71% of americans say yes. you see this fear of spies played out in our popular culture and in our political culture. the first american movie, big studio movie to take on naziism is a warner brothers movie from 1939 called "confessions of a nazi spy." we are showing a trailer. it's based on a true story of a nazi spy ring in the united states. ♪ >> i am a nazi spy. i am one of thousands stationed in every part of the united states to steal the secrets of your national defense. there are spies stationed in all of the navy yards in brooklyn, philadelphia, newport news. there are nazi agents in the airport and munition factories. the chief inspector is a german spy. >> a trial in the united states federal court first brought to the attention of a startled nation this amazing danger to its safety and freedom. >> even as americans are thinking about naziism and the threat of naziism in 1939, they are worried about nazi spies on our shores. you see hoover, the head of the fbi, writing in popular magazines like the a

but if you think of the role that played for african-americans very much of american history they were prohibited from traveling freely. travel and the idea of journey is central to the african-american experience. and that begins a journey for african-americans and is central to what it means to be black in this country. but the idea of travel is about forced travel this is a slave path with benjamin mcdaniel in newmarket shenandoah and county to mount pill your for mrs. madison june 1st 1843. so african-americans traveling had to have passes and have permission. freedom was so important, that they ran away. they sold themselves to exercise their freedom of movement. i have a five -year-old great granddaughter was given me the kindergarten cold. the great migration which is the next step in the journey for african-americans is a story of the greatest mass movement of people in this country's histor history. seeking job opportunities in new york and fleeing racism and poverty in the south now 1 million african-americans left their homes seeking refuge in the cities of chicago, new york

and it is will signifies americanness. it is for an american audience. so i think it is just something spooky and subversive about this strange kind of a natural light from a brand-new form of technology. it is in your living room. it is on early in the morning, late at night. and i somehow feel there is something bizarre going on with american consciousness, how this is getting into people's heads in a way we don't fully understand even today. off of this main hall of hundreds of objects and images of indian representations, we have three galleries that look at these huge moments in american history. we'll look at one now. 50 years after the american revolution, the united states passed the indian removal act of 1830. this section of the exhibition is about the trail of tears which was one of the results of the indian removal act. and what we're really looking at here is how the indian removal act in our view is the most significant law ever passed. it was more important than any other single treaty or any other federal action. and we look at why we bel

, british, american loyalists. to figure that out, i had to begin with a premise. the premise was that prisoners of war are problematic. they pose a whole host of logistical as well as political problems. prisoners of war have been a perennial problem in the history of warfare. what do you do when your opponent throws down list arhis and stopping fighting, begging for his life? do you accept that proposition? do you take prisoners? has that person forfieited his life? you can kill them out of hand? if you agree to accept somebody's surrender, then what? how do you feed them, clothe them, shelter them, guard them? where are you going to hold hem? how long will you keep them? what will you do with them? are you going to release them? it's a logistical nightmare in the best of circumstances. it's even worse, even more problematic when the two sides engaged in conflict do not view each other as equals. if you view your opponent as unlawful, uncivilized, maybe even subhuman, then what are you going to do with these pris

german-americans and all things >> german-americans and all things german ultimately would be scorned in this country. the german language was no longer taught in schools. german books were removed from library shelves. there were book burnings in america of german language books. more trivially, sauerkraut became liberty cabbage. hamburgers, liberty steak. german measles, yes, liberty measles. but more seriously, germans were tarred and feathered. they were beaten. a drunken mob lynched a german labor in a small town in illinois -- a german laborer. german musicians did not escape the fury. concert halls became a battleground, a battleground upon which ethnic animosity and patriotic aspirations would be contested. it is worth keeping in mind that in this period, late 19th, early 20 century, the sort of culture of classical music in the united states was really quite teutonic. it was dramatic. rehearsal of u.s. orchestras in this period took place in germany. the majority of orchestral repertoire that was performed was german. most conductors were german, a large number of musicians w

that evening, he delivered a statement to the american people in a prayer in which he read to the american >> almighty god, our sons, pride of our nation, this day, have endeavor, amighty struggle to preserve our republic, our religion, and our avilization and to set free suffering humanity. through. straight give strength to their arms, stuckness to their hearts -- steadfast in their faith. >> the invasion led hitler's army fighting and expanding anglo-american force in the west, and the soviets red army in the east. the allies began to tighten the vise. by 1945, time was running out for german and japanese forces. the year before, the allied forces had moved into -- had pushed into japan's empire. by a 1944, the liberation of the philippines was underweight. ae americans had began bombing campaign of japanese cities. in some of the bloodiest fighting in the war, marines landed on the island of you a joomla! midway between the marianas and tokyo -- landed on the island of iwo jima, midway tokyo. the marianas and franklin roosevelt lived long enough to know that victory was assured. but on

a good american villager asked him -- a good american villager asked, of what trade was his father in france? my father, he replied, does nothing. typical aristocrats. but i have an uncle who is a martial. very good, said the american. that's a very good trade. france's american allies also represented a political danger. well many were enthusiastic about the american fight for freedom, many were nervous about whether the fires of an fervor -- strict anti-france laws were implemented. officers seemingly avoided one another as well. one remarked, one never sees a french officer with an american one. we had a strong understanding between us, but we did not live together. this, i think, is the best thing that could have happened to us, their character being so -- "hardly five of every 100 were not noble, and outside of sharing in military service, they had very little in common with their american homologs, who were often cobblers, butchers, and, most often, innkeepers." french officers felt far more cultural affinity with enemy officers. rochambeau and lausanne invited high-ranking offi

published by the organization of american historians among us under wonderful books of american history are a students guide to u.s. history, figures in the carpet and finally the human person in the american past and why this matters, chuc conjunctiva, gary and civic life in modern america. he's also been a historian active in the service of his country. bill served for 11 years on the national council of the humanities which is the advisory board of the national endowment to the humanities. he's a member of the u.s. sammy -- the commission planning the official public commemoration of america's 250th anniversary in 2026. you as a graduate of st. john's college in an annapolis. he received his phd in history from johns hopkins. with this latest book he's made an extremely contribution to our capacity to understand ourselves. "land of hope" describes itself as an invitation to the great american story and it exists to fill a gap. there's not exactly the shortage of books about american history of course but an accessible narrative account of the art of the american story that understand

enjoy american history tv now and over the weekend on c-span 3. >> every saturday night american history tv takes you to college classrooms around the country for lectures in history. >> why do you all know who lizzie borden is and raise your hand if you ever heard of this murder, the gene harris murder trial, before this class. >> the deepest cause where we'll find the true meaning of the revolution was in this transformation that took place in the minds of the american people. we'll talk about both sides of the story here, right? the tools and techniques of slave owner power and also talk about the tools and techniques of power that were practiced by enslaved people. >> watch history professors lead discussions with their students on topics ranging from the american revolution to september 11th. lectures in history on c-span 3 every saturday at 8:00 p.m. eastern on american history tv and lectures in history is available

despite mexican americans, two thirds were american citizens, just like mexican american the americanizedut in a part of u.s. history that's not as well-known as japanese and american incarceration, we know american xenophobia also spread beyond u.s. borders. at the same time the united states was incarcerating its own residence, the u.s. government was also orchestrating and financing the mass roundup of innocent men, women and children of latin america. the justification was hemispheric security. japanese-americans were a threat to national security, japanese latin america was threatened to our hemispheric security. the goal was to make the nation southern border face infiltrations were attacked by the japanese enemy, including japanese people in the americas. but an unofficial goal that historians found out later is that this nasty deportation was meant to provide a supply of people of japanese ethnicity, and actions that some called hostage shopping who could be traded for americans stranded in the bar harbor. by the time the program ended, 1944, over 2200 men, women and children of j

the american dream is dying. my point is this is bipartisan, something you hear from senior elected officials in both parties, business leaders and public opinion leaders, there is a consensus. my point is the consensus is misplaced. my goal is not to be contrarian. americans have high expectations for their american outcome, their wage growth, high expectations for the success their children will have. that is a good thing. america does a series economic challenges and america faces serious social challenging, not trying to diminish or sugarcoat or ignore any of the real problems we face. i'm trying to be accurate and trying to be accurate about the broad picture of the american experience. how american life is experienced by most people in those circumstances. we are focusing so much on pockets of real struggle for we are confusing those pockets of struggle for the common experience facing people and i think the american people keep hearing that their experience is the same as the experience in places where peo

african-americans and identity in american art. in her new book, driving while black, today it just cannot today. she tells about the indispensable queen book which both reshape the african-american traveling experience throughout her sacredly did land sacrum segregated land. please welcome gretchen to the free library. [applause]. gretchen: good evening. it is wonderful to be in this great city of philadelphia and i apologize that rick was unable to join us this evening. he had a little bit of an emergency and he is in italy. but i hope that you will enjoy the preview of our fellow a sense along. i'm sure many of you passing the green book movie and i am going to talk this evening really about the story and that story is about the automobile. the role it played in the african-american life. i would like you to think about how important your mobility is to you and how important is that they are able to travel when you want to and how important is that to american liberty. the ability to travel freely is something that all of us in

american nation. some characterized it as a key event in forging colonial unity while others preferred to distance the revolution from what they considered a disorderly riot. in either case, attucks' role in racial identity remained largely ignored, even among african-americans. only a few scattered references to attucks appeared during the first half of the 19th century, sometimes casting him not as a hero or a patriot, but let's john adams, as a ruffian. samuel goodrich was of the most popular and prolific historians author's of history schoolbooks during the middle decades of the 19th century. in his first book of history for children and youth, which was published in numerous editions between 1831 and 1859, he described the boston mob led by a giant of a negro named attucks. they brandished their clubs and pelted the soldiers with snowballs, abused them with all manner of harsh words, surrounded them and challenge them to fire. fired, heoops not informed his young leaders, the irritated and unreas

what you see both with an african american communities, jewish american communities is a divide about how to respond to nazism, about the proper way to respond to nazism. some, like the new york news are saying, if you want to fight racism at home, you have to fight racism abroad by making this protest statement. owens and other athletes, and others in the african american community say the best way to protest nazism is to go over and win medals and disprove their theories a variant superiority. again, it is not work out that way. what you see is that the nazi propagation propaganda machine has an explanation for everything, and they very easily say some version of, well, of course african american athletes, one, they're closer to animals and animals are faster than humans. so gerbils and hitler can spin anything that spins to serve their propaganda in's. the loudest was worth dissipation is his man, the head of the american olympic committee who will later be the head of the international olympic community, he is still serving in the 1977 it's a tragedy at munich in the international

(applause) >> you are watching american history tv only on c-span3. >> each week american artifacts exceed to museums and historic basis to learn about american history. visit the trail of tears gallery at the national museum of the american indian in washington dc, which looks at the national debate over the 1830 indian removal -- indian removal act and its impact on southern tribes. associate curator paul chaat smith leads us through the americans exhibit, which examines how indian imagery is prominent in children's toys and mascots. >> it is built on a paradox, the riddle. the paradox is this -- in 2018 the united states is a country of 330 million people. and indians are perhaps 1% of that population. most americans live in urban areas and parts of the country where they never actually see american indians. and yet american life in images, advertising, mascots, surround people every single day. the show is about exploring the strange contradiction of how prevalent american indians are in american life, really from the earliest memories of americans throughout their life, and yet someho

and through the eyes of others, african americans identity in american art. in her new book, driving while black, just out today, professor gretchen sorin talks about the indispensable which reshape the african-american traveling experience throughout our segregated land and helped drive the nation civil rights movement. please welcome gretchen sorin to the free library of philadelphia. [applause] >> guest: good evening's wonderful to be in this great city of philadelphia i apologize that rick was not able to join us this evening he had a little bit of an emergency and he is in italy. i hope that you will enjoy preview of our film that he sent along. so i'm in a talk, i'm sure many of you seen the green book movie and i'm going to talk this evening really about a broader story. that story is about the automobile. and the role the automobile played in african-american life. i would like you all to think about how important your mobility is to you. how important is that you can travel where you want to when you want to. how important that is that to american li

we want to save every american.nt to i want to ask every democrat running for congress, everyone in the media to answer, did the president make the right call as it relates to the travel ban ten days after the first known case in the u.s., and did the president do a good job building 25,000 hospital beds, mobilizing and providing the personnel, mobilizing the private sector to build ventilators and all the shields and masks and respirators and gowns and gloves, did hes, do anything go? according to them, he didn't and he really had, remember, even dr. fauci was saying the risk was low february 29th. you know, china really screwed everybody here. >> you know, china is the bad guy. i want you to ask the left, do you agree that the cdc guidelines implemented by president trump on march 13th saved millions of americans from a terrible death?? do you agree that declaring a national emergency on march 13th mobilized this country and save lives. did you agree that invoking the defense production act really med help the med

not only african-american, asian-american, hispanic-american, every american. we were breaking records at every level with almost 160 million people employed. we were never even close to that number. and we were breaking highest stock market numbers, highest numbers of every kind, and i think we're going to be back there, and i think it's going to be much sooner rather than later and i think we'll surpass those including our unemployment numbers. i will not rest until that prosperity has been fully restored and again i believe we're going to lift those numbers higher than ever before. it won't be as long as people might think. a lot of smart people are looking at that and betting. you just have to look what's going on with the stock market. in order to protect our great american workers i've seened an executive order temporarily suspending immigration into the united states. this will ensure that unemployed americans of all backgrounds will be first in line for jobs as our economy reopens. crucially it will also preserve our health care resources for american p

you can imagine because there are many many more than 44 great african-americans. we don't say this is the greatest black achievers ever, we don't try to put that, these are just 44 that we looked at that fit the sensibility of the first african american president in the sense that here is something that they did something pioneering, something disrupting, in some cases noisy geniuses or quiet innovators but they did something extraordinary in their own space. believe me it was knock down drag out debate among our staff and we kind of did it democratically where if to get on the list you had to convince the group this person should be on the list and if you were going to add someone you had to say who are we going to take off and it was a lot of back and forth and a lot of people were left off but a lot of great people are on this list. >> host: what do you want young readers to know about barack obama despite -- besides being the first black president? >> guest: the nba all-star weekend in chicago happened to have an event the my colleague at espn was hosting and

americans moving other americans. okay? so -- but can you see now how the displacement of the american indians is tied to this voracious expansion of slavery and of the south. this is white population changed in the same decade. one thing you'll notice, they're not the same. most white people don't own slaves. you can't afford the land where the big slave owners were in alabama and they take the 12 enslaved people and you go somewhere else and you're in up country. and the native-americans are driven away. you can also see the band onmabt of land they occupied a few decades earlier. can you see expanding into texas after the war with mexico into arkansas. now south carolina is kind of picking back up again. 1850s. this is slavery at the full peak. look how fast texas has filled in with enslaved people. so as we put all these pictures together and see how the upper south is depleted of enslaved people. why? because they're being shipped to the south. so as we picture all of these histories in motion and interaction, we have

not only for americans but the british, canadian in french american troops. you are well to consider this weight of war and the things they carried. the american tents that u.s. g.i. use was often called -- in many ways it symbolized the notion of teamwork and the essence of camaraderie. it would be one half of a tent and each soldier would have one half of a tent. you needed to team up with a battle buddy so he could bring his other half. there were variations on this. and how they used it. the test -- can't often god as large -- sometimes they would get six or eight of them together. if you're in the fall and the winter come other people will offer additional body heat. unfortunately for a lot of guys they moved so frequently and quickly that a lot of times they didn't even have the opportunity to set up a tent or encampment perhaps like we have here today. the advance into europe was mountainous and strenuous. it brought about the most enduring hardships that could be imagined. there is a story we like to share with visitors and students. george wilson wor

we are in all of the american people strength. americane of the m people's strength. everyone has done a great job. those were the original projections. we don't want to say anything about beating it yet but i think we have a good chance. >> i want to add to what ambassador birx said. this is the consequence of the commitment of the american people. a lot of us have had challenges changing behavior. whether it is exercising regularly, different habits. it has been remarkable to watch how the american people has change their behavior. that is what i am so proud to see. a follow-up on something from yesterday. you said you had not seen peter navarro's memo on coronavirus. were you ever briefed on those? did you ever discuss them with anyone? i don't remember those. i did not see the memo. world health was saying that was not correct. i did not see the memo. but i acted as quickly -- people were shocked i acted so quickly and everyone thought i was wrong because i acted so quickly. with respect to closing the borders. not only to china, but europe and i think i was very

and through the eyes of others, african americans in identity and american art. in her new book draw th "driving while black" just out today professor soren tells the story of an an dispensable green book that reshaped the african-american traveling experience throughout our segregated land and help drive the civil rights movement. please welcome gretchen sorin to the free library of philadelphia. [applause] >> thank you. good evening. it is wonderful to be in the great city of philadelphia. i apologize that rick was not able to join us this evening, he had a little bit of an emergency and he's in italy but i hope that you will enjoy the preview of our film that he sent along. i am going to talk, i'm sure many of you have seen the green book movie and i'm going to talk this evening about a broader story, that story is about the automobile in the role that the automobile played in african-american lives. i would like you all to think of how important your mobility is to you, how important is it that you are able to travel where you want to, when you want to, how i

american workers were making so many things that they had run out of americans to sell them too. roosevelt and henry cabot lodge were clear, we need to take other countries so we can subdue them, set the lies them, then sell them things. stephen: absolutely. i did research so i could understand what was being discussed at the time. one of the things that comes forth was what was called glut, so american manufacturers and farmers had completely mastered the techniques of mass production that they were producing far more than americans could consume, and this was producing trouble in america. that's when we have labor strikes and they were shooting strikers in various parts of the country. we felt that there might be serious of people coming in the united states. the solution was to take foreign countries. you could not export to europe, and european colonies were protected. they existed to give exclusive trade to their mother countries. at my if we could take a wife, that would be a step to the philippines, and then we could take the philippines, but then it could be a springboard

americans are asked by gallup, do you believe germany has begun to organize a fifth column, 70% of americans say yes. you see these fear of spies play out and our popular culture and in our political culture. the first american movie, big studio move it to take on nazism is a warner brother movies from 1939, called confessions of a nazi spy. we are showing a trailer here, it is based on a true story of a nazi spy in the united states. >> i may not spy. i am one of thousands stationed in every part of the united states to steal the secrets of your national defense. there are spy stationed and all of their, the newport news and we the chief united states inspector is sending out secrets in. >> a trial in the federal court, first brought to the attention of a startled nation this amazing danger to its safety and freedom. >> so, even as americans are thinking about nazism and the threat of nazism in 1939 they're worried about nazis here, nazi spies on our shores. and you see jay edgar hoover here, the head of the fbi writing in popular magazines like the american magazine here about stamping out

enjoy american history tv on c-span3. >> this weekend on american history tv, saturday at 2:30 p.m.n oral histories -- >> well, at 5:00 on d day afternoon, they fired -- this huge explosion occurred. at that point, i lifted my head out of my fox hole to see what was going on. suddenly, i heard a huge noise and felt a shock and realized i had been hit. >> then at 6:00 p.m., on the civil war, scott mingus on the importance of the cumberland valley railroad. >> in stunning example, he doesn't need the ammunition. he doesn't -- even though the railroaders have risked their lives and have set a new speed record for the fastest route the cvr has ever or will ever run during the civil war, not a single one of these ammunition rounds is fired. >> sunday at 4:00 p.m. eastern on reel america, the 1945 u.s. navy film about the battle of okinawa. >> it was desperation. it was suicide. but it would be the pattern from now on to the very finish. a struggle between men who want to die and men who fight to live. >> at 6:00 p.m. on american artifacts, a look the at the restored council house in okla

americans are still dying.hen some are released, william how will release many of the men he captures, it will come back to their communities and they will be diseased and traumatized by the experience of these prison ships. they're going to tell their families, and anyone who will listen, about how barbaric the british can be. this will search support for the revolution. people who are on the fence are going to say this is wrong. additionally, people are going to start saying it is time. we've played nice too long. it is time. as one citizen rights to congress, it is time to revenge the innocent blood of your murdered children. if they put our men on ships we should put their men on ships. retaliation. proportional. right? that is tolerated by the laws of war. but this call for retaliation is going to spiral into demands for vengeance. vengeance is not proportional. it is an act of revenge. i call this process the politics of vengeance. as it turns out, george washington does not have a monopoly on violence, h

other americans. you can see now how the displacement of the american indians is tied to this voracious expansion of slavery and of the south. as the white population changed in the same decades, notice they are not the same. most white people do not own slaves and cannot afford the land where the big slaveholders moved, and they take their 12 enslaved people and get the best land. you have to go somewhere else. you go to the upcountry, northern mississippi. look at the result of all of this. as soon as native americans are driven away, white people are rushing in. you can see the abandonment of land they had occupied a few decades earlier. the patterns continue, expanding into texas after the war with mexico, into arkansas. now south carolina is picking back up again. 1850's, this is slavery at full peak. look at how fast texas has filled in with enslaved people. so as we put all of these pictures together, look at how the upper south is being depleted of enslaved people. why? they are being shipped

they were the first american troops into paris. they were the first american troops into germany. but unfortunately it inflicted a very grim toll. the unit in its entirety throughout the war suffered about 250% casualties. there was just a perpetual stream of wounded, killed, and then their replacements and sometimes replacements after that were being killed and wounded as well. so it was an absolutely devastating affair but many of the men in the unit had the firm conviction that they needed to do this because there was really no other choice. this was the price of stopping fascism and it spread. and as many world war ii veterans say to this very day, it's something that had to be done. and 75 years later that's something that they still firmly believe in. of course theodore roosevelt jr. had a long military lineage in his family. his father of course stormed up san juan hill in 1898 during the spanish-american war. and then a number of years later theodore roosevelt expected all of his sons to serve in world war i. and theodore roosevelt said of his sons, "i would look upon them

relive your history every night, american history tv on c-span3. >>> each week american history tv's american artifacts visits museums and historic places. >> welcome to the u.s. holocaust memorial museum. i'm daniel greene. we decided on our 25th anniversary to look closely at americans' role in the history. that goes back to our founding charter. which mandated that the museum look closely as americans' role in this history. in fact, on the day we opened, the chairman of the board at the time said, this museum is not an answer. it's a question. what we wanted to do in this exhibition is ask difficult questions about americans' response to naziism. the questions that frame this exhibition are, what did americans know and what more could have been done? you will see throughout the exhibition that what we try to do is show the context of american history that shaped americans' responses to naziism. that context includes our isolationism in the aftermath of world war i. xenophobia, fear of immigrants, racism, jim crow america, anti-semitism in the united states, the height of anti-semi

for example, the french found a lot of american -- got a lot of american airmen back to london. but in the soviet union, the partisan movement was big. it was well-organized, it was organized in a military fashion. there were, as i say, not only numbers but because of the geography of that place, they could obviously hide, if you will, from the germans. >> an for action behind the german lines a new army was formed. an army without uniforms whose whom was the forest and whose front was the enemy's rear. a guerrilla army. a minimum of glory and a maximum of determination. their achievements were seldom recorded. look well at these faces. you will never see them again in the ranks of war prisoners. or read their names over heroes' graves. ahead of them lay nothing but the rope and the halter. but they stayed behind and went on fighting. their only goal was merciless destruction. >> now the partisan movement began in 1941 basically in terms of its composition. when stalin made his first speech to the people, okay, he reminded them and urged them to become partisans, to rise up like

this 1958 american medical association march of medicine program highlights american doctors working president nixon. in remote locations ranging from burma to ethiopia, we see physicians treating locals for ailments such as tuberculosis, leprosy, and eye disease. announcer 1: ladies and gentlemen, the vice president of the united states, richard m. nixon. vp nixon: how do you do? in a few moments, you will see a march of medicine program entitled "md international." i am pleased with this opportunity to introduce it because i believe full heartedly -- wholeheartedly in what it has to say. president eisenhower in his onte of the union message january 9 stated, the only answer to a regime that wages total war is to wage total peace. in this day of great conce

we have marshalled every instrument of american power and we have unleashed oui’ american power and we potent weapon of all, the courage of the american people. these have been trying times. a coronavirus from a distant land has u nfa i rly coronavirus from a distant land has unfairly claimed thousands of precious american lives. to every citizen who has lost a cherished loved one, your pain is our pain. we mourn as one national family. loved one, your pain is our pain. we mourn as one nationalfamily. 0ur country has come together. we draw solace from the faith that god has received and the departed, he has taken the departed into his internal and loving embrace. they will never be forgotten. 0ver and loving embrace. they will never be forgotten. over the last weeks and months, millions of americans have joined together in a shared national sacrifice to halt the spread of this horrible disease. the army built field hospitals in sports arenas and convention centres. the army corps of engineers is great. 0ver army corps of engineers is great. over 20,000 beds in record time. the navy sai

relations for it was the first time in american history that a sitting president had invited african-americans to the white house for a meeting. on the other hand, it was a pr stunt, and it was tremendously condescending toward african-americans and so much so that it had negative impacts on black northerners throughout the north, but lincoln was a masterful politician. he did this as an entering wedge so that he could introduce something bigger and better in the near future, the emancipation proclamation. william lloyd garrison's newspaper "the liberator" captured the complexity and multiple pieces of this meeting calling it a spectacle as humiliating as it was extraordinary. here is the question i want to set out for today. was this meeting with lincoln and the black delegation in august 1862, was this typical of his meetings with african-americans? should it have been held as exemplary of his behavior as "the new york times" has done? to put it simply, i would argue absolutely not. as early as april of 1861 lincoln began engaging with african-americans in ways that no other president ever h

american history tv, this week and every weekend on c-span3. >> every saturday night, american history tv takes you to college classrooms around the country for lectures in history. >> why do you all know who lizzy boredon is? and raise your hand if you had ever heard of this murder, the gene harris murder trial before this class. the deepest cause where we'll find the true meaning of the revolution was in this transformation that took place in the minds of the american people. >> so we're going to talk about both of these sides of the story here, right? the tools, techniques of slave owner power and we'll also talk about the tools and techniques of power that were practiced by enslaved people. >> watch history professors lead discussions with their students on topics ranging from the american revolution to september 11th, lectures in history on c-span3 and every dat at 8:00 p.m. eastern on american history tv. and lectures in history is available as a podcast. find it where you listen to podcasts. up next on american history tv, james haley, author of captive paradise, he discusses th

how could it kill the american dream? it can kill the american dream into ways. one way could kill the american dream is the policies. a populace response to the perceived slights of the white working class has been the president's trade work. that has been the most salient expression of populism in terms of public policy this been enacted. if you look at the trade work, it's raise consumer prices is reduce the amount that people can buy, to dampen x for growth. it's hurt the stocks of the people and companies address must be helped by. the most t recent evidence suggests the trade war hasas reduced manufactured employed versus increasing it. these policies are bad for american workers. bernie sanders also running a populist campaign his economic agenda would be a disaster for american workers. even though you get a small fraction of the past that sought a lot of solace. i think there are policies also affect long-term prosperity. the presidents with extreme animosity threatens the role as the destination for the best in brightest and most talented people in the

native-american history, is african-american history. without understanding any of this you can't understand all of this. that's my message for today. thanks very much. so it looks as if that torrid pace through all of american history still left five minutes, so who would like to ask an easy question? yes, microphone is coming your way. it's coming from both directions. >> do you have a map of the population of self-identified cherokee people? >> you know, i do. it did want make it into this slide. and i will tell you what it shows, a vast area. there are more self-identified cherokee people across the country than any other people. i don't know how this didn't make it into the slides, but this will be in my book out this fall, and it's a wonderful gift for any holiday occasion. but you can see a pattern of it being anchored in oklahoma, but it's across the south, yet people are self-identifying as cherokee, and we all remember the presidential candidate who was identifying as cherokee and all that. it is the group it's my understanding

led to outright discrimination against african americans. and who are now considered, a direct economic threat because of competition gender based inequities also compromised the motion of liberty for all in the north middle class women were constrained which suggested their proper place was in the home the women's right conference held in cynical falls new york in 1848 gave the dot the dollars of democracy gave them an opportunity to air their grievances in a formal setting. the two day conference attracted 300 attendees including male supporters of the cause declaration of sentiments catalog the injustices of wrongs done to women by men. employment opportunities, and a fair wage for those jobs that were going to them and of course they were denied they said access to a thorough education working class women share these disabilities and more. forced necessity to work outside the household, they often faced 14 hour workdays the dangers a factory labor, and an equal pay in the south they left the region to like behind the north in industriali

not only african-american, asian-american, hispanic-american, every american. we were breaking records at every level. we were breaking them economically, highest stock market numbers, highest numbers of every kind. i think we are going to be back there and i think it's going to be much sooner rather than later and we will surpass those numbers including our employment numbers. i will not rest until the prosperity has been restored and again, i believe we're going to lift those numbers higher than ever before, it won't be as long as people might think i'm a lot of smart people are looking at that. you just have to look at what's going on with the stock markets. in order to protect our great american workers i signed an executive order temporarily suspending immigration into the united states. this will ensure unemployed americans of all backgrounds will be first in line for jobs as our economy reopens. crucially it will preserve our health care resources, we have to take care of our patients, we have to take care of our workers and that's what we are doing. i j

millions of americans have already been thrown out of work. traditionally, unemployment insurance has covered 40% or 50% of people's salaries. we put in enough money to take care of 100% of salaries, with an extra $600 a week to supplement what states are now doing, and we have it in -- and we have added an extra three months worth of funding to get people through this crisis. we extended the categories of people who are eligible, so self-employed, independent contractors, people in the gig economy, you will be included in the first time. we have tens of millions of americans who are not on monthly payrolls and are working for themselves, or working for someone else, and we have to make sure we get them and their families through this process as well. the provisionsll we fought for in the house of representatives. between thempromise democratic-controlled house and the republican-controlled senate attached the legislation on their side a lot of corporate pork and we were able to scale back some of what they wanted to do. billion dollars in her

and through the eyes of others, african-americans and identity in american art. in her new book "driving while black: african american travel and the road to civil rights," just out today, gretchen sorin tells the story of the indispensable green book which reshaped the african american traveling experience throughout our segregated land and helped drive the nascent civil rights movement. please welcome gretchen sorin. [applause] >> it is wonderful to be in the great city of philadelphia and i apologize that rick wasn't able to join us this evening, he had a little bit of an emergency, he is in italy but i hope you will enjoy a preview of our film he sends along. i'm sure many of you have seen the green book movie and i'm going to talk this evening about a broader story about the automobile, the role the automobile played in african-american life. i want you to think about how important your mobility is to you, how important it is to travel when you want to come how important is that to american liberty, the ability to travel freely is something all of us take fo

americans would have seen these images, much like americans today might have seen images on a television, and would have talked about it in their community. some of these essays are really quite poignant. the freedom of worship, one of the more difficult abstract pictures in the series, actually has a magnificent essay by the writer will durrant. i will just read a couple of different passages; man differs from animal, from the animal into things, he laughs and he prays. the mark of a man as he beats his head against the riddle of life, knows infinite weakness of body and mind, lift up his heart to a hidden presence and power, and find a beacon of heart rendering hope, a pillar of strength for his fragile decency. the essay is wonderful here. if our sons and brothers accomplish this by their toil and suffering, they can carry to all mankind the boon and stimulus of an ordered liberty. it will be an achievement the size of which those of alexander and napoleon will be a little thing. to that purpose, they are offering their youth and their blood. regretting we cannot stand beside them, de

people, american business responded.t personally see the urgency you refer to, the delivery of these necessary products. we have 22 man too many in heale in this country that are first line of defense against this pandemic that risk their lives every damn day, putting up with shortages in no way should require more -- po to me, a week's reversal to get at left respirator masks to them without fail. if we have state governments that don't know how to do that. we have to do more. here is the man leading the effort, president trump. >> good to be with you all. in in a very critical phase of our war against the coronavirus. testimony iit is vital every amn follows our guidelines on 30 days to slow the spread. the sacrifices we makeover the next 4 weeks will have count less american lives saved. maintaining social distancing practicing. vigorous hygiene. and staying home, ar are your mt effective ways to win the war and escape danger, while you fight this battle from home, we're working with the best scientists, doctors and r

sinking an american aircraft carrier to teach the americans a lesson. in china saying this kind of thing. we don't want to slide into a crisis, unless they want to put biden in the white house. lou: what is your choice? i don't understand. i don't see how you avoid a crisis when you have a nation that without apology has killed hundreds of thousands infected millions of people and is also an aggressor in the south china sea which is not the chinese province in any way. it is also a critical component of open navigation for world shipping. this is outrageous what we are watching. this aggressive and i think deadly aggressor do despite the united states insisting that we won't put up with it. >> well, lou, as you know, the australians just joined us in the south china sea with one of their warships in the last couple days. we have three ships there now. the chinese are challenging japanese territorial waters at the same time. lou: we may have to interrupt you for the president task force. please go ahead. >> the australians have joined us with their ship.

we are americans. this is the most american slide i could find. [laughter] but what does it mean to be an american, and how do we decide that? what gives us a sense of what america means? the first point i want to make is that stories do that. stories tell us who we are. they organize the world for us. this is true of individuals. when people think about their lives, they tend to think about them in narrative form. they find meaning in experience. they find themes, heroes, villains. james joyce said this is the artist's task, transforming the daily bread of experience into the radiant body of everlasting life. in that sense, we are all artists, we are all the authors of our own stories. not because we decide what happens -- we don't actually get to decide that -- but because we decide what it means. we decide how it is interpreted and usually we pick interpretations that flatter ourselves. we end up being the heroes of our own stories. this is true for individuals and it is also true for nations. people have a sense of national identity that comes

everyone who becomes american becomes part of this american nation. right?rt i think settling for alternative conceptions nationhood you begin to see these -- the competition within countries becoming difficult and then -- so there is a multilateral dimension to it but i think many of these issues have to be resolved within certain -- within countries themselves and that will impact on their definition and their conceptions of it's in hoo. >> it's a catch-22, though. it really is. you are talking about two different things in a lot of ways. why does europe have a problem with migration? why does europe have apron. he with immigrants. he when makes tom european country the countries don't loo to say, with perhaps a little bit ofening explain small extent of france, they'd like to say here's what our country stands for. that sounds to much like -- you can't have that. so as a result you have these people who come and don't get a sense of civic nationalism, they're denied that sense of ethnic nationalism and they're forever outside. that causes europe problems.

eastern here on american history tv. >> previously on american artifacts, united states holocaust memorial museum curator daniel green gave us a tour of the exhibit he created. part one covered the lead up to world war ii. in part two, we learn about the america first movement and how the united states responded to nazi persecution and murder of jews as some of the atrocities became public knowledge. this is about 45 minutes. daniel: in 1939, on september 1, germany invades poland and world war ii breaks out that week. what is on americans' minds in 1935 is staying out of war. you see deep concern about spies, nazi spies in the united states. at the time, called a fifth column. americans are asked if they believe that germany is starting to organize a fifth column of spies in america, and 71% say yes. you start to see these fears of spies play out in our popular culture and in our political culture. the first american movie, big studio movie to take on nazism is a warner bros. movie. from it's called "confessions of 1939. a nazi spy." we are showing the trailer here. it's based on a true s

i think it misunderstands the nature of american populism, american nationalism, and the administrations foreign policy. so the book isn't a political one way or the other. it's not a drawer at the trump polemic. an american creed with classical liberal elements, rule of law, limited government, sovereignty and american sense of nationalism so small see conservatives have sought to conserve that tradition and that the same time when it comes to foreign-policy the founders had some key principles that were a consistent paradigm for generations. if you have a dollar bill in your pocket you see the new order of the ages. i hope popular self-government spreads, that is a distinct the american hope, annulment of us foreign policy, doesn't mean you do it by force but as an example. the second element and this is in washington, the idea you maintain a free hand, as jefferson put it, there would be no entangling alliances, no permanent alliances. that was a key element in american foreign policy from the beginning and founders saw a contradiction between those two things. that was a dominant pol

eastern on american artifacts, here on american history tv. >> weeknights this month we are featuringmerican history tv programs as a preview of what's available every weekend on c-span three. tuesday, smithsonian associates with kermit roosevelt, a constitutional law professor and a great great grandson of the at. his talk is titled the constitution and declaration of independence. a contrary view of how failures and reinventions of the country have led to our modern core values. american history tv, this weekend, every weekend on c-span3. book, "captives of liberty: prisoners of war and the politics of vengeance in the american revolution" history professor t. cole jones illustrates inhumane conditions inside 18th-century prison camps and examines how the continental congress dealt with the problem of thousands of pow's, a population that sometimes outnumbered the american army. next, professor jones discusses his book at the american revolution institute of the society of the cincinnati. dir. mccallister clark: good evening, everyone. it's so nice to see you here this evening. so m