the amygdala. the amygdala is ground zero for sensitivity to testosterone. does testosterone cause the neurons to fire to in effect invent aggressive outputs? not at all. if and only if the neurons are already firing testosterone makes them fire faster. testosterone does not turn on the martial music. it pumps the volume if it's already been turned on. so, let's make the world better place here, how about we get rid of those males, maybe not that. at least lets castrate-- well, no. well, okay how about if we pharmacologically block the effects of testosterone and what you see there besides it being mighty scary is a track record of not rewarding well in a number of places. on earth the two places where it's most unexplored is india and the state of texas there have been state ordered chemical castration's, drugs which are given that block testosterone receptors which is the equivalent of removing testosterone usually for intractable violent sexual offenders. what the literature shows is essentially has no effect whatsoever because such aggression has very li

the amygdala. it is ground zero. does it cause amygdala neurons to fire to invent aggressive outputs? not at all. if and only if the neurons are firing testosterone makes them fire faster. it doesn't turn on the music but ups the volume. in terms of let's make the world a better place and get rid of all the males or at least ca castrate, no, no. how about if he farm logically block the effect and you see besides scary a track record of not working well. in a number of places on earth, the two places where it has been most explored is india and the state of texas. there have been state ordered chemical castrations drugs given that block testosterone receptors youlusually for viole sexual offenders and it is shown to have no effect whatsoever because such aggression has very little to do with aggression and sexuality and has a lot to do with domnation and fear and issues like that. pertinent to that, you take any male on earth of any known species and take out his testicles and that was done 10,000 years ago when a bul

if you damage the amygdala you bluntly ability of an organism to be aggressive so the amygdala is about violence. that said, if you sit down in your typical endodontist and ask them what it's about, that's not the first word is going to come out of their mouths because for most people studying it, what the amygdala is about this fear. fear and anxiety and learning to be afraid. in other words, if you can learn something interesting which is you cannot understand the first thing about the neurobiology of violence without understanding neurobiology of fear in a world in which no amygdala neuron need to be afraid, there be a lot more of us sleeping between liens and labs. the thing that begin to make sense of the amygdala is what parts of the brain doesn't talk to? and which regions talk to it in turn? the next region that is incredibly interesting is all the insular cortex. the insular cortex is incredibly boring if you're a lab rat or any other metal on earth because there's something straightforward, you bite into a piece of food and it's spoiled and rotten and fetid and rancid and all

so the amygdala is about violence. except if you sit down your typical biologist and ask what it is about as i and the first word that will come out of their mouth because what it is about is fear. fear and anxiety and learning to be afraid. in other words we learned something very interesting which is you cannot understand the first thing about biology of science without understanding the biology of fear. it would be more between lions and lambs. what makes sense is the part of the brain that talks to and which regions it talks to. one that is incredibly interesting is called the insular cortex that is in fact incredibly boring if you are a lab rat or any other animal on earth because it does something very straightforward. you bite into a piece of fruit and it is spoiled him rotten and rancid and all that and what happens is as a result, your insular cortex activates and it triggers reflexes. your stomach, you gag and spit it out and have a gag reflex. they are convinced to bite into this food was rancid and disgusti