these are all hard wired reflexes of the amigdala. what is fascinating is the psychology field has identify these as the hard wired fear reflex. whereas the clinical world found these as the basic symptom clusters of ptsd, panic disorder and phobias. so we think the fear disorders together. and my final slide will get to where we want to go which is how do we understand treatment and prevention. after the fear, trauma occurs this memory is con some dated. it means it becomes permanent. what we would really like to do is provide a pharmacological or psychological intervention at the time of the trauma to prevent it from overcoming n light of that, people who already have chronic symptoms there seems to be two process that differentiate those with it and those who recover. those who get it tend to get sense phized. every time they have the nightmare, it keeps getting worse. alternatively this concept of extinction. pavlov defined extinction as repeated exposure to the cues. we keep ringing the bell over and over and the animal won't be