many ancient people who used writing did not. in fact, writing was first used for a very different purpose. around 8000 b.c., the world's earliest farmers had settled in mesopotamia, a region of the middle east that includes iraq and iran. in their hands, desert became rich farmland, as iigation agriculture was born. the people bartered for goods and paid taxes. record-keeping was begun, with goods represented by abstract tokens. these led to writing, according to denise schmandt-besserat, professor of mid-eastern studies. schmandt-besserat: each of these shapes was meaningful. the cone probably stood for a unit of grain, a small unit of grain. the disc probably for an even larger unit of grain. one animal -- and one animal meaning in the middle east one goat or one sheep. so how do the tokens lead to writing ? well, it took a long time. keach: it took nearly 4,000 years. but around 3500 b.c., in a culture known as sumer, the world's first cities emerged. now, a more complex economy required more complex record-keeping. accountan

still use ancient techniques., este viene siendo de... interpreter: i learned how to do pottery from my grandparents and from my great-grandparents. i watched how they worked. i started when i was very small. keach: oliverio hernandez-resendiz is one of the few remaining potters in san sebastian. he makes large pots that are used primarily for cooking. resendiz works with molds, enabling him to work quickly, while keeping the size and shape of the pots consistent. the use of molds explains why the remains found in tlajinga were so uniform. widmer: it tells us that we're dealing with a specialized production of ceramics -- not simply a whole range of ceramics for use in the compound. but, instead, what we're finding is they're making one or two types and making lots and lots of them. the thing about this ceramic production is it's basically simple -- you take clay, you make the shape, and then you fire it, you sell it. but as simple as that process is, it requires people for all the steps. keach: young and old, mal

what was its function in ancient times. in temple in and she combines elements of buddhism confucianism and talents today the experts have come here to study an inscription which mentions the movie there was this inscription put on the temple. which part of the road was this temple built on. ay ay ay ay. east's worst teams in mud. he moves along the road. notice the terrain at this crossing looks strange. it seems that they are used in the past year. don't they. the chances of it. barely noticeable stone tablet known as attendees to the experts find a number of characters like this. february fifteen eleven thirty three. that you are close to full scale attack in sichuan. changing. rushed to the sun rose in his dealings on the heroes the military importance of the sunroom the cheese and sixty six the east of sichuan. she moaned. and the formidable mongolian cavalry came to sichuan province attack the southern song dynasty from three sides. the army was defeated. mon could push on to the supposedly invincible mongolian cavalr

t jewelry had a greater purpose in ancient egypt. bracelets, rings, and necklaces served as amulets to protect and aid both the living and the dead in their journey through this and the next life. next to the burialhamber here was an open doorway to a room that howard carter came to call "the treasury." and an apt name it was because it contained some of the most extraordinary objects imaginable. the foremost object to catch carter's eye was a great shrine six feet tall surrounded by four beautiful goddesses. these goddesses were procting the dead king's viscera, which were preserved separately during mummification. extremely elegant in form, the carved-wood figures were first covered with gesso and then gilded. on their head is placed the hieroglyphic symbol representative of each goddess. in this case, we see selket with her symbol and ally, the deadly scorpion. inside the great shrine, protected by selket and the other goddesses, were four small mummiform cases containing the pharaoh's internal organs. intricately inlaid on th out

he now has a seven part opera based honor man mailer's novel "ancient evening." he has worked on the film since 2007 with composer jonathan bepler. it premiers at the brooklyn academy of music on february 12. i'm pleased to have matthew barney here at this table, welcome. good to see you. how did this start for you? >> well, there are two things. one, i -- i lost my way. the films that i had been making and i wanted to -- >> lost your way? >> i lost my way. city felt like i was going to repeat the same pattern over and over again and i thought -- i thought that if i could let go of a little bit of control, the kind of control that you grow used to as a filmmaker that i could find a new perspective. and jonathan and i had been talking about taking on the form of opera in some way and in doing that, doing what we had done in cremaster cycle but doing it in realtime and letting it happen the way that it often had on set, the sense that i often set up scenes in a way that's much more to do with performance than traditional film making. is i tend to set up a situation

she used to cheat to some of japan's most ancient myths. landscape he was being especially that the state the town has more than one hundred trucks the scenery has only myths associated with it. this was a bit was said to be a meeting place but gone. woo hoo hoo hoo. he is one thousand three hundred year olds on the tree snake reach for new students and it's good. i don't want. his mysterious chimes attack on him and he has deceived you steele's of these tunes are receiving the go and see how ago the narrow valley contains students primeval forest. i know i mean machine and mix with whom i call coming from. tens of thousands of years ago i am our friends were eight hundred meters along the ridge. leading into the changing scene. whatever she know with certainty me to a memory no turkey for us once we staked its green diesel on the ancient silk road. i do. bro went up to full speed to put straight in the narrow chasm between towering well placed. i am the most wonder goal it's time for tucker to go shrine lou i found the one thousand eight h

there i can see small crystals here proving that it's ancient rock. but really it should light up should it. know it's fast but it's luminescent as from. ok maybe you could make it luminescent if you really believed it right thank you did you really expect it to go. maybe maybe i'm just not right. there's certainly something very special about this and this ground i don't know but it might just be because they use to pulling glittering thing this out of the dark here. but who wants minis diamonds with the top attraction in turn it was time to head towards the city's most well known landmark where they were getting ready to welcome some very special guests. from all in forty years these huge realized trucks one of the most famous symbols in your couture carrying the region's diamonds from its quarries and factories and now. it's getting ready for its most important passenger ever. did most have been close to minus forty celsius but these are limping torches and torchbearers made of stern stuff. this huge quarry has been the frozen heartbeat of the city

. >> he considered "ancient evenings" to be his best work.thought it was his most misunderstood work as well. talk about that. >> we didn't talk about that. we talked about "cremaster 3" -- >> your work, not his. >> we use that as a way of talking about the book because "cremaster 3" dealt with masonic mythology and this dealt with the egyptian mythology. when he's just of, i thought i had already dealt with egypt and mythology as directly as i would be comfortable dealing with it. "ancient evenings" is about the core mythology of isis, osiris. i was terrified to read it and think, how can you do with this material in a way that is not clichÉ. mailer, and this hypersexual way, which interested me, but it was also a form of explicit sexual imagery that is different from the way that i would choose to do it. it was another way in, i would say, the eroticism of the book was another way in for me. >> what is the story fundamentally about? >> "river of fundament" is as influenced by harold bloom's review of "ancient evenings those quote as it is b

for the lighting of the olympic flame the ruins of elim pierre one of the most famous monuments of ancient greece the site of the very first olympic games where stones like this would have been part of the temple. the temple. temple of. home. mom. well that was all rather surreal. definitely the way to stream i've had for a while. there was a memorable ceremony. who i'm pretty sure the high priestess never spoke to me. what was it she said it full of the flame or something. there's. a lot more of course of base. from which the top story this morning than the thirty twenty pulteney olympic flame as of right in moscow seven days after it was in the ancient greek city of libya carried by russia's deputy prime minister dmitri cool with ak the flame travelled in a small lanton to red square where president vladimir putin spoke of its meaning for the russian people. the olympic torch the symbol of the world's primary sports competition of peace and of friendship. but he has come to russia. there are many marks the start of the longest tools relay in a limb take a street the same boy it's great t

she then used the same technology to discover over 300 tombs in a thousand ancient settlements.here are many people out there that may see you guys out there digging around in the dirt and wonder why. >> i think if we look back, there is so much we can learn from people in the past about who we are today. but the reality is, we haven't changed. we're the same people that built the picture midst. and -- pyramids, when i look at one story, there's an inscription in the western desert and a guy is writing on the face of a cliff, man, i can't believe how much i had to drink. my boss is going to be so angry. i don't understand how i'm going to make it to work tomorrow. this is three thousand years ago! nothing has changed. >> well, the world has become incredibly complex with technology as the change. dr. parcak is using technology. >> focused in terms of our excavations and our survey. today as in all scientific fields, archaeology is facing a number of challenges regarding funding as well as access to sites on the ground. we absolutely need new scientific approaches to allow us to

was an ancient water where once an important feature belong to me sewing room. means of a point road. we found along this river. a run in the same direction. the ones found in the island of ko. i checked the week. i mean what do you on top and. a great shot

you find layer upon layer of ancient rocks. if there was this enormous flood that you speak of, wouldn't there have been churning and bubbling and roiling. how would they settle out. your claim they settle out in a short amount of time is not satisfactory. in this picture, one type of sediment intruded on another type. if that was uniform, wouldn't you expect it all to be even without intrusion? furthermore you can find places in the grand canyon where you see an ancient river bed on that side and an ancient river bed on that side and the colorado river has cut through it. by the way, if this great flood drained through the grand canyon, wouldn't there have been a grand canyon on every continent? when you look at these layerers carefully, you'll find these beautiful fossils. you find down low, you'll find what you might consider is rudimentary sea animals. up above you'll find the famous bites and clams and oysters and above that you'll find some mammals. you never, ever find a higher animal mixed in with a lower one. you never

on that she has hardly changed since ancient time. march low. a chilling the ancient village woohoo leno. i say i have. i do. two the day. chief. and. it is faster. it is. i had it pains me. for her to tears since nineteen eighty four i consider myself lucky because the hobbit and even pop in for dinner. they're back on. charity the bus the tears that they can be seen there she meets thing going on. she was there to get a chance to shake a bit of spirit and she anything phd and she shared before she did decide to go to chris' comments on comments at that time in their own the man and put an end. i don't eat out of me. one day she came to korea on top. she picks one and the dot com and she loves the state to issue the issue but claimed to be she expected to be. she took a peek. after achieving high she said maybe the kids were told that he might ask did i one of them the plan and the end. some of them standing there with sensible adults. the pressure on the way. she has lived at one forty. and there but slowing i hated my favorite is the one of t

it's gone you to give thanks to tammy for protecting the nation since ancient times. drawing grounds are one hundred and twenty five places of worship we are. dawn. once every twenty years. destroying buildings gigs and regions all completely redo. using wood from trees carefully consider a tree. it's believed that this periodically to restore some fine talent in the county this continued for over one thousand three hundred years the ecg is not to kneel ancient sacred sites. it's also a magnificent know how people can come the sixteenth centuries in harmony with nature bffs. it's rich marine resources using humor is also famous for its we've been told by this. i know. ranging in age from twenty assists still on it for oysters in the old tradition one. i used to treat the operators to domestic cricket is greek for chanel's from the broken sleep. don't leave the room warm sounds and acted on route one hundred and twenty years ago the world's first call to the rules was successfully cultivated in this plan. also in the league points. the key around. you just looking. the

it was bound with an ancient or college senior warden hidden. i appreciate the way in chinese and we all know much about my experience at it. however it's amazing to me. i think that the little julia and high speed and road use a high ponytail and semi makes and create heat by and contemporary art he scored a sign post and delete this blog see links. we are beautiful works of art for weapons is to apply for this upgrade of sci fi tv news newsletter coming up. you can feel like you're not into guys. come along and all the help of the neck down and take the time rugby for the dissection of africa live with the help of a kind of withdrawal. bid international audiences are all interested in assisting the same way that american audiences are and they're interested in you know in america mrs they're also interested in this is from other countries because that again they're interested in the genre itself in the format in the way that that format this kind of existential and answers questions about good and evil and crime and punishment. and so therefor

the reflux which is me is that ancient people tried to deflect the world around them. god's was and scenes from that night and the stands. with rural cope with the tokyo symbols they lost but in the beginning of the day to experience is connected to the top ten. you cannot see is that these bodies covered with continental and i take stands on this friday stylistic system is important for us depictions of the com i'll add it to us and he didn't come on and the brain and ain he's about to holding onto them until the late bronze age though that not even a two piece. we have a developed technology which helps to date ninety nine percent of the child rapes but i still have troubles with day to one percent of them to a continued developing this cannot edgy deal of the center for the increase will cost of fuel duty appreciate you with that it'll be a difficult week and it becomes isn't here. the myth of available critical condition. besides the trouble is a big amount of ancient burial places of being found in some of the mountain area. who will we do it this time and often m

flame has arrived plus go to our website to revisit the most exciting moments of its journey from ancient greece to the russian black sea resort . iran is not open for business and that's a stark message to european firms from top u.s. negotiators the warning was voiced at a senate foreign relations committee hearing after a business is lined up to take advantage of recently agreed sanctions relief the six month window as a concession towards a final deal on iran's nuclear program argues marina earlier discussed the latest developments with our business presenter. we've had a huge french delegation making their way to iran in anticipation of this post sanction iran the oil majors are all looking forward to not just oil majors but car manufacturers including rand all with that telecoms are into the vocal manner and we're talking the biggest delegation in two years and that one was business and of course and this comes after. one there from turkey so everyone is trying to get out . alive and it's almost like everyone wants to get in the line now in reaction to this the u.s. is saying whoa h

echoes of ancient neapolis survive.and back then, like today, small businesses by day became private homes after hours, and life tumbled out of the homes and into the lanes. today this scene is just one more page in the 2,000-year-old story of naples. and to understand that story, i'm joined by my neapolitan friend, and fellow tour guide, roberta mazzarella. you name it, it occurs right on the streets today as it has for centuries. kids turn a wide spot in the sidewalk into a soccer field. walls are crusty with posters and death announcements. [ speaking italian ] steves: neighborly chitchat and heated arguments take place curbside. blue buckets help busy moms connect with the delivery boy. everyone seems connected by cellphones... and fast food comes in the form of a folded pizza. the sweeping bay of naples arcs from its teeming city south, past the ancient ruins of pompeii all the way to genteel sorrento, the gateway to the amalfi coast. and towering above is the mighty volcano mount vesuvius. the entire bay is well-s

i raced to the ancient roots archaeologists were able to summon the section and dilapidated city mall in nineteen sixty two the excavation to the constituency was the largest capital cities in the history of its future unfortunately every city in the city. the story archaeologists are to lean more toward awful insisted on moving its capital here. i i i i i i i. it's a little totes. they were started on the orders were gone. he dedicated the two young daughter to a string of interest to orchard too the little ellie has been well switch up. she's become i don't. oreo. i think it is officials and citizens in the generous donations warrior the numerous temples increased from forty two to nearly fourteen hundred during the winter only support for buddhism. ch the sea. i know. moo moo moo me know if i wanted it. while bought one at a piano. we did. the little chick been known to do with it. external door. the documentary. you know. some sellers leaves little to lose weight is to reduce buddhists and other regions. we live. abundant crops. what the eff off stature but quality. so hop on each

"ancient evenings" is about the core mythology of isis, osiris.as terrified to read it and think, how can you do with this material in a way that is not clichÉ. mailer, and this hypersexual , but itch interested me was also a form of explicit sexual imagery that is different from the way that i would choose to do it. i wouldnother way in, say, the eroticism of the book was another way in for me. >> what is the story fundamentally about? fundament" is as influenced by harold bloom's review of "ancient evenings those quote as it is by the text . he suggested it is autobiographical. that there is a protagonist to as a nobleman. the nobleman work for the pharaoh. the nobleman invariably once with the pharaoh has. sorcery to figure out a way to live again. through these tricks and devices, he can have life again. although, by blood he does not deserve it. maileruggested that if is the noble man, hemingway is the pharaoh. great wanted to write the american novel. and that that position may have been a time when america did not need that. as cinema becam

you want us to take your word for what's written in this ancient text to be more compelling than what we see around us. the evidence for a higher power and spirituality is for me separate. i encourage you to take the next minute and address this problem of the fossils, this problem of the ice layers, this problem of the ancient trees, this problem of the ark, i mean really address it. and so then we could move forward but right now i see no incompatibility between religions and science. >> yeah, i actually want to take a minute to address the question. let me just say this, my answer would be god is necessary for science. in fact, you talked about cellphones, yeah i have a cellphone, i love technology. we love technology here in answers and genesis. and i have email. we have millions of them as we speak up here. and satellites, and what you said about the information we get, hey i agree with all that. see, they are the things that can be done in the present and that's just like i showed you. dr. burgess who invented that gear set for the satellite. creationists can be great scientists

>> peru is a country that's historically driven men mad, mad for gold, for cacao, for its magical ancient history. now, there's something else drawing outsiders to its hidden mountain valleys. we love the stuff. we obsess about it, gorge on it and fetishize it. i'm talking about chocolate, once a common treat, it's now becoming as nuanced as fine wine making the pursuit of the raw good stuff all the more difficult. i'm joining that hunt in remotist peru, but not before i've re-immersed myself in the booming lima food scene. ♪ ♪ >> i'm in peru with this guy, eric. >> he was looking at this, he went into the tree. >> that's funny. >> chef of the world famous restaurant in new york. to look at where chocolate comes from, particularly our chocolate, the very expensive limited run designer chocolate bar business that eric got me into last year. so that's why we're in peru. before we get all indiana jones, we're spending some time in lima, as we like the capital city just fine. we have both of us, from previous trips, friends here. lima is the cultural hub and culinary capital of a country that

you find layer upon layer of ancient rocks. if there was this enormous flood that you speak of, wouldn't there have been churning and bubbling and roiling. how would they settle out. your claim they settle out in a short amount of time is not satisfactory. in this picture, one type of sediment intruded on another type. if that was uniform, wouldn't you expect it all to be even without intrusion? furthermore you can find places in the grand canyon where you see an ancient river bed on that side and an ancient river bed on that side and the colorado river has cut through it. by the way, if this great flood drained through the grand canyon, wouldn't there have been a grand canyon on every continent? how can we not have grand canyons everywhere if this water drained away in that extraordinary short amount of time, 4000 years. when you look at these layerers carefully, you'll find these beautiful fossils. you find down low, you'll find what you might consider is rudimentary sea animals. up above you'll find the famous bites and clam

the village relies on an ancient irrigation system. >> translation: our lives depend on this. without it the orchard would not survive. >> it is a deep well tapping into the underground water table and feeds the community by a series of tunnels and access shafts and only gives out water without disrupting the groundwater level. >> we have tried dams and everything. all these things - it's not right with the climate. >> they face frequent droughts. as a result water sources, 150 years old, are dying. the structure is made by specialist workers, and the water comes through here. out of the 3,000 that worked here, only a third are functional. water sources act as the glue holding together the communities. thousands of people migrated after their land dried up. the sense of depravation and poverty leads to what is happening in that area. >> groups live together. when the water dries up they left. it was destroyed. >> the government says it ignores the extent of the props and thinks building dams will help, but it doesn't have the funds. promise do not many much for those that depe

colombian mario gallino, ex-pat will holland and their band mates, are to be my guide for this ancientlay this game? i guess that's how it's done. what do you call this object? >> el tejo. >> hence the name. >> exactly. tejo. >> i should be good at this. i've been throwing pots into the dish thing across the room for years. >> you win more points if you get it in the middle without hitting anything. >> oh. but that doesn't sound like any fun. >> everyone has a different style it seems. you've got to do one and then another and swing. >> i don't think that style is going to work for me. after some is early success, it turns out we all pretty much suck at this. not enough beer. that's my problem. time to bring in some outside muscle. >> we're going to mix in now the experts. [ speaking foreign language ] >> who am i with? i'm over here with these guys. whoa? [ speaking foreign language ] >> holy crap, two in a row? no, one of those guys had to be on my team, right? >> the guy in the white striped shirt. his name is el pollo viejo, which is -- >> the old chicken. >> i need a poultry name.

well, did you know the ancient pyramids were actually a mistake? uh-oh. geico.teen minutes could save you fifteen percent or more on car insurance. to prove that it's still fresh on day 30. [ byron ] what do you guys think of the smell? fresh. i forgot we were in a taxi. this is a febreze vent clip. it's 30 days old. wow! no way. [ male announcer ] febreze keeps your car fresh for up to 30 days without fading. well, did you know that just one sheet of bounce outdoor fresh gives you more freshness than two sheets of the leading national store brand? who knew? so, how do you get your bounce? with more freshness in a single sheet. ( cheers and applause ). >> stephen: welcome back, everybody. to my ongoing coverage of black history month. of course, a sad and repulsive chapter of black history is the ku klux klan. last year, i told you how klansmen were arrested for offering to sell jewish groups a workable death ray. well, recently, thanks to my longstanding google news alert for "klan death ray," i learned there was an update. >> an upstate man has just pled guilt

this morning than the sochi twenty pulteney olympic flame and then by seven days off it was in the ancient greek city of in libya carried by russia's deputy prime minister dimitri cool with ak if i traveled in a small mountain to read where i was president vladimir putin spoke of its meaning for the russian people would you live to be killed this symbol of the world's primary sports competition of peace and of friendship. but he has come to russia. there are many marks the start of the longest tools relay in a limb take a story the flame boy it's great that so many people have turned out to the start of the russian relay it looks like a lot of fun out there. in a minute. but it was. the stone i picked up in and then it was on my mantle piece and if that isn't a sign i don't know what it is. i knew i had to get down to red square and experienced atmosphere for myself fortunately they were having a two day event. so from sunny greece to rather soggy moscow just at the very start of the torch is journey around the whole of russia i'm excited. the days first run there was paralympic star aless

but many criticize the way the ancient site has been displayed.on says the developer should use this as an opportunity not to repeat the mistake of the miami circle. >> i hope that we don't have that same sort of disappointment or failure to preserve the site. >> reporter: the preservation board is planning to designate the ancient plot a local historical site. next month they'll determine how best to balance the interests of preservation and urban growth. natasha ghoneim, al jazeera, miami. ♪ >>> i'm dave warren. severe weather problem today is to the east of where it was yesterday. these were tornado reports as this line of severe storms moved through the midwest. now this is what we have happening currently. we have a severe thunderstorm watch with a tornado warning here in florida. the red dots go all the way up to virginia. this is what it looks like on the radar. look for a brief period of very gusty wind and possibly some hail, and they are moving right through florida now. they are pretty much off through georgia and south carolina, but it

what satellites can reveal about ancient refugees. cable company is hoping to get even bigger.ome cast announces today it is buying time warner cable. mary snow has that story. >> by any measure comcast proposed bid to take over time warner cable is huge. there's the $45 billion price tag, and then there's the potential reach. we buying the second largest cable provider, comcast would have roughly 33 million subscribers, cementing its place as the country's largest cable company. >> to put it in perspective, when chase bout jpmorgan, that was only a 33 billion r thats deal. so this is a really large merger. >> the deal was unexpected and comes after comcast became a major content producer by finalized it's purchase last year. here is how comcast stacked up. a paid t.v. provider comcast is the largest. satellite providers and dish network followed. time warnser next with roughly 11 million. smaller companies have more than $4 million each. what request consumers each? one analyst covering the cable industry says changes for consumers won't be dramatic. >> consumer whose are in c

was it worshipped by an ancient civilization?aco. [ man laughs, monkey screeches ] actually, we just ran out of buns. so... [ male announcer ] applebee's legendary quesadilla burger. an epic reason to see you tomorrow. [ cheers and applause ] >> jimmy: welcome back. liam neeson is here tonight and dave salmoni is backstage with a pack of wild ravenous animals to eat us all. i mentioned earlier, this is our 2,000th show. we went on the air january 26th, 2003 on a sunday after the super bowl, and we've come a long way since snoop dogg christened our green room long before it was medically permitted here in the state of california. [ laughter ] we've had a lot of fun. we've laughed. we've made kids cry. and i'd just like to take a moment to thank everyone who's made it all possible. my staff and crew, whatever your names are. you mean the world to me. [ laughter ] our writers, our producers, our camera guys. our various departments. our band, cleto and the cletones. [ cheers and applause ] my little pal guillermo. my right-hand man.