i think we're going to see african-americans lining up on both sides of african-americans by asking the questions and really shaping their platform towards the african-american vote and what we need. >> do you think the appeals that are being made to reach out to them, you know, bernie sanders going to harlem, hillary clinton, you know, focusing on south carolina and reminding african-americans of the history and the members of the black caucus endorsing hillary clinton last week. do you think that it's going to have the kind of impact that we saw galvanize the black vote in 2008? >> no, i don't think it's going to galvanize it in the same way. i think that the current political structure is more challenged by how to attract young black people. black people in general. because it's gog issue focused. 2008 was very emotional. black people came out to elect the first black president and the issues came behind that. we know there were struggles. now that we're at that platform, that's been done. we don't have to elect the first female president. we don't have to elect an individual who's a

american history. it symbolized the hope and and hope that african-americans -- help for a quality and aspiration that african-americans could be fully integrated into our nation's economic life. the bank represented the federal government's commitment to helping make financial inclusion a reality, and that as a challenge we still face today and a commitment we need to renew today. far too many are excluded today. many americans, especially low income and minority families, have little or no access to the financial system. without a credit or banking history, it can be difficult, if not impossible, to qualified for the most basic access to a home mortgage or small business loan. without access to the financial system, it is almost impossible to build savings and investment that are essential to a secure financial future. without a financial education, many do not even understand the tools they need to build this future. under president obama's leadership, the administration has worked to address these issues. as the president has said, if you're willing to work hard and play by the rules, you should be

-american youth is 58% unemploy unemployed. african-americans in their prime are substantially worse off, you know, economically than a -- than the whites in their prime. it's a very sad situation. i'm going to do great with afterno african-americans, you watch. and hispanics. i want to get clarification on comments you made this week at the cnn town hall about obamacare. >> why would insurance company not have a pre-existing -- >> i like the mandate.

-americans to a second-class citizenship. in the jim crow environment, african-americans continue to develop avenues for financial growth as witnessed by the development of black banking institutions following reconstruction. two of the early black-owned banks to operate in the united states were the capital savings bank of washington, d.c., which began in 1888. that same year, william washington brown, a next late, ex-slave, found the true reformer savings bank in richmond, virginia. there were many other successful banks that were owned by african-americans in the united states. one of the most successful of the early block-owned banks was the alabama penny loan and savings bank. others included mechanics and farmers in durham, north carolina, which is still in existence today. which is still in existence today. citizens and southern philadelphia, pennsylvania, the penny savings bank of richmond, virginia, whose founder was madam cj walker, the first woman president in the united states. [applause] alden: from 1888 to 1934, african-americans owned more than 13

so we'll continue to lift up the history and the story of the contributions of african-americans and ticular african-americans in oakland as well because i think that's important for our young brothers to know the extraordinary contributions of black people in oakland and how that's impacted the entire world. >> and, andrea, do you kind of feel the same way, that maybe our youth and people going through school and as they graduate need to know more about our history so they can be -- they can better themselves for our computer? >> you can never know enough about your own history. you can never know, no matter who you are. you can never know enough about it. i think the more that young people are engaged in history that's local to them, the more excited and the more invested they become in that community. we've done some great things here in the bay area. we have our first african-american and asian person as the state attorney general. and she may be moving on to greater heights. we've had our first speaker of the assembly in lily brown, first black mayor of san francisco and so on, s

sanders for a moment, jobs, me economy and especially, big question is black youth, young black african american especially. he went over and over again, citing the almost 50% unemployment rate on young african american males. when you zero in on that and throw in the other issues, incarceration, economic issues, vis-a-vis housing, health care, so forth, you're paint ook grim picture. bernie has many times tried to focus everything about african americans and we happen to be talking about that or any other dispossessed group. it comes back to an economic question. economic de disadvantage. he is laserring in on that, tying in with his overall message, wealth and inequality, he says i'm the person to really deal frontally with the crisis facing young black males and overall black america vis-a-vis conditions. it is a condition he is trying to resonate in black america and rightly show. >> does he ins enough, the complete diagnosis, if you took care of unemployment, if you took care of schooling, wouldn't there still be impediments, roadblocks, stones to stubbl ste on, on the road to equality? >>

the deeper the shading in the state, the higher the percentage of african-american voters. we know the african-american population will be a majority, the question is how much of a majority. then why is south carolina so important? let's just pull the map out, close this down. after south carolina, the race essentially is played out down here. you see a significant african-american population. hillary wants a big win in south carolina, get the biggest basket of delegates y. is this so important? let's turn offer the demographics for a second. take you back to 2008. obama obama obama obama obama. this is where the race changed. once we got into the state wrz the african-americans are the majority of the population, obama won south carolina with 55%. he came next door and won in georgia with 66%. he came over and won alabama with 56%. he won here in mississippi with 61%. and he won louisiana with 57%. so winning and winning by a healthy margin and as david axelrod and donna were talking about in the democratic districts you pick up big delegates. that is hillary's big goal. be

he also stands out as an african american in a sport dominated by white athletes. research by u-s-a swimming found that nearly 70 percent of african americans don't know how to swim. >> it's unfortunate, but you know i think swimming is a growing sport. >> as he continues to set records and gain notoriety, he hopes his impact can change those numbers. >> that's the message that i want to relay to younger kids is that you kow is that swimming is a great sport. >> don't go away! >> there's more of visions 2016 coming up. >> welcome back to visions 2016 celebrating black history month. >> philadelphia is home to several acclaimed african-american authors such as solomon jones, lori tharps, and diane mckinney-whetstone. >> here are few bookstores keeping the community "stocked" with literature vernon odom has the story. >> ariell johnson opened amalgam comics and coffeehouse just a few months ago. it's the first comic book shop on the east coast that's owned by a black woman. >> you know a black girl geek, not that were not out there but when you, when you think of like

americans. so as the african-american community is not monolithic, it's also not, you know, mono issue. t a single issue constituency either. so let's -- you know, african-americans have the right -- >> i'm trying -- >> -- to have as many issues and concerns on their minds as they want to. >> mr. mayor, i'm just trying -- if you're trying to understand where there's an opening, why there may be some squishiness here, why when you look up in south carolina you may have 30%, 40% for bernie sanders, when you scratch those numbers i think what you'll see is this has become an issue for a section of the community that's a very vocal section. that's all i'm saying. >> i understand that. >> certainly the economy is an issue. >> yeah, we get it. >> what don said. >> how race is being framed this particular time. because before it was about jobs and the economy. then it was about the housing crisis, where people will losing their houses. they said when america catches a cold black america gets the flu. but this particular time it's around mass incarceration and police brutality. i have to ask you

we have results, bernie sanders doesn't and we've always been there for african american vote. again it's a frustrating thing for hillary clinton to go into south carolina eight years after she went in there still trying to get the african american vote from a democratic competitor but she's going to have to work for it. and the polling there and all indications seem to be that that is in her favor. >> given that bernie sanders needed to seacial had a must-win with new hampshire he got it, the polls are showing somewhat of a dead heat in south nevada,t south carolina has emerged as a must-win for hillary clinton? >> it's sensational to say that. i don't think it is. because supertuesday there are 12 states in play, she's up ten of the 12 polls and the two she's not is vermont and massachusetts. as far as bernie sanders needs to create and keep momentum, needs to keep it, it would not be good news for hillary clinton would she to lose in south carolina. also, it would get a lot of voters who are not paying as close attention who will be bombarded with these ads and these candidat

a majority of the electorate, over 60% is african-american. she won 84% of african-americans. despite losing the white vote, as she has been doing to bernie sanders throughout the early states, when you have a lot more african-american vote, it makes a huge difference for her. this could foreshadow a big night for her super tuesday. half the states being contested super tuesday have electorates that are anywhere from 30% to 50% -- over 50% non-white. this could be the beginning of a march to the nomination for hillary clinton if tuesday looks anything like tonight. >> chuck todd, thanks. more on tonight's south carolina results on nbcnews.com. nbc news projects hillary clinton is the overwhelming winner in the south carolina primary. i'm lester holt, nbc >>> on this saturday night, southern showdown. hillary clinton expecting a big boost. bernie sanders hoping it keep it close in tonight's south carolina democratic primary. both already looking ahead to the delegates up for grabs on super tuesday. >>> is he unstoppable? trump gets key endorsements. the battle gets uglier betwee

a majority of the electorate, over 60% is african-american. she won 84% of african-americans. despite losing the white vote, as she has been doing to bernie sanders throughout the early states, when you have a lot more african-american vote, it makes a huge difference for her.

jose anderson: you had a group of african-american professionals, a group of african-american creativeom which houston and marshall could draw encouragement from the whole post-harlem renaissance era, and so that community actually helped to energize momentum for the legal campaign across the entire country. jose anderson: new york was an exciting place to be the headquarters for the campaign. in fact new york had plenty of race issues of its own. thurgood marshall: after a riot would break in harlem a code number would go out to all policemen in the 123rd street precinct - that's right in the middle of harlem. in the meantime all of the white policemen in harlem, where the riot is going on, just stand perfectly still. and don't use a weapon, don't use a gun, just stand there until you're replaced. and then these guys go out in these other cars, and the colored fella taps the white fella on the shoulder, he gets in the car. and it about, well less than an hour, there are all black cops there. so where is the race riot? the race riot is gone. and then walter white, roy wilkins and i wou

an african-american right. ee rieing right ina lot of the african-american centrists are grouping around the clintons. john lewis was with hillary clinton against obama almost until the very end. >> remember we talked about this years ago when it happened when the black establishment did not support -- they said we don't know this guy, we're supporting hillary clinton. >> i pointed out in my column that that's an electability issue. because we pay attention to electability. which is why i believe that bernie sanders is going to have a tough sell, not just giving bernie more respect they deserve. i think a lot of african-americans are more pragmatic only because life has made us so. and that's -- >> quickly, van. i want to bring something else up. go ahead. >> i think it's important to recognize that for the black left, so you're talking about a michelle alexander, a keith ellison, this is an opportunity for them to assert themselves as a political wing of our community and say we're not just going to go with the

african-american judges were an african-american president, that's all we wanted. so we didn't really look at what his policies were. when you read the audacity of hope, when you see what he says, president obama is a senseless democrat. plain and simple. is not some lefty. he's not someone coming from -- is on the left. he is a centrist democrat in the vein of bill clinton. support of what i've been wanting if i were to write something in 2009 is a progressive agenda. do what you have to do to stop the bleeding of the economy but let's we orient, let's change the frame, let's change the frame so the every -- everyday ordinary working people can have a chance, a chance to only dream dreams that make those dreams a reality. what would that mean? that would mean in some ways we would have to change the economics that we have seen since reagan and some ways since carter. we would have to change the economic philosophy that the democratic party in silly ways has conceded to so we can begin to emphasize how do they get these wages from being flatlined? how do we get hom

african-americans, latinos. carries the majority cares the majority of the african-american hispanic. in the south are you and i are from he is not get more than 13 or 14 percent of the vote and in the state. comes the power understanding that you have been if you will the inheritor of this multiracial multidimensional coalition. then what would have been your counsel and advice? >> that is a hard one. >> but that is the question. >> going back to what we talked about earlier, i think i wanted the president to be bold. change the frame. if we half to lift our votes and fdr managing dixiecrat comanaging southern racist, we have to lift all boats because we don't want to trigger white fear. as long as we do that we allow that stuff to stay in place. as long as we engage in a practical politics of trying to avoid what is really at the heart of the problem command that is the value, govern in such a way, engage in there 1st offices can speak in such a way to let you know i am not the manchurian candidate. >> for pres

he represents can represent us or represent me in terms of what african americans are asking. so i think that's the factor that's weighing on bernie sanders in terms of his connection in the african american community. although i think he sure is trying hard."3 shaw says clinton's powerful endorsements can also make it difficult for sanders to get but we'll just have to see how primary unfolds come february 27th.in columbia, loren thomas news 19 wltx. 3 we can expect to see more of bernie sanders and hilary clinton this week... as they continue to campaign in south carolina before the primary. today...clinton will continue her breaking down barriers forum... in columbia with an event at the central baptist church on clement road at 6:15... doors open at 4:45. both candidates hit the talk show circuit yesterday. clinton says even after saturday's win ... the close finish proves she still needs to show *why she's the best choice for the democrats.i know that i have to make my case, i have to demonstrate what i've achieved, i have to really make clear, look we want to make progres

so i have to say we have right now an african-american president. if you look at unemployment with african-american youth, monique, it's 58%, 59%, probably even higher than that. if you take african-americans who i have friends that are having a hard time getting a job in prime age, 30, 40, 45, even 50, their numbers are not

americans. so as the african-american community is not monolithic, it's not also not mono issue. ngle issue consistency either. african-americans have the right to have as many issues and concerns on their mind as they want to. >> yeah. >> mr. mayor, i'm trying to -- if you're trying to understand where there is an opening, why there may be some squishiness here, why when you look up in south carolina you ever may have 30%, 40% for bernie sanders, when you scratch those numbers, i think what you'll see is this has become an issue for a section of the community that is a very sovocal section. >> and similar to what don says -- >> how race is being framed this particular time. before it was about jobs and the economy. and you said when america catches a cold, black america gets the flu. this particular time it's around mass incarceration and police brutality. >> there are a lot of issues out there. >> hillary clinton did get the support of trayvon martin, several african-american mothers -- >> traditional black caucus path. >> what significance will it have? if you can do it quickly

in my district, african-americans triple. generations are being left behind without a fair shot of success. the economic prosperity and the economic dream are on hold for the african-american communities. instead of working to address bearing ublicans are assault by trying to defund planned parenthood. democrats are working on bold ctions that will help an immediate impact on the challenges facing african-americans. i have tried to do my part here in congress. my safer neighborhoods would bye-back.oluntary a and that is one measure that we have to look at. but in talking about dr. king's "tale it reminds me of a of two cities." it's the best of times and the worst of times. yes, we have seen an african-american rise to the opinion call of success to this country in public service and the president of barack obama, dr. king would be very proud of that. but he would be upset to see the other part, the despair that our communities are in. without the opportunities to raise their children as other communities do. dr. king was abou

a majority of the electorate, over 60% is african-american. she won 84% of african-americans. despite losing the white vote, as she has been doing to bernie sanders throughout the early states, when you have a lot more african-american vote, it makes a huge difference for her. this could foreshadow a big night for her super tuesday. half the states being contested super tuesday have electorates that are anywhere from 30% to 50% -- over 50% non-white. this could be the beginning of a march to the nomination for hillary clinton if tuesday looks anything like tonight. >> chuck todd, thanks. more on tonight's south carolina results

, more african-americans, a greater percentage of african-americans, is there a path forward?he's trying. they talked about creating new voters. one of the things they're particularly trying to do is focus on working class black men. that's where mike has been, going into barber shops talking up bernie sanders. it is an uphill climb. >> jim clyburn, congressman clyburn being introduced to the crowd. obviously as we were just talking about him, instrumental. we'll keep the conversation going. >> one difference between them is when hillary clinton gets geared up, she does this interpersonal campaigning does very well. she goes into the venues, connects with people. that is not bernie sanders. he gives eloquent speeches, inspiring speeches about -- particularly about economics. but he generally leaves after that. he's not a guy who works the room the way she does. >> in the south, that's really important. >> i agree with that. that's my point. >> it is easier to build on a win than a loss. >> and hillary clinton gets more comfortable campaigning. we have seen that. and i think it

significant african-american population. democratic primary, 55%, a majority of the votes of the democrats are likely to be african-american. in 2008, president obama won nearly 8 in 10 of those. it was game over. an african-american candidate winning a huge slice. hillary clinton ran second to john edward and obama third there. now hillary clinton versus bernie sanders. can bernie sanders make inroads in time? that vote coming up in the next two weeks. can he make inroads to narrow her lead. this is what headquarter hopes for. in 1992 when bill clinton was running, came in second place. came down to south carolina looking to get on track and he did because it was then 43% of the vote in the democratic primary. so the clintons have a history with the african-american community in south carolina. it's not all good. 1992 was a plus. in 2008 tensions. hillary clinton believes that's her greatest advantage now. and the question is can senator sanders who has not had to do this as a senator from vermont, can he build those relatio

>> bernie is solid. >> voters like this barber, the issue sanders built his campaign on are african-american issues. >> the universal healthcare. everything he stands for are the same things dr. martin luther king stood for. >> south carolina is the first of several crucial tests in the south where african-american voters hold huge influence. >> the key constituency for both would be african-american women. younger and older women. >> people like kara, a millennial who are ramona brown. a schoolteacher. you were a supporter from 2008? >> i have been a hillary clinton. >> the fact that you were supporting hillary clinton and not obama in 2008 speaks against the notion that african-americans it's a mono linlic vote. >> absolutely not. the issues that impact my life personally may be the same as a white american or a hispanic american. >> do we do ourselves a disservice when we talk about it in terms of african-american vote versus the rest of the vote? >> we do. many of us have the same challenges. i think of society and the media puts that -- the separation. many of us, we're facing the same

there was a lot of interest in african american history, having the first african-american presidentn the white house. i was lucky enough to be assigned by the associated press to cover obama that weekend. i remember pulling up to the obamas' townhouse in chicago thinking about what book will i write next. and right at that spot is when it hit me. i got so excited about the topic and so i immediately called my editor. she immediately tamped down my enthusiasm and told me to think about it. to make sure that i had a really good idea about what i wanted to do. brian: what was the idea? jesse: the idea was to write a story about the african-american slaves who lived inside the white house. back then, the country was still talking about how great and how unique it would be if an african-american president lived inside the white house. i said to myself, i understand that would be great but he cannot have been the first african-american to live there. and then the thought process went on -- so who were the first african-americans to live there? we knew there were african-american butlers b

dominating the african-american vote. nning up the score not just in a primary but with african-americans. that will be gigantic for her these upcoming contest. she's is not taking any votes for granted. john: i think that is correct. the sanders people say they have a much more sophisticated field operation. more volunteers on the ground. everything that i can feel is that hillary can land a big punch and she is going to swing hard. today president obama unveiled a plan to close down what time of day in cuba sending congress a proposal to transfer detainees to prisons here on domestic soil. toublicans were quick criticize this move. marco rubio announced he is cosponsoring a bill to prevent gitmo from being transferred to cuban control without the approval of congress. declined to rule out the possibility of executive action. why is president obama doing this? mark: this is one of the important legacy issues. he thinks is always on this issue if he does the right thing in terms of public policy if he runs the numbers and

the three fact years of migration of african-americans, the impoverished african-americans are engaging in the high levels of crime in the northern cities. the baby boom and the collapse of the criminal justice system already contribute to that contains the great crime synopsis. >> i want to focus in on this question of norms and culture of violence. where does this come from? how should we understand that? >> it is very important because we don't want to be good as making a biological argument, genetic argument that some races are more prone to crime than others. no one believes that. i certainly don't believe it. so what then accounts for some engaging in more crime than others, well, it isn't a genetic/biological ex the nation and there must be some other ex-donation. that is where their values and norms of what we call culture. so culture can be viewed as the values and norms of a distinct group. someone at the behavior of that group. i would include over a fairly long period of time, though it can't be something short run. when a group begins adhering to certain values and when cer

and people who only want to see a certain thing when they think about african americans, when they think about fatherhood, when they think about child-rearing in the african-american community... i don't know how much you can change that, you know. >> hinojosa: except by example. >> except by example, you know. and people who will be changed by that are going to... i really believe, people who want to be changed, people who are looking, who are out there searching, who are seeking and want to see something different. >> hinojosa: so when you think about black fatherhood... and we're going to start at the conversation around barack obama, kind of in that place of being a black father, who talks about, "i am so happy to be home for dinner every day." >> right. >> "being able to see my kids." has he played a central role in terms of breaking down that image, again, of a strong black man? even, you know, everybody talks about bill cosby, but... >> right. >> difference there in terms of barack obama, his presence, what he's saying about being a father? >> i hope so. i really, really hope so.

-american youth is 58% unemploy unemployed. african-americans in their prime are substantially worse off, you know, economically than a -- than the whites in their prime. it's a very sad situation. i'm going to do great with afterno african-americans, you watch. and hispanics. i want to get clarification on comments you made this week at the cnn town hall about obamacare. >> why would insurance company not have a pre-existing -- >> i like the mandate. here's where i'm a little different. i don't want people dying on the streets. i say this all the time. >> sir, what did you mean when you said, i like the mandate? >> well, what happened is we were talking over each other and it wasn't anderson's fault because i think anderson's terrific. i thought he did -- it was a great evening and we got tremendous reviews on it, tremendous ratings, which is always nice, too. but what i'm talking about is very simple. there's no mandate, no mandatory anything. we're going to end obamacare, terminate it. it's going to be repealed, replaced by somethin

hillary clinton, 87% of the african-american. 17% of the african-american vote went to bernie sanderse is over performing where barack obama was back in 2008 with african-americans. and the turnout is higher. i want to throw out some over numbers here. think ahead to tuesday. looking back at 2008, this was the african-american turnout. georgia 51%. tennessee 39%. texas 19%. this is where the race is going now on tuesday night on super tuesday. >> that's why i was just e-mailing with a clinton source about this issue, which is why they feel so comfortable that even if they actually expect to lose some of the almost a dozen states that are going to be voting on tuesday, they feel that because they're going to do so well with these southern states because they have such a large african-american electorate and because those states tend to have more delegates than the other states, they feel that's win of the reasons why they feel very comfortable. it is a delegate race right now. >> yeah. i don't want to over state the donald trump and bernie sanders comparison. obviously they're very dif

it's a pleasure. >>> recently, c-span3's american history tv has been airing oral histories with african-american community leaders. the project titled explorations in black leadership was a collaboration between university of virginia professors phyllis leffler and julian. we hear from armstrong williams next. later, his involvement in the clarence thomas u.s. supreme court confirmation hearings. this program is about an hour and 45 minutes. >> armstrong williams, welcome to explorations in black leadership. >> thank you for invitin

so the migration of african-americans who the poor ones i should add, the imp impoverished african-americans are engaging in high levels of crime in the northern cities, that baby boom and the collapse of the criminal justice system all three contribute to what became the great crime tsunami. >> i want to focus on this question of norms and culture of violence that you mention. where does this come from? how should we understand this? >> well it is very important because we don't want to be understood has making a biological argument or racist argument saying some races are more prone to crime. no one believes that. i certainly don't agree with that. but what accounts to some groups engaging in more crimes than others? if it isn't genetics or biological explanation there must be another explanation and that is where culture enters in. culture can be viewed as the values and norms of a distinctive groups and some would add the behaviors of that group and i would add over a fairly long period of time. it cannot be something short run. when a group begins to adhere to certain values and when it

make up about 28-percent of compared to bernie sanders african-americans make up about 28-percent of south carolina's population according to census bureau statistics. compared to the previous nominating states: nevada's african- american population is less than 10-percent, followed by iowa and new hampshire with less than 5-percent. live in orangeburg, i'm caroline patrickis, wis news 10. chances are you may have seen a few campaign signs around the midlands mentioning 3rd democratic candidate here in south carolina -- willie wilson. wilson spoke with one- on-one with our charles molineaux earlier this week. he's recognized as a democratic candidate on ballots in a handful of states, but he's still fighting for others. wilson says he separates himself from washington veterans, bernie sanders and hillary clinton by "ordinary" people. he also points to his faith as an appeal to voters in the south. "the other thing is that i speak the truth. my belief, in terms of the scripture wise, bible wise, thaha other people cannot say, or will not say, i simply believe marriage is between a man

turns out the african-american and the latino community were hit especially hard. understand it the african-american community lost half of their wealth as a result of the wall street collapse. so when you have childhood african-american poverty rates of 35%, when you have youth unemployment at 51%, when you have unbelievable rates of incarceration which, by the way, leaves the children back home without a dad or even a mother, clearly we are looking at institutional racism. we are looking at an economy in which the rich get richer and the poor get poorer and sadly in america today, in our economy, a whole lot of those poor people are african-american. >> moderator: so race relation was be better under a sanders presidency than they've been? >> absolutely. because what we will do is say instead of giving tax breaks to billionaires, we are going to create millions of jobs for low income kids so they're not hanging out on street corners. we're going to make sure that those kids stay in school or are able to get a college education. and i think when you give low-incom

but was there a specific reference to african-american unemployment? >> i referenced an answer to a previous question, the very high rates of unemployment of african-americans, that persist even with current aggregate. >> if i may -- let me share this thought to you. if it ises and i believe you are in agreement that it is a serious problem. not just a problem. >> i certainly agree. >> if it is a serious problem, i would ask that you make it a part of your actual statement that you present and that you publish it and that you continue to say to those of us who can make a difference and we should be able to make the difference here in congress, we have the responsibility here to focus as well. but if you would make it a part of your statement and if you would publish this, i think it can have a meaningful impact on policymakers up and down the line. so just a small request but i think it would make a really big difference. so i'm going to ask that you do. >> i'm certainly open to doing so. i'll certainly take that seriously. >> thank you. now, let's move