andrew jackson shut down the bank. so for everything from paul volcker and reagan, you have a lot of government people that have gotten this wrong. i'm not in the camp that janet yellen is all knowing. she missed her window and now she's reacting to the market. >> andrew jackson? that's a little much. >> some are saying that hamilton should never have created the fed. but you're the one who likes what they have been doing. >> when you have a job that needs to be done, send a woman. >> there we go. >> oh, wow. >> i have to send that to jonas. quick response. >> if if you look at the history of this country when we didn't have central banking, that was a scary time. i will take the frothiness over the panic. i personally think this is the strongest economy right now. personally, it is a fact and the whole world right now, and in that case as an american invest investor, you don't need safe havens like gold. in america, stocks and bonds do well. gold is down 40% over the last few years. as much as the stock market fell th

, and first of all they did win famous battles like new orleans with andrew jackson. they felt like they were a power to be reckoned with. they felt like not a colony anymore. and america had asserted its importance on the world stage. this was a time when the u.s. had increasing global power. >> i would imagine in these papers, you are asking yourself questions, what would you ask him? cassandra good: oh, what would i ask him? i would want to know what he was telling his family about what was going on with great britain and diplomatic discussions, we we can see some glimpses among letters to friends, but it would be nice to know in some cases what he would tell a french diplomat, or maybe a spanish diplomat, something totally different. what were his true motivations, that is harder to get at. >> you smile when you talk about james monroe, why is he a passion for you? cassandra good: the early republic is i think an exciting time, because this is when americans felt anything was possible. they had broken away from this republic, they felt like they were blazing a pat

his future as the fledging super power, two centuries of honoring men, campaigners hope to pull andrew jackson off the 20 and replace him with a great american woman. then hamilton's treasure secretary jack lew, it's the first american president for a depreciation. appreciating him before he's depreciated, it is the "inside story." ♪ >> welcome to "inside story." i'm ray suarez. i'm going to break form today and acknowledge and announce a bias. i think alexander hamilton is a coolest founding father. not born to genteel respectability, in new england, he was born out of wedlock on a tiny caribbean island, had to fall back on his talents and got others to pay his college tuition in new york and through raw talent and burning ambition was a stand outsoldieout soldier and politician. yet the american treasury is about to shrink hamilton's importance. at the very same moment his story is being told on the broadway stage to rave reviews. >> i've seen the play, it's that good. >> i was blown away. it is revolutionary, it will revolutionize american theater. >> rock stars and a-listers lined up of th

salmon chase presided over the impeachment trial of andrew jackson. the story of how this grave marker came to us is an interesting one. it is one of my favorite stories at the museum. the grave marker was found as a construction company was digging for a retaining wall. they excavated it out of the ground. it was essentially deposited as trash, garbage. it was used as building material after salmon chase was moved to cincinnati from his original burial place in washington, d.c. three years ago now, the marker was found. it was graciously saved and preserved by the construction manager at the site, who contacted the national underground railroad freedom center with interest in donating it to us. it came to the freedom center, went directly on display, and will be permanently on display in the gallery. we have moved upstairs to our permanent collection storage at the freedom center. in the past several years, our collection has continued to grow and grow. we are able to display a lot of items that we own for visitors. i want to show you three specific

salmon chase presided over the impeachment trial of andrew jackson. the story of how this grave marker came to us is an interesting one. one of my favorite stories at the museum. the grave marker was found as a construction company was digging for a retaining wall. they excavated it out of the ground. it was essentially deposited as trash, garbage. it was used after salmon chase was moved to cincinnati from his original burial place in washington dc. three years ago now, the marker was found. it was graciously saved and preserved by the construction manager at the site, who contacted the national underground railroad freedom center with interest in donating it to us. it came to the freedom center, went directly on display, and will be permanently on display in the gallery. we have moved upstairs to our permanent collection storage at the freedom center. the past several years, our collection has continued to grow and grow. we are able to display a lot of items that we own for visitors. i want to show you three specific items. the first item is an orig

salmon chase presided over the impeachment trial of andrew jackson. the story of how this grave marker came to us is an interesting one. one of my favorite stories at the museum. the grave marker was found as a construction company was digging for a retaining wall. they excavated it out of the ground. it was essentially deposited as trash, garbage. after salmon chase was moved to cincinnati from his original burial place in washington dc. three years ago now, the marker was found. it was graciously saved and preserved by the construction manager at the site, who contacted the national underground railroad freedom center with interest in donating it to us. it came to the freedom center, went directly on display, and will be permanently on display in the gallery. we have moved upstairs to our permanent collection storage at the freedom center. the past several years, our collection has continued to grow and grow. we are able to display a lot of items that we own for visitors. i want to show you three specific items. the first item is an original adverti

just to back track a bit, i'm interested in how you carry forward this from andrew jackson so if we were to take it step-by-step, how is jefferson transmitted or transposed, if you will, in the ten-years of andrew jackson? >> jackson is an interesting figure because jackson, as some of you may know, came into public life as a general. he ran for presidency in 1824 and he lost even though he won the plurality of the vote, the popular vote and the electoral college vote. he lost because when there's no majority in the electoral college, then the vote goes to the house of representatives. and in the house, the house picked john quincy adams and jackson was outraged. he spent the next few years cultivating a political persona as the heir of jefferson. and he came no office then in 1828 proclaiming that he was going to defend jeffersonian principles. but what happened was almost immediately jeffersonianism fragmented and there are parts of jackson's party led primarily by his vice president, john c. calhoun who took jeffersonianism as nullification, the ability of states to nullify federal la

his future as the fledging super power, two centuries of honoring men, campaigners hope to pull andrew jackson off the 20 and replace him with a great american woman. then hamilton's treasure

his future as the fledging super power, two centuries of honoring men, campaigners hope to pull andrew jackson off the 20 and replace him with a great american woman. then hamilton's treasure secretary jack lew, it's the first american president for a

his future as the fledging super power, two centuries of honoring men, campaigners hope to pull andrew jackson off the 20 and replace him with a great american woman. then

this was very early on and continued until the era of andrew jackson, a question of whether congress has the authority to create a bank of the united states, which today kind of resistance is the federal reserve. the question is, is that really a regulation? does not do anything to directly regulate. congress can make any law that is necessary and proper to carry out these powers that it is given, including the power of commerce. this was another hamilton versus jefferson debate about what exactly does necessary and proper mean? does that just mean anything that is necessary, or does it more broadly mean anything that reasonably serves gm's? and it took a while, but hamilton's view one out. >> today the commerce clause , when you team it up with the necessary and proper clause becomes the authority that is used to justify most federal government regulations. i had a law professor i used to tell this story, the punchline of which is the commerce clause is something that we use for everything, ironic that a power -- but i think the words sustain this a power that was designed primarily

>> i end the book with the war of 1812 and another attack on pensacola, andrew jackson. by 1812, there are two sides to that, to the previous question. on the one hand, the british and spanish still very much there, creeks fighting against each other, efforts to build a stronger nation and alliance with other indians felt and it is still a complicated place where sovereignty is up in the air and the united states is much more powerful and becoming the nation we will see in the next decade. i will be around awhile longer. thank you all for coming. [applause] [inaudible conversations] >> figure out how to switch this. [inaudible conversations] >> here's a look at current best-selling nonfiction book according to national public radio. .. look at npr's bestsellers list continues with h is for. by helen mcdonnell. followed by former president carter's reflection on his life and career in, a full life. former vice president dick cheney and his daughter liz cheney, present their thoughts on national security. in the road to character new york times columnist looks at the lives

the best example was when andrew jackson came to be sworn in as president. he came on a horse-drawn carriage in tennessee. in 1837 after his presidency when he returned to tennessee, he returned on a train pulled by a steam engine. then as so often happens as we know these days, the classic boom and bust cycle kicked in. we had what was called the panic of it was a great recession. 1837. banks failed. states defaulted on their loans. it was required for congress to pass our first bankruptcy laws. it was a terrible time. a young lawyer in springfield, illinois i just got admitted to the bar and found out his practice was dominated by collection cases. that was abraham lincoln. politically by 1820, a division within the u.s. was no longer the state against small state. rather it was free state against slave state. missouri compromise of 1820 had free states and slave states by a admitting the names of the free states and slave states. the revolt in 1831 and the abolition of slavery deeply worried the southernists. in the north there was great agitation to move

this was very early on and continued until the era of andrew jackson, a question of whether congress has the authority to create a bank of the united states, which today kind of resistance is the federal reserve. the question is, is that really a regulation? does not do anything to directly regulate. congress can make any law that is necessary and proper to carry out these powers that it is given, including the power of commerce. this was another hamilton versus jefferson debate about what exactly does necessary and proper mean? does that just mean anything that is necessary, or does it more broadly mean anything that reasonably serves gm's? and it took a while, but hamilton's view one out. >> today the commerce clause , when you team it up with the necessary and proper clause becomes the authority that is used to justify most federal government regulations. i had a law professor i used to tell this story, the punchline of which is the commerce clause is something that we use for everything, ironic that a power -- but i think the words sustain this a power that was designed primarily

of george washington, the wily instincts of abraham lincoln, and the populace instinct seven andrew jackson. he was an incredible politician, and an incredible leader. what is interesting is a however hands on he may or may not have been, frankly almost aredost every day at 5:00 a.m. he had something called the children's hour where he would have advisors are good friends come in and he would mix the drinks and because he was a cripple this was an activity and activiref would energize him. they would never talk about politics. his days when not always be the toughest of days, sometimes he had a light schedule. i think it is safe to say that it all the major decisions that came not from his staff, not from his generals, they came out of what i put earlier, his fertile imagine natiover u it was done in shat hte of what marshall said they said that invasion would go down as the blackest day in american history. how wrong could they have been. roosevelt was able to peer out into the distance and in so many maes r decisions it was his doing. even when they were getting assistance from - lynn was

so was andrew jackson.ation of outsider populace outrage that's had a long history in this country. >> by the way, if you're at home and you're near a computer google craig shirley, newt gingrich, andrew jackson. i want traces back the populism of andrew jackson to donald trump. >> the book is "last act" and out in october. craig shirley, always great to see you. >> craig thank you. >> take care. >> i want to deliver my newspapers now. >> okay. you do that. >> gene, thanks a lot. you are, of course, a lot of people say you were the wendell wilky -- >> pre-eminent wendell wilky. >> the obama administration admits russia is ramping up its military involvement in syria's civil war. we have a lot to talk about with state department spokesman john kirby. keep it right here on "morning joe." here is a simple math problem. two trains leave st. louis for albuquerque at the same time. same cargo, same size, same power. which one arrives first? hint: it's not the one on the left. the speedy guy on the right is part o

in best example is that 1829, when andrew jackson came to be sworn in as president, he came in a horse-drawn carriage from tennessee. presidencyter his when he returned to tennessee, he returned on a train pulled by a steam engine. the technological change was that dramatic. then, as so often happens as we know these days, the classic boom and bust cycle kicked in. the panict was called of 1837. it was a great depression, a great recession. the banks failed. states defaulted on their loans. it was required for the united states congress to pass our first bankruptcy laws. it was a terrible time. a young lawyer in springfield, illinois, who had just got admitted, found that his practice was dominated by collection cases. politically, by 1820, the division within the united states was no longer big state against most they. rather, it was free state against slave state. the missouri compromise of 1820 maintained that exact balance of free states and slave states by free stateaine as a and missouri as a slave state. 183revolt and virginia and -- in1831 and the abolition -- in 1831 and the aboliti

there was a time with andrew jackson when the court said the cherokee indians in northern georgia andckson sent troops that did not support the court's opinion. rather than driving the indians out they went along the trail to oklahoma where the descendents live until this day. and i love the the story of little rock with eisenhower eisenhower. it was tough for him.rrsu they were standing there in the face of an order. remember this is three years after brown versus board of education. 1954 brown. no more segregation. 1955, what's changed? nothing. 1956 what's changed? double nothing. in 1956 a judge in arkansas says desegregate and they said no. eisenhower had to make that decision. they went in and said to the president, i'll integrate. he went out and told the press the opposite. eisenhower got pretty angry. he had a figure out out what to do. he was told by jimmy burns, if you sent troops, you better be prepared for a second reconstruction. you you better be prepared to occupy the south. the best that will happen is that they will close the school and nobody will be educated. his w

one was of andrew jackson because of his proclamation on notification which guided lincoln in his thinking on succession and the other was john bright. to to him this represented the liberal cause in the world. tell us something about john bright and how important he was in britain and his relationship with lincoln himself. >> they never met. bright bright never came to america but he was a tremendous force during the civil war and an international voice. he he was a quaker. he was a cotton mill worker. he should've been on the side of the confederacy but he wasn't. as a quaker he was opposed to war and he was also opposed to the english aristotle city because he was a quaker and he was an minority. he became an advocate of reform in england and particularly reform of voting rights. he wanted what was called universal suffrage which really meant for men only but it was for all men. he wanted it american style democracy. >> during 1861, the union had apprehended at sea, to confederate emissaries and it created an international crisis. the press and britain was flipping up the public into a

and with francis scott key's help us in to two jobs in the administration of andrew jackson. francis scott key health tawney become the u.s. attorney general, then secretary of the treasury, and then the chief justice of the supreme court to roger tawney went on to write the dred scott decision in 1857, which effectively legalized slavery and hastened the coming of the civil war. francis scott key and tony were inseparable political figures, and influential and important that is totally forgotten. in washington, there is a bridge that crosses the potomac river, and right by where it is is a park where francis scott key used to live. in the park, there are exhibits devoted to him. there is one that says, francis scott key was active in antislavery causes. this is flat wrong. it is completely wrong. it would be more accurate to say that he was active in suppressing antislavery causes. this is to remind people of all the things that we really don't want to remember about our own history. this is also a book about the real francis scott key, but i don't want to get the wrong impr

of each other agree to some sort of central bank was necessary and so for the first time since andrew jackson had killed a second bank the second bank of the united states, we got a compromise central banking system that was federated and based on the model of the federalism of the united states. they have three indispensable functions that markets cannot perform for themselves. first it regulates the volume at the price of credit something money markets cannot do for themselves because of their tendency to overshoot or to undershoot. this is a balancing act of providing the credit the economy needs but also taking away the punch bowl in our famous metaphor when the economy becomes overheated. second and even more important, they function as a lender of last resort in a crisis such as the collapse of 2008 and the lesser crisis that might have blossomed into full-blown depressions such as the flash crash, the latin the latin american asian crisis, the collapse of long-term capital management, the october 1987 stock market crash. it didn't do the lender of last resort job so after 1929 at the e

and i wanted to ask if you ever read andrew jackson's farewell address from 1837 on this, on the topic of honest money? he ended the second bank of the u.s., and he pointed how a gold ask silver coin -- and silver coin were meant to be protecting the wealth of the laboring class from being inflated away by the largest corporations, banks and politicians, con structuring more and more credit money into existence to enrich themselves while taxing away the value of paper money that people were left with. even going back to roger sherman, caveat against injustice on the evils of a fluctuating medium of exchange from 1752. have we just wanted it to be so easy having easy credit money that a we've ross the sense of -- we've lost the sense of liberty comes from honesty in relationships? >> yeah, well, yeah. honesty is very, very important, and honest money is very, very important. that is, inflation is equivalent to having all of us lying to one another. and i think that that's one of the jackson is one of my heroes because he did get rid of the second national bank. and the first national ba

i tell her it is a process that has taken 200 years and there was a time with andrew jackson really whenthe courts said the cherokee indians owned northern george and jackson sent troops not to enforce, but rather to drive the indians out, they went along the trail of tears were the descendants live to this day. eisenhower, i love the story of little rock because it was tough for us. standing there with an order, this was three years after brown vs. board of education, 1954 brown, no more segregation, 1955, what changed? nothing. 1956 change, double nothing, and central high school, and i may have a court order and state police and eisenhower had to make that decision because they are arranged a meeting, said to the president's i will integrate and went out and told the press, eisenhower got pretty angry, had to figure out what to do. he was told by ginnie burns, a member of the supreme court to run the war effort, the logistical parts and was governor of south carolina, moderate on race and he said eisenhower if you send troops you better be prepared for a second reconstruction. you bet

and there was a time with andrew jackson, really, of when the court said the cherokee indians own northern georgia, and jackson sent troops but not to enforce the court's opinion. rather, to drive the indians out. they win along the trail of tears. to oklahoma, where their descendents lift to this day, and dish love the story of little rock but it was tougher for eisenhower. the governor, which i can remembers' some of us can -- standing there, in the face of an order -- i mean, remember, this is three years after brown vs. board of education, 1954 brown. no more segregation. 1955. what changed? nothing. 1956. what changed? double nothing. 1957, judge in arkansas says integrate central high school and the governor says, no, i have -- you may have the court order but i have the state police. and eisenhower had to make that decision because they arranged a meeting between the governor and eisenhower, and -- up at the summer white house. the governor weren't in and said to the president, i'll integrate, and went out and told the press the opposite. eisenhower got pretty angry. then he had to

this is around the time that andrew jackson failed to renew the charter of the banks. the country was thrown into a depression. they were renting out parts of the house to make ends meet. being a minister didn't pay much money back then, being a a college professor didn't pay much money. harriet's husband calvin was both. they were chronically short of cash. she asked for for money to go back east. it was there, she was there a long time, she got it out of her system, she was physically and spiritually reenergized. she came back to cincinnati and became pregnant with her son samuel charles stowe. this this young man let her life up. she admitted, this is the sixth of her seventh child, this was her favorite child. the water treatment works so well that calvin took it the next year. so little charlie was born in 1848, 1849 calvin said this water here sounds like fun. why don't i do it. he it was argued all the way to the supreme court. a few minutes from here not far from where harriet and calvin live. it was called the jones versus van zandt case. van zandt was a farme

andrew jackson transformed american politics and in many ways reinvented the american presidency. he ran as an outsider. certainly the establishment was horrified. it's one of the great set pieces of american democracy, the scene of inauguration day, 1829, when jackson and his fellow westerners descended on the town, took it over. it was never quite the same. at the end of the 19th century, you had william jennings bryan, who gave voice to the feelings of mostly southern and western farmers and others who felt victimized by wall street. a lot of this is... the question is what are you outside of. it's notable to washington establishment that they run against, but it oftentimes the economic policies that it represents and that in turn are centered symbolically on wall street. >> ifill: michael, let's go back the jimmy carter who lara mentioned. i forgot. there were 17 candidates, democratic candidates for president in 197. incredible. >> it is. that's one reason why jimmy carter had packaged himself as an outsider, which was to some extent a scam. he had been in politics for ten ye

he presided over the impeachment trial of andrew jackson. storyrave marker -- the by which it came to us is one of my favorite stories at the museum. the grave marker was found as a construction company was digging for a retaining wall. they actually excavated it out of the ground and it was put there as trash, garbage. it was used as building material chase was moved to cincinnati from his original burial place and washington, d.c. three years ago now the marker was found. it was graciously saved and preserved by the construction manager at the site at the time, who contacted us at the national underground railroad freedom center. so, it came to the freedom center, went directly on display, and will be permanently on display in this gallery. >> [indiscernible] we have moved upstairs to our permanent collection at the freedom center. the past several years, our collection has continued to grow and grow. for now, it displays a lot of the items we have in our collection that we do not exhibit for his hitters. i want to show you three specific

andrew jackson. the candidate of the common folk.w west, the first president who wasn't from the virginia dynasty or the massachusetts dynasty. so this idea of the outsider is as old as the republic and the truth is the republicans never nominate outsiders. george w. bush was no outsider. governor of texas. part of a political family. who's the last outsider of the republicans nominated? i challenge anyone to name that person. >> who was it? >> none. that's my point. the closest is barry goldwater kind of an outsider because he ran against the mainstream of the republican party but he, of course, a senator of arizona. all been senators, govern nofrs or vice presidents or dwight eisenhower, a great general and a war hero. you know, outsiders flash like cain, last time. but they don't tend to last in the republican party but maybe breaking the mold this time. >> that's a great point of who's getting the attention where the nomination usually heads. the other big clip to play and one you know, shows that even in old primary debates, lon

key very politically ambitious and with key's help ascended to jobs in the administration of andrew jackson. first key helped tawny become the u.s. attorney general then the secretary of the treasury and then in 1836 the chief justice of the supreme court. roger tawny went on to write the dread scot decision which effectively legalized slavery and hastend the coming of the civil war. so thrp inseparable political figures in this period and influential and important in a way that has been totally forgotten. in washington there's a key bridge which crosses the is a c river and right by park where key used to live. and in the park there's lots of exhibits devoted to him. there's one that says key was active in anti-slavery causes. and this is flat wrong. it's completely wrong. it would be much more accurate to say that key was active in suppressing anti-slavery causes. part of the point is to remind people of all the thing that is we really don't want to remember about our own history. so this is a book about the real frances scot key. but i don't want to give the wrong impression. this book i

he was a pirate who joined major general andrew jackson in defending new orleans from the invading british forces. question number eight, what's the classic '80s movie about it was number three, the goonies of course. it was a great movie from the '80s. a pirate flag is known widely as sour sam, jolly roger or unhappy hagrid. i don't know. not all pirate flags just had a skull and cross bones but they had the same nickname, jolly roger. question ten, what does a red pirate flag mean? no drinking new york city sing ingdrinking, no singing or no mercy? no mercy. when a pirate ship hoisted the red flag, it meant they would leave no survivors on the ship that they were attacking. what do you do in that situation? i guess you're kind of stuck. great game, everyone. we have a winner. let's check out the number. 9939. awesome job, winner. and congratulations all of our top tens. big improvement over last week. >>> a dwuz ozen donuts. there you go. >> before we go. weather. we do have visibility issues. >> the fog is still an issue this morning. you have to be careful, especially north and west of

married in 1836, and the economy is falling apart the this is right around the time president andrew jackson failed to renew the charter of the banks. the country was thrown into a depression. they were renting out parts of the house to make ends meet. being a minister didn't pay much money back then come and being a college professor didn't pay much money back and. and harriet's husband, calvin, was both so they were chronically short of cash. she got asked to to go back east to take what's called a water cure him. she was there for a long time. she got all out of her system. she was physically and spiritually reenergized, and she came back to cincinnati. and instantly became pregnant with her son samuel charles stone. this young man lived her life. she admitted, this was six of her seven children that he was her favorite child. the water treatment worked so well that calvin took the next year. so little charlie and she called was born in 1848 to 1849, calvin says of his water cure sounds like fun, why don't i do it? he does come and then one of the worst cholera epidemics takes place in 18

talking about all the presidents and what bills they're on, so i'm pretty sure that it's "a," andrew jackson, final answer. >> i'm pretty sure you're right also. that's well done. [cheers and applause] a great final conversation to have as you walked into "millionaire." >> yeah, i know. super lucky, and good thing i actually remembered. >> all right, well, you're at $2,000 now. a shot at $3,000 with this question. mark ruffalo described what character as "my generation's hamlet" because he's been played by many different actors, including ruffalo himself? >> so, i know that mark ruffalo was in "the avengers" and he played the hulk, so i'm gonna go with b, final answer, the hulk. >> absolutely right. >> yay! [applause] >> $3,000 just like that. and the next one, $5,000, is your first threshold, that safety net you can get to, so here it is, your $5,000 question: while the aurora borealis occurs around one of the earth's poles, the aurora australis occurs around the other, and is nicknamed the what? >> this question's really important, and i have a feeling, but i would like to be a little more

. >> 170 years ago when andrew jackson was president of the united states in the supreme court issuedruling with which he disagreed and the chief justice was john marshall. president jackson famously said john marshall has made his ruling. now let him go and enforce them. that attitude that a president can refuse to comply with the supreme court opinion has been condemned and not in vogue and not part of our society or jurisprudence for the past 175 years. even donald trump told -- while you were in office. if you don't like a lot, don't be in the business of enforcing it. >> change the rules on may and now it's my religious freedoms have not not fair. >> the accommodation is for someone else issued the marriage licenses. charles: something tells me we'll keep hearing about this. >> i think we are. charles: thanks a lot, judge. a big rally looking up is so for a triple digit gain. your 401(k) couldn't do that a week ago. and the patriots accused of cheating as a gag. roger caddell and the patriots on the same page. more "varney & company" is next. we live in a pick and choose world. c

. >> it would be a wild ride, comparable to andrew jackson, when he became president in 1828.n't know exactly what it would be like i think what country is telling us is they are so fed up with business as usual, so fed up with politics, as usual, they are o so fed up with somebody tells them thousands of e-mails later she is not really quite sure exactly what happened but knows it wasn't her fault, that they are willing to take pretty big risk i think fascinating that dr. carson who is you know the on sut of trump in experientipersonality e natural poll donald trump ben carson two front runners has a broad sense what needs to be done. >> for sure, by the way, you have similar situation on democratic said to bernie sanders numbers. >> that is right he is getting stronger democrats -- they think they can give sanders to a three or four months as only alternate to hirl not potentially nominated. >> good to have you on the show newt gingrich, samsung phone close to replacing your wallet apple pays newest competitor, india central bank cut key interest rates -- price increases for

george washington , the wily instincts of an abraham lincoln, and the populist instincts of an andrew jackson. he was an incredible politician and an incredible leader. what is interesting is that however hands-on he may or may not have been -- and frankly almost every day at five or 6:00 o'clock he had something called the children's hour or the cocktail hour we would have his advisors are good friends command, and he would makes the drinks. hehe loved to mix the drinks and they would never talk about politics. his days were not always tough. he sometimes a-uppercase-letter schedule, but it is safe to say that on all of the major decisions they came out from his staff, not from from his generals, not from his military advisers but as i put it earlier come out of his fertile imagination. indeed, the invasion of north africa that came in 1942 was done in spite of what eisenhower and marshall said. that invasion would go down as the blackest day in american history. how wrong can they have been? roosevelt was able to peer out into the distance, and in so many of the major decisions it was is do