laura edwards taught on a class on how the law changed many times in the early american republic, depending on who had the most influence. >> so public lands and the legal order. and we're going to catch up just

this day should be an inspiration to every american. because thanks to your leadership from early on not only are we bringing a whole of government approach to confronting the coronavirus we're bringing all of america approach mr president from early on you took decisive action you suspended all travel from china you created travel advisories south korea to italy we screen all travelers from all airports in both of those countries and on the unanimous recommendation of your health experts you at midnight tonight will effectively suspend all travel from europe and americans that were returning will be screened. and asked to voluntarily participate in a 14 day quarantine throughout this process mr president you put the health of america 1st but you brought the best of america to address it and it's not just at the federal level she said mr president we've been working with states across the country we issued broad guidelines and c.d.c. for every american but this week at your direction we tailored specific recommendations from c.d.c. for

hard working american taxpayers. we are providing targeted temporary and timely relief to main street, not wall street. we're not underwriting bad business practices or priming the pump. ultimately we are laying the foundation for rapid economic recovery. this bill is not only a rescue package, it is a commitment. a commitment that your government and the people whom you elected to serve will do everything we can to limit the harm and hardship you face, both now and in the foreseeable future. to the american public if you do your part, i promise we will do ours. mr. speaker, as i said earlier it is our responsibility to act. to put aside our differences and do what's right for the american public. d must be robust, rapid, and resilient just like its recipients. we are going to help americans through this. we are going to do this together. in the end, we are going to be healthier, stronger, and more united than ever before. because as americans that's who we are. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman yi

hard working american taxpayers. we are providing targeted temporary and timely relief to main street, not wall street. we're not underwriting bad business practices or priming the pump. ultimately we are laying the foundation for rapid economic recovery. this bill is not only a rescue package, it is a commitment. a commitment that your government and the people whom you elected to serve will do everything we can to limit the harm and hardship you face, both now and in the foreseeable future. to the american public if you do your part, i promise we will do ours. mr. speaker, as i said earlier it is our responsibility to act. to put aside our differences and do what's right for the american public. d must be robust, rapid, and resilient just like its recipients. we are going to help americans through this. we are going to do this together. in the end, we are going to be healthier, stronger, and more united than ever before. because as americans that's who we are. i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman yi

disproportionately, african-american, latino, and native american. what our administration will be about is investing in our young people in jobs and education. not more jails and incarceration. today, unbelievably, 400,000 people, at this moment, are behind bars, not having been convicted of anything. they are in jail because they are too poor to afford cash bail. we are going to eliminate cash bail in this country. we are going to end private prisons and detention centers. now, it turns out that the president of the united states can do some interesting things through executive orders. in one of them is to make marijuana legal in every state in the country. let me ask you all a question. how many people here know somebody who was arrested for possession of marijuana? that's why we are going to move to expunge the records of people arrested for possession of marijuana. and when we talk about broken and racist systems, we have got to bring a major overhaul to our immigration system. i am the son of an immigrant. my father came to this country from po

this bill is what the american people and the american economy need. it's time to come together as one nation, united, against this outbreak. i urge support for this bill and i yield back. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman yields back the balance of his time. the gentleman from virginia reserves. the gentleman from texas is recognized. mr. brady: yes, mr. speaker. pleased to yield one minute to the gentleman from tennessee, mr. roe. the speaker pro tempore: the gentleman from tennessee is recognized for one minute. mr. roe: -- mr. rose: a month ago our nation stood on the highest mountain top. marveling at the supposed limitlessness of our domain. today barely three weeks later, a wakening from an abundance-induced stupor, we find ourselves deep in the valley. peering perilously into the abyss. i hope that the safety net we are attempting to purchase today with our nation's scarce treasury doesn't dull too much the alarm that this crisis has sounded for our country to reform its ways. i pray that from this low point we will seek out a great reviva

frankly, millions of americans are.ing up a tremendous amount of supplies, masks, especially those critical ventilators. but the impact on the hospitals is very real. that's why it's in the senate bill. let me speak, though. i want to be very clear. what i hear from dr. fauci and dr. birx is actually that we are on a dual track. whether it be the hydrochloric hydrochloroquine or some other helpful medications, we are working with the fda to allow these already illegal medications to be used for off label whose givens by doctors. they can be used for coronavirus. but we are also at the same time -- we are going to do a clinical test so we can be street with the american people about what we know is happening. but i want all our viewers to understand that it is a dual track. this is a president -- it's all of the above. he wants all the resources to be brought to bear. federal, state, local. one last word, if i might, bill. our health care workers, have just done a couple job. >> bill: amazing. >> vice president pence: in

we are going to take care of and have been taking care of the american public and the american economy. we are going to be asking tomorrow, we're seeing the senate, we're going to be meeting with house republicans, mitch mcconnell and everybody, and discussing a possible payroll tax cut or relief, substantial relief, very substantial relief. that's a big number. we're also going to be talking about hourly wage earners getting help so that they can be in a position where they're not going to miss a paycheck. be working with companies and small companies, large companies, a lot of companies so that they don't get penalized for something that's not their fault. it's not their fault, it's not our country's fault. this is something we were thrown into and we're going to handle it and we have been handling it very well. the big decision was early when we shut down our borders, first ones ever to do that. we've never done that in our country before. we'd have a situation that would be a -- that would be a lot more dire. also we're going to be seeing small business administration and creating

our fellow americans are hurting . we rebuilt europe, we save the world from evil into your any time and time again. now it's time to help out our american family. what happens unexpectedly, this morning, they've torpedoed the bill, they are now saying they will not pass anything that doe not include in insane laundry list of unrelated items. nothing to do with corona. i predicted this would happen. why are they delaying critical aid and financial assistance to american workers come out small businesses, large businesses, that if had to shut down? this is what they want. they want tax credits for windmills and solar power. they want their green new deal one way or the other so they're willing to deny desperate americans in need for this. they also want new admission mandates for the airline industry. mandatory reporting of greenhouse grat gas statistics for early every airline flight. in other words, let's just kick you all in the teeth that work in the airline industry when you're down. americans need to put food on t

and it seems in that era of american history comes on the shadow. and then to remember those years and then it was not the norm and then the exception to the norm. and then to be magnified in certain places and the impact on the china shop is one percentage point impact but risk appetite protection from prosperity and then with the dynamism and with that sharp decline the geographical mobility is another reason to worry about dynamism. the body of work is going beyond purpose and structure , et cetera i strongly agree on page 135 but the government needs to do more to those who need it most. but the first disagreement you don't have to be a fan see government as he appears to be to be anti- populist and then to have a dim view of government bureaucrats relatively straightforward so it seems to me that it takes to to tango. the government can provide insurance, human capital and to reword risk taking and hard wor work. i prefer to think of the role of the market in the government to balance your way across the fallen long one - - log. thinkingou of w

now the first american on u.s. a man in his 50s in washington state who had underlying health conditions. uncertainty is already taking a toll on the economy. the dow had its worst week since the 2008 financial crisis, plummeting 12% for the week. this weekend the president blamed democrats and the media for exaggerating the threat, at one point calling the virus their new hoax at a rally on friday night. on saturday, he tried to explain what he meant. >> the hoax referring to the action that they take to try to pin this on somebody, because we've done such a good job. the hoax is on them. >> i sat down with vice president mike pence, who is leading the administration's response effort and began by asking him about the american who died. >> well, it's a tragic loss. the man passed away. he was an individual we believe in his late 50s that also had some other high risk factors. but it doesn't take away from the tragedy. the encouraging news is that of the now 22 americans, including the man who sadly lost his life,

health care workers and migrants these facilities are drawing on american an american health care system that is already fighting the coronavirus pandemic. that's why the president and his adnistration are taking these important steps to keep americans and our imgration system safe from these health risks as part of our the whole of government aroach to combating the coronavirus thank you mister president for the rk that you've been doing throughout this crisis to slow the spread of the coronavirus d to keep our country safe. thank you. and thank mister present. >> we continue to review the da very carefully from around the globe as i know many of ou are, i'm we continue to see signs that again individuals under 2019 and under may have severe disease and majority and all have recovered to date. we still see that same trend and frankly from italy were seeing and their another concerning trend that the mortality and mail seems to be twice in every age group of females. continue our vigilance to to protect. are americans that are in nursing homes. this requires all of the community when you

"the american dream is not dead". what do we mean by the american dream. let's just start from the top. there many definitions and many different things to many different people the freedom, choose how to live your life, to have a good life in a meaningful work and family and strong community can promote retirement and own a home con ownership is a big part of the american dream in the popular imagination. i would argue that a key part of the dream is based on economic success no matter what kind of specific flavor of the american dream you're most interested in, and the mentor your particular definition is an think everybody's definition involves a large economic component loosely defined. the idea that your kids, will grow up to be better off than you, and the idea that you can do better your self through hard work and that you can see your economic outcome advance. and then the idea that there's a rags to riches component. also a strong idea that the idea that you can be poor and grow to be present in sort of thing and this is the kind of part of the am

other americans. you can see now how the displacement of the american indians is tied to this voracious expansion of slavery and of the south. as the white population changed in the same decades, when they you will notice, they are not the same. most white people do not own slaves and cannot afford the land where the big slaveholders moved, and they take their 12 enslaved people and get the best land. you were going to go summer else. he will go in the upcountry or northern mississippi. look at what the result of all of this is. as soon as native americans are driven away, white people are rushing in. you can also see the abandonment of land they had occupied just a few decades earlier. the patterns continue. you can see now, expanding into texas after the war with mexico, into arkansas. now if is picking back up again -- now south carolina is picking back up again. 1850's, this is slavery at full peak. look at how fast texas has filled in with enslaved people. so, as we put all of these pictures toge

american community. our call is to make sure that every sickle child, every -- every single child, every single adult, every single household, every single block, and every single neighborhood stands up and is counted in the census. we want every person in this great country to participate in the census as if your life depends on it. lifese your quality of absolutely depends on it. yield to's my honor to the distinction vice chair of the house democratic congress, katherine clark. rep. clark: thank you, mr. chairman. and thank you to all the leadership of the tri-caucus and the democratic caucus for being here today, and for their work on making sure that every single american is counted. i want to talk to you about how important it is to count our children. andyoungest americans need deserve the resources that are vital on getting an accurate count of children. nutrition assistance, headstart, school funding, afterschool programs, school lunch programs, childhood insurance programs, and other vital prog

we talked -- including native americans. we spoke to him at the organization of american historians' annual meeting in sacramento, california, in 2018. number ofhor of a books including epidemics and enslavement. talk about the cholera epidemic. what was it and how widespread wasn't in the 1800s? >> the cholera epidemic was one of the first global epidemics. cholera is a disease demo to south asia and it spread out of south asia into europe. 1830's a major epidemic in , 8031, 1832, that spread across europe. americans heard about and read about it in newspapers. in 1832ves in america and then spread throughout north america. it's is still in circulation in 1833 in 1834, a global pandemic. affecting millions of people. >> what wasn't and what were its symptoms? what was the prognosis if you have cholera? >> you would not want to get it. it is a bacterial disease that spread through the water, through contaminated water. it quickly inc. abates in the body and create massive diarrhea . within six hours one will lose massive amo

african-americans.s. óoz of thesysygg united states then ther÷x4o]y> a conversatih 1918 in a crisÄá: had beena5l african-aevt(judw their separate7m54hç[y>+@ grievñ we - psj heargj that:kyw theyvam gh7p into the th year "xç+s!]'.)tóeñpp+ african-americans are goino ñ t s exhibition. afjqxq'-american experience in t ."aj[y are3>! split r(p'-american soldiers would 'k"mpy ñ included french they were treated with a level of equality that they had not experienced in america. and so the french who they served with treated them as equal and they were happy to get these soldiers because, remember, in 1917, by the time the u.s. enters the war, the war has been going on for three years for the french and the british and what the british force when you talk about african-americans, very little contact, if any contact between african-americans and british forces during world war i, but the british did have their colonial forces, and i also want to talk about, when you talk about african-american soldiers and th

older americans are more engaged and older americans are more likely to support financially candidatesu want to ensure that you can mobilize your voters to turn out on election day, it's better to have a middle age to an older demographic supporting you. and we'll see on super tuesday whether or not senator sanders can mobilize those young people who support him. soledad: thank you so much for your insight. appreciate it. >> when we come back, why is "likeability" a litmus test for women candidates? >> women still face questions on their femininity, likeability, warmth. >> and from maine to massachusetts, minnesota and more, which democrat can appeal to the most voters on super soledad: when it comes to presidential candidates is "likeability" a litmus test,that's really only applied to women? according to research from the barbara lee family foundation, a non-partisan foundation that looks at the role gender plays in elections, people are less likely to vote for women they don't like, though they'll still back a man they don't like as long as they think he's qualified. and does the me

you do them the american way. speak to dan, bail me out. >> you realize you are repeating chinese propaganda here, i hope you understand. >> what are you talking about? you are repeating chinese propaganda. >> sean: hold on. talk to the facts. >> you're lucky you're not in front of me. >> i strongly suggest you rethink that approach. you are repeating chinese propaganda on this channel, and you know it. stephen miller is outrageous. can you make an intellectual argument about anything? can you make an intellectual argument? you are upset because you are getting called out right now, that's why. control yourself and pipe down. the wuhan virus is a virus from trying out that it's a virus. blaming it, we agreed. wuhan virus is a great idea, calling at the speed 25 virus is accurate. >> why are you taking stephen miller's side then? >> the president does not clarify that americans are exempt from the travel ban. it took two hours to clarify. >> sean: did the president -- >> protected untold thousands of americans, rig

the president's number one issue was to make sure that we protect the american workers and american business. no fault of their own. we have shut down major parts of the economy. and he wants to make sure not only do we protect them but the economy is ready when he's ready to open the country. as you said, in any deal to get a deal done, there's things we like a lot. there's things we would never put in on our own. i want to highlight small business programs, hope to get it up and running next week literally were small business can go in and get a loan immediately. it covers eight weeks of their employees, their incentive to keep their employees. their loan is forgiven if they keep their employees. that covers about 50% of the workforce. for the president, making sure that we have small businesses retain their workers were no fault of their own we have shut them down and they have no business. we also have economic income payments. we have a great program between the treasury and federal reserve where we can inject up to $4 trillion liquidity to help businesses. we can build a small business

to them, to all americans, i say help is on the way. big help and quick help. we are going to take up and pass this package to care for those who are now caring for us and help carry millions of americans throughar these dark economic times. i yield the floor. >> today the white house coronavirus task force provides an update on the outbreak and the federal government response. watch live at 5 p.m. eastern on c-span. >> this week without booktv programs showcasing what's available every weekend on c-span2. tonight we focus on science. >> watch booktv tonight starting at 8 p.m. eastern on c-span2. >> host: erik wasson joining us on the phone, a blooper congressional reporter. erik wasson, we r

that's real american leadership. to confront iran, we will sustain our pressure, continue to protect the american peel and american interests by any means necessary and continue to impose costs on the regime for its campaigns of karne arncarnage a with allies and partners for a more stable and secure middle east. thank you, i look forward to your questions, mr. chairman skbr tha. >> thank you. i recognize myself for five minutes and yield to mr. cicilline. >> thank you, mr. chairman. i'm concerned the so-called maximum pressure campaign against iran has not achieved you promised it would, after all, since january 2nd there have been four iranian attacks on american personnel, had to send 6,000 additional troops to the region and iran is once again on the path toward a nuclear weapon. the american people heard conflicting information from you and other members of the administration about the reasons for the soleimani strike and detailde t detail of its impacts. because of the dishonesty from this administration on thi

siegel, the number of americans impacted and the number of americans who died in this country. i don't remember this reaction. what is the difference? >> i think you're right, sean. this president has taken the right steps when it comes to the travel ban.re he's taken the right steps reaching out to the health insurance companies and pharmaceutical industry, doing the things that make sense. what i also liked about his speech tonight was the tone he took. i learned a long time ago, you want to accomplish anything of meaning or significance, any worthwhile goal, it takes work, it takes effort, it takes sacrifice and frankly it takes some time and he conveyed thatic to the american people, but hed also conveyed an importantto concept. america and americans always rise to the challenge, and we get things done and we get to the goal in the end. that's the message i think he communicated and he demonstrated that by the actions he and the vice president and his administrationon have taken to deal with this issue and i think the american people appreciate all of that. >> sean: tammy,

and the american people -- the american people can be confident that we're going to continue to work this issue. we're going to work with leaders with both parties in congress to make sure not only our federal agencies have all the resources they need but our state and local governments, health care providers, have the resources and the support to provide the care that every american would want. remember, chuck, this is about the lives of the american people.

and americanness. in this context african-americans suffered greatly for lack of a popularly recognized and accepted consumer identity. an identity best facilitated through advertising. enteredwhen kendricks the civil rights narrative. despite being one black man in a predominately white profession'' relation to coca-cola gave him power. why was that? hiredca-cola executives and essentialized kendricks as an nonblack people, and he encouraged this. they invested him with the corresponding authority to how to approach black markets. after world war ii coca-cola was the most recognizable and most loved brand in the world. with an advertising budget that reflected and assured its status as such. meeting kendricks exercised -- aaning kendricks exercised huge influential vehicle for producing and circulating mainstream visuals. with that power he directed coca-cola to recognize and more importantly to represent african-americans as quintessential consumers at precisely the time it mattered most. this is whe

americans. in particular, congressional democrats argued three things about voting rights. all of these had implications for white women. first, they contended that voting was not a natural right to which all citizens were entitled. second, they argued whiteness was a necessary quality for a vote to possess. third, they argued that if african-american men were given the ballot, it would endanger america and americans. i want to break these arguments down for you and give you examples from the congressman themselves. argued,ional democrats primarily, that voting was not an inherent right belonging to all americans. to make this argument they looked to women. because women did not vote, democrats claimed suffrage must be neither a natural right by right of citizenship. john chandler of new york argued "the right to vote is not an inalienable right, it is not a natural right at all. women, minors, and aliens are excluded yet no disgrace attaches to them and being deprived of the privilege to vote n

these businesses employ many americans and deliver important goods and services but if american taxpayers are stepping in to cover their losses it is fair to expect and require that these businesses channel the benefits toward people on their payrolls who work for wages and salary, not those who live off of investment income. i will do all i can to shape our economic package to make it responsible to these goals. fifth, i echo the comments made by my colleague from missouri, the crisis raises long-term questions that must be addressed going forward. we must have real discussions about the virtues and disadvantages of global interconnectedness. modern travel leads to economic growth and better understanding of the world but also facilitates the spread of viruses. instantaneous global communication networks are in economic plus but increased vulnerability to cyber attack. how do we increase american resilience without inhibiting our economic prospects. there are elements of our supply chains, pharmaceuticals and medical products and supplies in particular that must be viewed through a natio

this is american history tv, only on c-span 3. announcer: next, university of notre dame professor darren dochuk talks about the oil indistry's impact on american religion and politics. he's the author of "anointed with oil -- how christianity and crude made modern america." the southern methodist university center for presidential history and clement for southwest studies cohosted this event. mr. graybill: good evening. thanks so much for coming. it seems particularly appropriate given the subject of today's lecture to encourage you to pretend as if you are in church and to move in, scoot in if you would, to give folks who are, not necessarily late arriving, but people who are fashionably on time room to sit. i should say that this answers an age-old question for me. which is if there is anything that can depress the turnout, i think we have the answer. which is no. it was raining cats and dogs a few minutes ago. and i wondered, will there be people there? and sure enough, here you are. i tip my cap to all of you this evening. ra