in 1990 of the great soviet physicist and dissident andrei sakharov. for those who haven't heard this word before, the word dissident means a civil objector, someone who is practicing civil disobedience without taking up arms or launching an armed rebellion. it's a word whose historical roots are often found in disobedience against the governments of the soviet union and its cold war era puppet governments across central and eastern europe. though now the word taken on a much wider resonance and we talk about, quote unquote, dissidents against dictatorships and authoritarian regimes everywhere of all ideological stripes. this man depicted andrei sakharov, worked in the 1940s and fifties when joseph stalin was in power in the ussr to get the soviet union atomic and thermonuclear weapons technology only then to do a complete about face, turning away from everything had done as a younger man and becoming an international campaigner, denouncing soviet union's misuse of atomic technology and suppression of human rights and oppression of categories of its ci