further i mean 18 counts of espionage and dramatize sation of the issue is having of course what the american army says is that of course and government says you start put in jeopardy the lives of american soldiers in iraq over afghanistan or other places as well as the life of informants of journalists of other people and for that only if only for that should be condemned so you know not everybody agrees on the fact that it's pure journalism and he's only a pure whistleblower there are other issues linked to it but 30 probably will never have to do with a 175 years in jail that he risks having. independent journalist lucre of thank you so much for your time and your comments. thank you there's more than one case of whistleblowers in the u.s. being punished for media leaks former f.b.i. agent terry allbery leaked classified data on how the bureau recruits informants for which he got a 4 year sentence in another case the winner was an n.s.a. contractor when she leaked top secret information on alleged russian interference she received 63 months behind bars and john kiriakou disclose details of the

soviets would be knocked out of the war, making it necessary for the british and americans to take on the huge german armies. however, there were many other demands for american manpower at the time, and people power, and women power -- don't let my use of the term "manpower" confuse you, as you can see. so, the army not only needs so does the army air force, so to the marines, the navy, but also heavy industry and farms need a lot of people. so it becomes pretty clear that the arsenal of democracy will smother the germans and japanese , gunsanks, planes, ships -- and cotton, wheat, corn, and beef coming out of the american factories. of the 25 million young men who are physically fit enough to join the military, the dropdead top number of men that would ever be actually brought into the service was 15 million. so 25 million physically fit, 15 million the top number. but really, the number we are working with is 8 million, and in fact that number will drop to 7.7 million in 1944. so the american army starts with 200,000 soldiers in 1939, gets up to 8.8 million in 1943, drops to 7.7 million in 1944. one of t

probability the soviets would be knocked out necessary, making it for the british and americans to take on huge german armies. many other demands for american manpower at the time, and people -- don'td women power let my use of the term manpower confuse you. needse army not only folks in the army, so does the marines and the navy, but also heavy industry and barnes need a lot of people. it becomes clear that the arsenal of democracy will smuggle the germans and japanese guns,hanks, -- tanks, wheat, corn coming out of the factories. of the 25 million young men physically fit enough to join the military, the top number of men that whatever actually be brought into the service was 15 million. 25 million fit, 15 million the top number. but really the number we are working with is 8 million, and in fact that number will drop to 7.7 million in 1944. withmerican army starts 200,000 soldiers in 1939, gets up to 8.8 million in 1943, drops to 7.7 million in 1944. one of the first changes marshall makes when preparing for war was to change the organization of u.s. infantry divisions. he goes from the square division, f

by the fall of 1944, the american army was worried about the venereal disease rates. that is how it would connect the first and second world war in terms of the american army . >> i don't have french ancestry and there was born in 1946. i wasn't part of the war. it was over when i was born. when i was in high school, i took french classes. i had a french teacher who taught us a poem. to my recollection, i may be wrong, the name of the poem was --. she told us that poem, the first line was used in the normandy go order. i wondered if you knew if that was true and if that is the name of the poem? >> yes. your teacher is exactly right. the poem is by a french poet and the first phrase of the poem was the signal to the resistance. it was heard over the bbc that they should get ready and get in formation. come out and start to do the sabotage. the invasion was going to happen within the next week. then on the night of june 5, the second line of the poem was given. something like along -- of the violins. that was when the resistance new the invasion would come within 24 hou

. >> reporter: in 1943 johnson joined the only all-female african-american army corps. woman to enroll in what was winston-salem college on the gi bill. she earned her degree but couldn't attend the ceremony because she was already teaching and had no one to c her class. >> for me if not for her is to turn that tassel to say i finally did it, i've >> reporter: at her he9th birthday party, news sould finally get to walk at graduation. >> we have a gift for you. te applause ] >> rep and there, a bright red gown made jus for her. >> first time i've seen it. >> reporter: on friday, more than a thousand other os graduates, mof them 70 years younger, were on their feet cheering on the newest member of their class. molly hunternbc news. >> you inspire us all. that "nbc nightly news" for this saturday. human medicine gets training at the zoo. reporting from w , yonenk trk ni ygh ou ♪ s >>ool is in sessions as rookie minicamp has begun at redskins camp. those drafted in college free agency are getting their first taste of the nfl. while the playerselected in the first round or w

and for the american army. then he moved to south korea to work in space research. he later headed up large construction projects in japan indonesia qatar and canada before managing business in the middle east for a german company. it's a matter of you know if you want something badly you. just have to educate yourself right now like knowledge is everybody has access to the internet even in african countries so you have to have to educate yourself and you have to go after opportunities to vet kind of spirit certainly fits well with portugal a country that's super startup friendly especially its capital lisbon where it's raining great. a recent study shows this relatively small city has become europe's 5th largest stop for startups and you need the hype. as an entrepreneur and start up lobbyist without the hype and the attention it generates it's hard to build a momentum to do something like this here. she 1st company factory is converting an old military building into a huge office space for tech companies she works closely with the portuguese government which is la

in person in north carolina. 1943 elizabeth barker johnson joined the only all female african-american army corp overseas during world war ii. her job was delivering mail to the soldiers. after the war she became the first womg to enroll in what was then wincen salem teachers college. she couldn't attend the ceremony because get this, she was already teaching and she had no one to cover her class. >> i think the thing for me if not for her is to turn that tassel, to say i finally did it. >> yesterday more than 1,100 other graduates, most of them 70 years younger were on their feet cheering on elizabeth johnson. >> that is determined lady right there. >>> okay, dozens of guide dogs in training got their first taste of air travel at oakland international airport today. a group of about 70 puppies were welcomed by alaska airlines for the training. the dogs went through ticketing, tast security then practiced gate chickens and boardsing a plane. once onboard the puppies explored a bit before deplaning and explored a bit at baggage claim. it comes at a time when a growing if number of people tra

. >> reporter: in 1943 johnson joined the only all-female african-american army corps.ers. after the war she became the fist woman to enroll in what was winston-salem teachers college on the gi bill. she earned her degree in 1949 but couldn't attend the ceremony because she was already teaching and had no one to cover her class. >> i think the thing for me, if not for her, is to turn that tassel, to say i finally did it, i've done it. >> reporter: at her 99th birthday party, news she would finally get to walk at graduation. >> we have a gift for you. [ applause ] >> reporter: and there, a bright red gown made just for her. >> first time i've seen it. >> reporter: on friday, more than a thousand other graduates, most of them 70 years younger, were on their feet cheering on the newest member of their class. molly hunter, nbc news. >> you inspire us all. that's "nbc nightly news" for this saturday. tomorrow with kate snow, a look at the unique program where students of human medicine get training at the zoo. i'm jose diaz-balart reporting from new york. thank you for the p

. >> reporter: in 1943 johnson joined the only all female african-american army corps overseas during ii their job, delivering mail to the soldiers after the war she became the first woman to enroll in what was then winston-salem teachers college on the g.i. bill she earned her degree in education in 1949 but couldn't attend the ceremony because she was already teaching and had no one to cover her class >> i think the thing for me if not for her is to turn that tassel, to say i finally did, it i've done it >> reporter: and then at her 99th birthday party -- >> we are inspired by you. >> reporter: -- news that she would finally get to walk at graduation [ applause ] and there a bright red gown made just for her >> first time i've seen it >> reporter: on friday almost 1,000 other graduates, most of them 70 years younger, were on their feet cheering on the newest member of their class molly hunter, nbc news >> i love that i love her smile so well deserved for 99 years i can't wait to see what's in store for her 100th birthday >> that's right. so inspiring it's never too late. >>> red bul

my favorite piece of this introduction is that he created the state-of-the-art american army game, which serve as a key recruiting tool for the service, as well as the virtual army experience. i'm expecting you should all ask him questions about that after he finishes. his awards and decorations are the distinguished service medal, legion of merit and meritorious service medal. please welcome dr. wardynski. [applause] dr. wardynski: it is afternoon. good afternoon, everybody. it is terrific to be here. on behalf of the secretary of the army, i bring you greetings. chief of staff of the army, i bring greetings. i thank those of you who have served for your service and the rest of you for your attention. this afternoon, what i wanted to do is touch on some of the points brought up in the last session. perhaps more background and color to them and talk about perhaps the flip side of this, which is how could the united states ever go back to a draft army. i will read a quick conclusion, i doubt it. the draft army ended in 1973. in 1969, the commission on all volunteer army was formed. a gent

love it if we could have a for him and expand on this to educate the americans during the election year why we need a bigger, stronger army and go out prime time. can you respond to that? i've been to north korea and i see the threats and i see the chinese getting involved. what can we do to educate americans like you have educated the people here today? >> that is why i am here today. going out and talking about what we need and why we need it. i can't speak more passionately about the need for the united states army to reform. we are using equipment that is 40, 50, 60 years old. we can't fight and beat the russians with what we have today. if you want to get me a spot on prime time tv, help me out. i wouldn't hesitate to say the same thing. the bigger challenge out there, we get over the hump's of modernizing the document. the biggest thing is all the surfaces and elected leaders talk about the importance of service, young men and women serving in the united states military is a viable option in the future. a country of 330 million people, 71% are unqualified to serve. less than 4% are qualified. that is my biggest conc

by the fall of 1944, the american army was quite worried ate the veneer yal disease rate among the troops, so that's how i would connect the first world war and the second world war in terms of the americans. >> next asheville, north carolina, this is teresa. >> caller: hi. i don't have french ancestry and i was born in 1946, so i wasn't a part of the war. it was over when i was born. but when i was in high school i took french classes and i had a french teacher who taught us a poem and to my recollection, and i may be wrong, the name of the poem was [ speaking foreign language ] and she told us the poem the first line of the poem, was used in the normandy go order and i wonder if you know if that's true and the name of the poem? >> yeah. yeah, your teacher is exactly right. the poem is by a french poet. and the first phrase of the poem was the signal to the resistance, it was heard over the bbc, that they should get ready, get in formation, go out, start to do the sabotage because the invasion was going to happen within the next week. and then on the night of june the 5th, the second lin

innovative, particularly with his use of the militia, which nobody else really had mastered in the american army he knew how to use come up with them on the front line, told them to fire one shot, and bye-bye. that was not just luck, it was a native genius. anything from stephen, valley forge? dr. zambone: iraq to my brains for that, and i looked for some precedent. the one thing that can be found was actually nathanael greene's fight in the summer of 1780 of springfield in new jersey. i could not find any trace whatsoever that morgan knew of it. it did happen, and morgan is lucky. pickens inth andrew the south carolina and georgia militiamen five days, a week before the battle. he could not have thought that battle without pickens. he had a brilliant set of subordinates at cowpens, the best set of subordinates and officers that anyone has ever had in the revolution, top-notch, so that is one of the reasons he did it. other than that, the green , that instance, that reverse some of the collapsing look, it is if you interesting how green has actually been employed throughout the south. greene use

as the union army advance on southern strongholds, there were thousands of african-americans that made their way across union lines and it became known as contraband. this term was really used by the union army to describe fugitive slaves whose status in society at that time was unclear and it was undefined. so the increasing numbers of contraband that came into washington created a dilemma for the union would they provide food, shelter, and medical care for the men, women and children who came into washington? so in an effort to meet this challenge, the union army established a camp and hospital to serve them. it became a safe haven for these former slaves and it became a center of contraband relief efforts in washington, d.c. the history of contraband hospital is not widely known. what does exist conveys the history of the hospital but rarely includes the personal observations of those who worked there. this presentation is going to try to explore the experiences of the nurses, surgeons, and hospital staff of the contraband hospital that are revealed in pension records, some personal

army representative is martha putney. her story is amazing. she was one of the first 40 african- american women to join the women's army auxiliary corps. hand-picked by plastic. to travel to fort des moines. it was a great effort on the part of a civil rights activist as well as the support of the first lady, eleanor roosevelt to assure that african- americans were able to be part of the military. martha putney was one of them. the story she told about what she adored and the women endured, they were segregated. they ate in a separate dining room, at least initially. when they used the pool, it was cleaned. they could only use it once a week. it was cleaned after they had their swim. german pows were permitted to go to the club but african-american officers were not. they formed a band, the african- american women. the army decided they did not want the band. i think martha probably reached out to the folks that helped her so much because she said eventually, eleanor roosevelt intervened and they were able to have the band. martha used the g.i. bill. there was a senior fellow at howard as

. >> people who acted as translators to support the american army, with people who have risked their it's a vicious circle, but we have to get our senses. the war with iran is not our war. it is us ram's war. it is saudi arabia's war, but it is not america's war. if they want to risk their kids' their civilians' lives -- >> they should do it themselves. >> it's not america's war. second, in islams -- like 1.9 billion people, we are summarizing them as one thing. how insulting and ignorant. ignorant. 1.9 billion muslims in the world, including myself, you know. we are people who are diverse. there is good people. there are bad people. there are intellectual people, there are not so -- as diverse as white people, as black people, as everyone people, right? and where fnarrowing down is ony one thing, shame on us. it is not the america i know. >> at some point, is there going to be a reaction inside these communities? because you know, i can just remember going to the family readiness centers in miami and talking to family members of people who, they weren't even getting enough support,

some of the imagery you see others represent other african-americans to work for the army in similar capacities. charge insurgeon in alexandria virginia, that was specifically to treat black only patients. with the appointment of alexander augustine, the first african-american surgeon in charge, he was appointed in 1863. then it began a shift in the racial makeup of the hospital staff. with blacks taking over leadership positions from whites. african american surgeons and assistant surgeons were either commissioned military officers or private physicians under contract with the army. their apartments at the hospital represented the first time that arican-americans served in position of authority in a hospital in the united states. the nurses were primarily hired from the healthier camp residents. they were often recovering patients themselves and these men and women took over for the departing white nurses. during the civil war, surgeons provided medical care to nearly 400,000 sick and wounded soldiers both in hospitals and on the battlefield. more than 12,000 surgeons there have been

w certainly not be a military coup d'etat because the american army has never interfered. instead the end of demoincrac the united states, if it happen, would be by a continuation of what we're seeing now, maybe parties in power locally or in a state preventing citizens likely to vote for the other side from registering to vote and a majority of american voters who can't be bothered to go to the lls and vote. >> if we don't like what our government is doing, we have oly ourselves to blame with those low voter turnouts. >> brangham: you book alsowi deal what you would refer to and i think many people would believe as international c things that are beyond the borders of one nation, climate mple, but a perfect exa the distinction crisis, the gobbling up of natural resources all over the world, with so many compeation, with different interests and fractious ideas and territorial governance, how are we going to tackle those t ours if we can't even ge own house in order? >> that's a really interesting gaestion. if you look at my chapter on problems of the worldnd imagine it's s

by 1944, the american army was worried about the than aerial disease rate among the troops.onnect thei would wars in terms of the american army. host: let's go to teresa in north carolina. french i don't have ancestry. i was born in 1946. i was not a part of the war, it was over when i was born. when i was in high school, i took french classes. i had a french teacher who taught us up home. -- a poem. us the first line of oem was used in the normandy go order. do you know if that's true? is that the name of the poem? guest: yes. your teacher was exactly right. -- poem is by a french poet. it was a signal to the resistance. was broadcast by the bbc. it said they should go out and start to do the sabotage. the invasion was going to happen in the next week. 5, thenight of june second line of the palm was given. oem was given. that's when they knew it was going to come within 24 hours. verse thatench signaled to them that the invasion would come in a week or so. host: this is rachel in virginia. , my name is rachel. my uncle was a pilot. the fighterber of group. he took part befo

second, recruiting army, a whole people and help our nation before every american summer in the heart wanted. which is that would be the land of the free. home of the brave so i ask myself and sometimes i wonder when people question what happened on that day, i think to myself, or be making too big a deal about this woman? what evidence do we have? our own selective perceptions and seek what we want to see. i think we're paying the proper attention. [laughter] nothing proper attention has been proposed and previously approved. which was i've written eight books on history. i've studied many persons and events in american history. i truly believe, i think i know from objectively that there is no other rater patriot who has the stature of harriet tubman. if you agree with me if your conclusions to gay today, i encourage you to take this up with your congressman. consideration by elijah cummings and representative of new york to urge the administration to follow through on the previous plans on the $20 bill. i urge you to take up. i urge you to leave this new book. how the tubman command

panel as it presents the first women that did so well in their service during the spanish- american war. the army was crying for nurses. dar helped them find qualified women. they served during the spanish- american war. they did so well that the army determined they should create a corps of nurses so they did not have to bring these people in. they would be on active duty. in 1901, february 1901, the army nurse corps was established. in 1908, the navy did the same thing, creating the navy nurse corps. they were given just the title of nurse and no rank. the male members of congress did not want them ordering men around. finally, primarily for pay purposes, legislation was passed that gave them relative rank. it was from lieutenant to major. again they could not order men around. what is critical, they were in place were actually for the first time, women were in the military. we have world war i looming. the secretary of the navy was so concerned about being able to man the force because we were sending so many troops overseas, the fleet was growing. they knew they would have to find another sou

army during world talked about this. duringrded the interview the black history luncheon hosted by the association for the study of african american life and history. -- >>as the women's army what was the women's army corps? -- or women's army corps wac. i will be using that acronym -- they enlisted women for the first time in its history to had enoughhat they people to fill the job. the men were leaving to go to the front. >> you wrote about four enlisted female soldiers. who were they? >> first of all, i'm glad that you mentioned that because so often the books are on the officers and there on the white who served, but very little on the unlisted women. they are part of the contingent of black women who served during the war. they were pioneers of the wac. they had the same reason for joining that other women had. they wanted to learn new skills. at that time most of women were in occupations of cleaning and laundry work. they wanted opportunities up -- after the war. and they wanted to advance democracy abroad as well as at home. >> tell me about the four women and their actions and the incident that occurred with that? >> the

equipping an army for women and men. , the number of african-americans were less, today it has doubled. i cannot find statistics on who were latino and asian. caucasians are only 60% of the army because we measure everything we could think of because it all matters and all touches a human that we care about in very profound ways. it is harder to get into the army. in world war ii, the draft army there were some things they were about because health care wasn't amazing. in terms of cognitive ability, you had to follow standard orders in common english. today, a much different situation. we are worried about the cognitive domain. the ethical domain and the physical domain. bearan imagine what they in the modern age, the work cycle, day and night, 72 hours, the cognitive loads put on them. today, while there were scores back in the draft area, it wasn't huge in terms of do i get in the army but what i going to do when you get into the army? today it is very important if you want to come into the army, issue arc score. -- what is your score? it has to fall into the standard deviation. only

american fighters in the civil war." she explains the term "contraband," often used for slaves who escape the protection of the union army and explains the importance of fort monroe in virginia to the contraband story. this talk was part of the american civil war museum's annual symposium at the library of virginia and cohosted by the university of virginia center for civil war history. it, meaning there would be -- christy: thank you so much. as we reconvene, i wanted to share another thought with you, and that is, if you are starting to kind of put it together, when we began imagining a people's contest, our exhibition, our core exhibition for the american civil war museum, one of the things that we understood was that we had to create an experience for our visitors that shared this narrative the way people lived it, meaning there would be difficult choices made and sometimes people would change their mind. it meant that it was not just a story about the military, not just a story about political action, not just a story about social consequence. people lived it, all of those things, every single day for the years of t

the army nurse corps, as we know it, was formed just after the spanish-american war in 1901. the first time, professional nurses were used to support the military forces in the field. in addition to caring for the sick and wounded in combat situations, these nurses, working with the doctors, became pioneers in the new fields of sanitary engineering and preventive medicine. the history of the army nurse corps, in overseas theaters or in wars of our country, is a story of patriotism and devotion to duty, a story that is usually lost in discussions of military maneuvers and spectacular victories. i suppose it is a quiet story. quiet, but it illustrates human capacity for nobility. [drumroll] cheryl: in world war i, the army nurse corps really came of age. it grew from a meager 400 to a force of more than 21,000 nurses. they served with valor in new and dangerous situations, saving and dangerous situations, saving lives and bringing comfort to the sick and wounded. general pershing bestowed recognition of a grateful country on the army nurse corps who did their job so well. -- th

it presents the first women who did so well in their service during the spanish-american war, the nurses, because the army was crying for nurses. the d.a.r. helped -- daughters of american revolution helped them find qualified women. so they served during the spanish-american war and did so well that the army determined that it was -- that they should create a corps of nurses so they wouldn't have to bring these people in. so in 1901, february of 1901, the army nurse corps was established. in 1908, the navy did the same thing, creating the navy nurse corps. they were just given the title of nurse. no rank. because we understand the male members of congress didn't want them ordering men around. but finally in 1920, primarily for pay purposes, legislation was passed that gave them relative rank. it was like from lieutenant to major. but again, they couldn't be ordering these men around. so what's critical about that is that they were in place where actually the first -- for the first time, women were actually in the military. so we have world war i looming. the secretary of navy, a guy named josephus daniel

americans were not confused about the fact the armies were primary responsibility for achieving the war aims for the united states. this meant accomplishing reunions and by 1863 included emancipation. for the confederacy, this meant an independent slavery public. -- slave republic. americans on both sides voraciously consumed news about the progress of their armies and the generals who commanded armies. to gary w. gallagher's account, the front pages of 80% of harpers weekly, a premier illustrated newspaper featured a military topic or leader. generals were the celebrities of -- celebrities and the villains of the time. their successes and failures affected army and civilian morale and commitment to the war effort. a chief example was robert e. lee and his army of northern virginia, which together became the locus of nationalism for a country that basically only existed in wartime. as gallagher argues the slaveowners of leave's army proved most nationalistic of all confederates, using letters home, battlefield victories and reenlistment to "propel loyalty among citizens and soldiers thr

the most holy and sacred sites in all of iraq turned into a battleground between the mighty army and the americans rewind returns to iraq after the american. hello there we've got plenty of unsettled weather across the middle east at the moment plenty of clouds showing up on the satellite picture over parts of iraq and iran and all of that drifting its way eastwards we're going to see more showers as we head through the next few days as wow i shower is and dust storms from those systems and they will gradually edging their way towards the east so that system then becoming more confined to the east as we head through thursday and the weather calming down for us in tehran with a maximum temperature of 27 towards the west the next weather systems edging in here those that will be over parts of turkey with ankara getting to 21 with the risk of one or 2 showers a bit further towards the south and that's plenty of cloud over the arabian peninsula at the moment that cloud has given us a few outbreaks of rain the most loyal of them have been over parts of a man and actually sticking around as we head thro

history baylor university professor julianne class on the american military including the look of the equipment and capabilities of the continental army and militia troops. she compares the advantages and disadvantages of the american and british forces. her class is about one hour 10 minutes.

army during the civil war. this cohort of southerners in blue consisted of african-american men from across the slave states, most of whom had fled slavery to join the union army. a consisted of border whites who resisted the song of concession, and even some from confederate states who chose stars & stripes over stars and bars. these anti-confederate sub the southerners offered a -- anti-confederate southerners offered a crucial margin of victory. today, as much as when it was initially published, freeling's book offers a bracing challenge to the way that americans think and talk about the civil war. freeling challenges us not to place the -- not to equate the south with the confederacy. not to slip into shorthand where we say the south lost the civil war. such a shorthand of skiers -- obscures the experiences of southerners who welcomed and contributed to the union's victory. the american civil war museum is putting strong emphasis on illuminating the personal choices of civil war era americans. keeping with that commitment i will provide you with human stories that lie behind freeling's striking statistic. i w

african-american formed a band and the army decided they didn't want the band, so i think martha probably reached out, those folks who helped her as well as eleanor roosevelt. because she said eventually eleanor roosevelt they were able to have their band. she used the gi bill to get her ph.d.. she taught at howard, she was a senior fellow at howard. she's the author of four books. just an extraordinary woman, and i can see her. she's passed away now, but i can see her after we had dedicated the programs, walking up from the metro, and i would always say, let me come get you. no, i can walk she said. walking up to be part of the ceremony at the women's memorial. >> i know i made a contribution to the women's army corps, but it was a short one in a long run. i always realize that i learned a lot. it was a tremendous learning experience. and i probably would not have served if they had not allowed my service. >> family members can register a family member or friends online, click on register. doesn't cost you anything, but we're always very happy for donations. or we have forms that can be

most holy and sacred sites in all of iraq had turned into a battleground between the mighty army and the americans. hundreds of monte finds as dined in the battle. in a new section of the cemetery built for sound as followers killed in the uprisings and sectarian violence that the u.s. led occupation provoked. families comes on of that day. so. no one knows how many iraqis have been killed since the invasion. of them it's range from more than 150002 over a 1000000. for years the u.s. claims not to keep a body count. but there are some 6000 graves in this cemetery learn where the grief seems impossible to bury. early shock a saddam's mother died during the violence in 2004 his brother is buried here in the section reserved for those killed by u.s. forces. but a lot of course we're looking at. these were the people the u.s. military expected to welcome them. but they soon made enemies of people like allie and his family. if i thought i should be. ok for. a job if i could be here in america. who. could you tell you to. just follow his listens to him deliver some of his most incendiary sermons against

american military service. he was commissioned to write this book by the union veterans organization, the grand army of the republic. the book was sold on subscription by his publisher, the american publishing company. this is the same way they sold books of authors mark twain and u.s. grant. they earn some considerable critical and popular acclaim. urban garland penn, he wrote in 1891 that sales surpassed that of any other work written by an african-american in that era. hugely influential book. wilson's pioneering history offered up a panorama of black men's civil war and military service. he chronicled the desire of blacks to enlist in the u.s. army, the opposition in the north, the emancipation policy, the heroic comportment of black troops and other storied battle. the discrimination and the federal army, particularly with regard to pay, and the final triumph of u.s. forces in the virginia theater. and what makes wilson's history so poignant is that he shares his personal experiences of soldiering. in his passages on the battle of alustee, where he was wounded, he describes not only heroism and solidarity, but

army to do in both wars. theyind in the korean war increased the catoosa program and put korean soldiers into american units. ,hey did not do that in vietnam so the u.s. army in vietnam was short, pretty much as soon as the first rotation finished in 1966 and the individual replacement system became the dominant way to get people into the country. the army just never had enough bodies to do that. there were some cases where there were officers, particularly pilots, who are supposed to get 24 months between tours in vietnam and they don't. and the retention rates for these people collapsed and it creates a vicious cycle. vietnam, butitized that's why jim has the size of the platoon he does. -- they don't have a bigness big enough >> i have a question. [indiscernible] >> talking about the consequences of college graduates been part of the army, do think one of the consequences may have been the college students started the postwar narrative? coms very contract -- bat-centric. when you look at the stories in what went on , it seems that college graduates were able to articulate their experiences in with that had

the most holy and sacred sites in all of iraq turned into a battleground between the mighty army and the americans rewind returns to iraq after the americans on al-jazeera. 6 people were killed and hundreds injured in indonesia during protests against president djoko we doze reelection. i'm richelle carey this is al jazeera live from doha also coming up one of the u.k.'s largest industrial companies british steel has gone into liquidation as the country's crisis deepens. the u.s. . says washington does not want war with iran but defends america's military buildup in the gulf. and you want to. sign on the wall right away from. rallies are held across the u.s. to protest against state laws restricting abortion. president says his government will not tolerate any threats to the country's security or unity after a day of violent protests parts of indonesia and capital are on lockdown after 6 people were killed during the riots or testers are angry at the results of last month's presidential election on tuesday the election commission declared incumbent djoko we don't know the winner giving him a 2nd t

army air corps, the tuskegee airmen became the first african-american fighter group sent into combat the national archives marking the 75th anniversary of their first deployment in 1943. the world war ii veterans talk about their combat experience during world war ii and the korean war. they recall some of their most dangerous missions and what it was like to serve in a segregated military. this is about 65 minutes. >>> so it is with great pleasure i now introduce our panel of american icons, the tuskegee airmen. the moderator of our panel is mr. ron jackson. mr. jackson is a third generation military man who's currently a tour guide at the u.s. capitol but formerly a proud paratrooper in the 82nd

you talk about your new book, sacred duty s this about the old guard, the oldest regiment in the american armyold guard served in my overseas tours, oldest regiment in our army. they go back to 1784 three years before our constitution. for the first 160 years they fought in all our major conflicts the mexican-american war and civil war and bull run at gettysburg. they performed military funerals at arlington national cemeteries and the tomb of the unknown soldier. my book, sacred duty, tells their story. by looking at young soldiers who honor them and pay tribute to their families t tell as story who we are as a nation, what we hold most dear. stuart: do you have a connection to the old guard? >> i served there for 16 months, stuart, between my time iraq and afghanistan. i probably performed four to 500 military honor funerals. unfortunately another task of the old guard is perform the dignified transfer of remains at dover air force base where fallen heroes from iraq or afghanistan in those days were being repatriated. i tell the stories and more of arlington national cemetery and how the you

army has more than 500 professionalsseum bestrchive eists who do their to ensure that the historical perspective and critical hinking skills generated by a study of history are leveraged the african-american a learning organization, did army a learning organization. t has the capability that results in a more effective fort force and i'm honored to serve community's advocate at department of arm headquarters level. afternoon in our session. this morning we had a great discussion about the problems of morale in the post-tet every force in vietnam. we will build on that and talk which the armyin and nation's military leadership rappled with these issues in terms of manpower and force management. we will introduce our panel for three. beth bailey is the foundation proffessor.ed norman camp is clinical scientist at virginia medical center. merchant activity blair is an ssociate professor of history t george mason and garry solis adjunct professional of law at georgetown university. hello, everyone. good afternoon. how t to start by saying pleased i am to be included in today's proceedings. is a very special subject for me. i'm honored to be amongst all of the distinguished historians attendin

most holy and sacred sites in all of iraq had turned into a battleground between the mighty army and the americans rewind returns to iraq after the americans on al-jazeera. the world was watching this show that it would be a while because. the radical right and we're learning about what may have led to increase taxes to try to raise the right time ron i've read years radical intelligence about threats to american forces. hello i'm richard burton you're at the listening post here are some of the media stories that we're covering this week journalists and news junkies are taught to consider the source and one of the challenges in understanding the u.s. iran showdown is that the key sources are on name. an anti sematic video published by a.j. plus arabic is pulled down the network issues an apology and suspends to journalists julian assange now faces more charges in the us that have precedent setting implications alarming ones for mainstream news outlets the perils that women journalists face in the age of the internet and gimmicks galore election coverage on indian news channels and what popped up a

army. ♪ >> monday, american history tv and washington journal are marking the 75th anniversary of d-day,rriors to victory in worlrlrlrlrl ii. during the program, we will take phone calls, tweets, and facebook comments. on sunday, june 2, complain that george washington and thomas jefferson condoned slavery. neither of them thought the office of the presidency had any power to do anything about it. >> he has written many books, including "economic facts and fallacies." of jointly interactive tweetsations with your and questions, sunday, june 2. >> next, talking about native americans in the south before the arrival of europeans. author and history professor at virginia commonwealth university. university of history and culture hosted this event. >> he specializes in native american history. he is the author of several .ooks is about native into their indigenous history, from origins to removable.

first, throughout american history, it was a volunteer army. we only had draft armies in world war i and i will not talk about that. for world war ii and for brief period after world war ii encompassing the korean war, , americans had been very suspicious of a standing large standing army in particular. another recent was that by the 1960's, the size of the eligible population was so large that they couldn't draft everyone. the issue became, who serves when all cannot serve? there were so many deferments added to exemptions time, thatt by that a person didn't have to serve then would have to serve. people began to realize what the in equity was. thought thanody of legitimize not serving and that friedman, the by economist. several folks both in government and outside of government said legitimacy to no .erving another issue was that the war was increasingly unpopular. there was no doubt about that. in that sense, that becomes one .f the approximate causes finally, i think i have only skip one of will them. finally, the army itself had lost conf