amy nyberger miller, from taps, those left behind after military suicides, and in boston, ronald kessler, the principle investigator of the site for army study to assess risk and resilience in service members, and ronald kessler, let me start with you, once all of the numbers were crunched and the results apparent, were you surprised to find that things like deployment didn't have that much of an impact on who decide to end their lives? >> yes. the first surprise of the study was that the increase in the suicide rate was equally high among people who had never deployed as those who had deployed. and prior to that time, we thought as a knee-jerk reaction, and that's not the case. >> are there defenses, dr. kessler, been male and female personnel. >> well, there are differences in suicide rates among men and women. men have much higher suicide rates than women do. and that's true in civilian life and in the army. but in deployment, the striking difference is, the suicide rate of men who are deployed is roughly 50% higher than the suicide rate of male soldiers never deployed. and among wome