supreme court, andrew jackson puts taney on the court. now, taney had been a cabinet member under jackson, secretary of treasury. and, prior to that, he had been a sort of leading advocate of jackson's candidacy for president back in maryland. so there are strong political ties there. you mentioned earl warren. earl warren is put on the court by eisenhower as part of a campaign promise that if warren will help him in the state of california, that he'll give to warren the first vacancy on the supreme court. no one knew that the first vacancy was going to be the chief justiceship, right? and this is the final point. warren had never been a judge. he's suddenly chief justice. roger taney had never been a judge. salmon p. chase had never been a judge. it's very common in the 19th century, as you indicated, for justices to come from the political realm, from congress, from the cabinet, from private practice. and that doesn't change until recently, really in the last 50 years that has changed. we've moved toward a very professionalized supreme

andrew jackson. abraham lincoln. maybe, i don't know, thomas jefferson if you like him. , james polk has his fan club. but for the most part, presidents of the 19th century are unmemorable by design. but things change in the 20th century when and because the united states for the first time has a full-time foreign policy. i've written about 19th century presidents. and when i write about a presidency, i sort of have this idea because i started writing history in the 20th century about dwight eisenhower's presidency. so there's go to be a lot on foreign policy. so when i was writing about andrew jackson, ulysses grant, well there has got to be a chapter on foreign policy. but there is not that much foreign policy. it's only in the 20th century when the united states has a full-time foreign policy and then the president has to take charge. the president is commander in chief of the armed forces and he is the de facto diplomatic chief of foreign policies. it's in the 20th century where the president takes center stage i

andrew jackson is the first popularly elected president. he's the one that makes the presidency the people's office. and his election appalled members of the establishment, members of, well, the adams family and supporters of all those presidents who had come from the elite, from the american aristocracy. he was the first real common man to be president. and especially in places like new england, around boston, around harvard college. the idea that this unlettered werner, this uncouth militarist should be president of the united states was something they had a hard time getting their head around. and john quincy adams who was defeated by jackson and went back to massachusetts to lick his wounds and to really fret over the future of the republic, if this is the kind of person the presidency attracts, there is no hope. well, there were people in new england -- there were people at harvard who took a different view. this is the way the world is going. we have to make our peace with it. and so the board of trustees of harvard decided that in th

same thing that andrew jackson said. >> exactly.bout, helove the part talked about national debt has become almost an institution of monarchies and he goes on, i went back and looked at the budgets. 1845 it was $16 million. >> yeah. 15.5 million, but $47 47, $38 million and million. why did it jump? with mexico. it's amazing that you brought up the debt line in there because about that line normally but it's fantastic, right? does he u.s.-mexican war is it forces the u.s. to borrow all of this money from european bankers. to start paying off all of that debt. brian: i've got to read that, given today, we're at $22 trillion in debt. the national debt has become almost an institution. t's view by some of them as an essential prop to existing governments. melancholy is the condition of people whose government can be by a system which periodically transfers large mounts from the labor of the money to the -- coffers of the few. story around that back in those days? >> the story here is that, like said, the wigs are really the government,

andrew jackson would be one of his political influences and somebody who he would look to in the history books for guidance as to how to be a president of all of the people. when truman was a young man, just about six years old or so, about the time that his family moved to independence, he was diagnosed as having a condition known as flat eyeballs. and so he received a pair of glasses with a special prescription. he was legally blind. he said later, change the way of his boyhood and that he couldn't play the sports that other boys did. baseball, football and other rough-housing. and it restricted him to playing the piano and reading. and he later claimed that the love of books came to him largely because of that increasingly ability to read. and he claimed that he read by the time he left independence every book in the independence public library. here in this room, they were surrounded by the books that they loved. it's a very eclectic collection of books. he has everything from a couple additions of the holy bible to many biographies of everybody from alexander the great to jacqueline

that's a biography of andrew jackson. andrew jackson would be one of his political influences and somebody who he would look to in the history books for guidance as to how to be a president of all of the people. when truman was a young man, just about six-years-old or so, about the time that his family moved to independence, he was diagnosed as having a condition known as flat eyeballs. and so he received a pair of glasses with a special prescription. he was legally blind. he said later it changed the way of his boyhood and that he couldn't play the sports that other boys did. baseball, football and other rough-housing. and it restricted him to playing the piano and reading. and he later claimed that the love of books came to him largely because of that increasingly ability to read. and he claimed that he read by the time he left independence every book in the independence public library. here in this room they were surrounded by the books that they loved. it's a very eclectic collection of books. he has everything from a

an enemy of andrew jackson but did not get shot for. i don't know how he let him off the hook. sam houston, the governor of texas, john crittenden was a kentucky politician consider the protigi of henry clay and looking for compromise? for a way to meet in the middle? john crittenden is your man. and the group included other northern former whigs who were not excited about the slavery issue. edward everett was a professor, a diplomat, a u.s. senator, and a few years after this he would become one of those rate historical trivia questions. they were dedicating this veterans cemetery at gettysburg and they invited the man they considered the great oratory of the era. he new latin and the great romans and he gave a two hour speech to hail the dedication of the cemetery and gettysburg. and then somebody else got up and talked for two minutes and he is the one we remember. so he wrote to lincoln after this if i could have captured in my two hours how perfectly you captured things in two minutes, i would've done a good job. the unionists choo

it was due to the indian removal act of 1830 during the andrew jackson administration. that is how my ancestors came to the territory in 1907. >> in your books in 2013 you came out with, call for change, the ways of american indian history. a call for change and morality. what did you learn researching it? >> culture change was a book i was working on for a long time, because in that what i am saying is that when we look at history and american indians we are really looking at american indians from a non-indian point of view and over 30,000 books have been written about american indians, but it is really from a non-indian point of view. when you look at the history of native people, it is really about relationships with the white, mainstream world. with the government, for example. i refer to that is a second dimension. it is the third dimension from the american indian point of view is that comanches have logic, the navajo have their own eat those, we don't really think about american indians that way. it is really from many indian perspectives. there are 567 federally

you know it's trouble if he started an andrew jackson. the president also admitting that he spoke with first lady melania trump about firing james comey before actually firing the former fbi director. we have an all-star panel for you ready to dig into all of this. but first let's go to nbc news mike viqueira who is live at the white house. i don't think he wants to return to the white house any time soon. >> reporter: i'll tell you, this is remarkable even for president trump as unrestrained i've ever seen him in the three years we've been watching him since before the 2016 election. this is a rambling streen of consciousness and the president is coming up on the two hour mark. he started about a half hour later than scheduled at about 12:15 as you report, but it's after the 2:00 hour now, of course, here in washington. the president still going strong and some inflammatory and provocative statements as well as many of the statements that he's often made that have dubious veracity, let's put it this way. you heard his reference there to

i was on my way to give a talk about andrew jackson and a woman ran up to me, which does not happen enough. or ever. and she said oh my god, it's you. and i said well, yes. existentially speaking that's hard to argue with. she said i love your books, they mean so much to me. will you wait here and sign your latest one? and i said this is exactly the way the world is supposed to be, women are supposed to purchase your book and run up to you. she brought back john grisham's latest novel. [applause] so whenever i think i have the world where i want to, somewhere in america, there is a woman with a copy of the runaway jury and you have to sign it. the story goes on, tragically. at that point i was writing a book about president bush and i went on my way to maine that day. the next day at lunch, in a transparent attempt to get a compliment, i told this story to president and missus bush. missus bush looks across the how do you think poor john grisham would feel, he is a very handsome man. [laughter] i am hoping this weekend goes better. here to talk about history, in virginia it's like talking

the national book festival, and i was on my way at that point to give my point my talk about andrew jackson, and a woman ran up to me, which does not happen enough. or ever, actually. and, she said oh my god, it is you, and i said, well yes, existentially speaking, that is hard to argue with. and, she said, i just, i love your books, they mean so much to me, will you rate weight right here, i want you to sign this, and i stood there thinking, this is exactly the way the world is supposed to be, women are supposed to run up to, this was to buy your book it was perfect. swear to god, she brought back john grisham's latest novel. so, whenever i think i have the world right where i wanted, i remind myself, that somewhere in america, there is a woman with a forged copy of the runaway jury, right, because you have to sign it. the story goes on, tragically, i was at that point, writing the book about president bush, and went up, was on my way up to maine that day, and so, the next day at lunch, in an absolutely transparent attempt, to get a complement, i told the story to the president, and mrs. b

the election of andrew jackson.st of all time. now we have people that lost and, unfortunately, you put the wrong people in a couple of positions. and they leave people for a long time that shouldn't be there. and all of a sudden they are trying to take you out with [bleep] okay. with [bleep] >> so much to talk about there. first of all, those people that were quote trying to take him out are people that he appointed or people that his appointments appointed, whether you're talking about, as he said jeff sessions, a republican, christopher wray a republican. you can go down the long list of people. i mean they are republicans. rod rosenstein, a republican. bob mueller a life long republican. you just go down the list. of course, that's nonsense. also he accuses the media for being sick. for something that the media didn't do, that we didn't talk about jokes that he told in front of crowds of 25,000. we all have talked about a press conference he had where he looked into the camera without a smile on his face and wit

develop and remind people to a certain degree of the characteristics of old hickory, that is andrew jackson. villard explained why he and become so much more like jackson in december and he had seemed to be in november. determinede infatuation and a stubborn deafness to all moderate counsel with which the secession is being approached by the seceding states gradually produced less kind and conciliatory sentiments in lincoln. purpose ofabout southern leaders to try their experiment at all hazards and they heed this endorsement of their seditious plants by the population of the gulf states. that is the lower south. loosened sympathetic ties. he lost sympathy for them. with whichng tone impossible concessions were demanded resulted in wounded pride and a spirit of hostility. the cruel prescriptions and persecutions of all northern men without regard to political convictions throughout the cotton and southern states called forth in lincoln feelings of deep indignation and desires of retaliation. sum, as a movement grows in extent and violence, the firmness of the powers to be increases correspo

there is an interesting story in salt lake city, my home, where they changed the name of the andrew jackson elementary school to the mary jackson elementary school and mary jackson was a nasa engineer. the school board said she had her college degree and andrew jackson did not and we want to point our students toward college. that is a possible solution. if the last name is lee, find a different name that represents what you want for your students. i just wanted to share that comment. >> okay. first i had the wonderful opportunity -- hello. the camera is in the way. some of cynthia's book. it is really really good. everyone buy a copy. get the book out, come on. it is really good. really interesting. bait -- patty, i hate to stomp on your western triumphant is him, but there are remarkable memorials throughout the south. well-organized african-american tourism for the south. many of you may be aware after the great migration north, many families now come back to family reunions, school reunions. this is black tourism. the little rock nine have an installation on the capitol grounds. little

partisan newspapers touted james madison and andrew jackson margo how does the volume and valar city of today's media imperil news consumers ability to separate the news from the noise well i think it's. really difficult for news consumers today to to do exactly that which is to separate what's news and what is just information or entertainment and let's remember news organizations are guilty of giving out a lot of click bait in order to generate revenue in order to get clicks and to get eyeballs on videos and online stories and still attract revenue from advertising so i think it's a tough time to be a news consumer especially when you have this constant bombardment from social media the twitter feed which updates literally every millisecond and then on your facebook feed what's real what's news what's a legitimate source what's a bot now we have to be concerned with so i think it's tough to be a news consumer but i still think that there are traditional outlets out there even are online only publications which news consumers can turn to to ensure they're getting objective independe

they have the occasional loopholes such as the new orleans under andrew jackson of the work week and2. black men had been allowed access under quota restrictions to the navy throughout the and period.p -- antebellum this offered more than just a job by many recently enslaved men who urgently needed food, pay and board. and it offered access to education. as recent studies have shown, black soldiers talking to other literacy, waiting to better jobs, less poverty, and longer life spans after the war. importantly, black men understood, as did most 19th-century americans that military service traditionally paved the way for citizenship. to which event an eye for african by the 1857 dred scott supreme court ruling. thek men acknowledged potential military service allowed for eroding white supremacy and racism, and encouraging access to new social rights such as jerry participated -- jury participation. sacrificing life and limb for one's country would make it difficult for republicans such as abraham lincoln to continue to allow their fears of biracial society to feel their enthusiasm for

they found the occasional loophole such as new orleans under andrew jackson in 1812. luckman had been allowed access under porter restrictions to the u.s. navy throughout the antebellum period. with renewed service, it was more than a job. that was certainly welcomed by many recently enslaved men who made up the majority of the ranks and urgently needed food, hay, and work. it also offered access to education. black soldiers taught each other literacy leading to better jobs, less poverty, and longer lifespans. black men understood as did most 19th century americans that military service pave the way to citizenship. access to which it had been explicitly denied. in addition, black men the dollars the potential military service allowed for eroding white supremacy and encouraging access to new social rights like jury participation and inclusion of public squares. moreover, sacrificing life and limb for one's country would make it difficult for republicans such as abraham lincoln to continue to allow their fears of biracial society to fuel there in there as he has them fo

wilson called for the impeachment of president andrew jackson and told his fellow delegates that if they did not support a platform of human rights end quote that they were no better than rebels. after the white conservative party largely conservative party seized in 1869, as inspector of customs in the port he joined with prominent white republicans in supporting u.s. grants elections and then rutherford hayes. conservatives imposed a vote tax to disenfranchise black voters. but that was in vain. the voters would decline precipitously. everyone as he advocated for blacks in virginia. he wrote articles for washington newspaper, other national newspapers. he founded three newspapers of his own. he published books too such as an ambitious history of immancipation. but the history of african- american union soldiers. the book was sold on subscription by his publisher. also published the books of mark twain. editor urban garland wrote in 1851 that sales of wilson's books surpassed that of any other works written by an african-american. hugely popular book. offered up a panorama of black men

we have the greatest election, in all fairness, i used to hear andrew jackson.s now greater than the election of andrew jackson. people say that. i am not saying it. this was the equivalent or greater. they used to go to ronald reagan. when i started, this is ronald reagan. then we started doing really well. they were coming from everywhere. white ones.ts, and the key is not the color. the key is what it says, make america great again. [cheers] pres. trump: we had the greatest of all time. now we had people that lost, and unfortunately you put the wrong people in a couple of positions, and they leave people for a long time that should not be there. all of a sudden, they are trying to take you out with bullshit. [cheers] pres. trump: now, robert mueller never received a vote, and neither did the person that appointed him. as you know, the attorney general says i am going to recus e myself. i said, why the hell did he not tell me that before i put him in? how do you accuse yourself? the person who appointed robert mueller never received a vote. robert mueller put

pursuit of happiness and twitter, i don't think that -- >> there has been bias in media since andrew jackson challenged a guy to a duel at one time because of what he said about his wife in media, it should not be regulated. >> at all? >> no. >> i agree as it relates you know being a crybaby about twitter, people say mean stuff all of the time to me. but, you don't see any responsibility? media companies fox has to be regulated why not twitter? >> i think they should be as far as hate speech, but where is that slippery slope, i think if there is hate speech, if bigotry, there is a problem, where does hate speech stop, when you have humans that do it they -- their bias has to fact oar into subjective view, of is it hate speech or political partnership. >> if you have a liberal bias in media company you will have liberal subjective whether you want it or not. david: to roberts point, we have figures we could put up for all of the complaining that the president does about facebook. look at how much money he is already spent, this is in past three or four months, more than all democratic opponen

andrew jackson, the president himself and of course himself a slave holder, he urged kong resident to ban anti-slavery literature from the mail altogether. now there was some irony in all of this. the severity of the reaction against abolitionism, it does sort of backfire. because i'm only made the movement stronger. there were a lot of white northerners who were not particularly sympathetic to enslaved people or sthiteck to the cause of ending slavery but they were appalled at the kind of mob violence that anylistis encountered. things like the gag rule, the lovejoy, the h burning of abolitionist literature. all those suggested that when it came to anti-slavery, freedom of speech apparently did not mean anything and this was a standard critique that abolitionists offered of slave holders. they said you watch. you come after these people, you criticize them, you try to take out their power, they will be ruthless. they will take you down with whatever means they need to. to they'll do anything to keep slavery in place, and as time went on more and more white northerners start looking a

it's "b," andrew jackson.ary 1835, a mentally deranged painter named richard lawrence tried to shoot jackson at close range. old hickory responded by beating the would-be assassin with his cane. >> it's 2008 in dallas/fort worth, and, oddly enough, dave card and his siblings have never actually taken possession of the strange object they inherited seven years before -- lee harvey oswald's tombstone. cleo's cousin, johnny ragan, and his wife, holly, are supposedly hiding it for the heirs. then... >> unfortunately, johnny passes away in some form of an industrial accident, which involved a camper extension. >> somehow or another, he got caught between the wall in his shop and the expansion that goes out from an rv. >> when they found his body, he was lying there crushed between the camper extension and the wall. >> oh, my gosh. >> now, how that happened is a mystery. >> despite the odd circumstances, the police call johnny's death accidental. we requested an interview with holly, but through her attorney, she de

i went to andrew jackson elementary school. i went to cabrillo elementary school. and you wonder why so many elementary schools. we had a retrofit for earthquakes. i graduated from washington high school in the late 80's. i went to roosevelt elementary school, and i'm very thankful i had the opportunity at roosevelt to be in band. it didn't allow me to take the visual arts because that was my elective, but that stayed with me until now. i'm a musician now, but i'm a visual artist because i worked very hard after barely graduating from washington high school, okay? i'm telling you that i know it from the inside out. i worked hard at city college, 13th grade, to get myself into a four-year college, and that's where i realized no, you're an artist, and i graduated from the studio art department, came back, and was given the opportunity by my mean of students. so it takes advocates for the students. that's what i'm being right now. so i want you guys to reconsider this because i'm doing the good work, and i lived it -- [inaudible] >> here we go. thank you. my name is a

the rules were known for two centuries that delivered the white house to every democrat since andrew jacksonassing governing policies to win. ford, democrats claim to be about protecting the minority when abolishing this would up end with the founding fathers wanted. >> what elizabeth warren is pushing is an emotional ruse. she wants to change the rules because thee wants to make it easier for the democrats to win the presidency. the electoral college was set up to protect the smaller states from the tyranny of the majority and to promote a. the electoral college is working exactly the way the founder intended it. liz: if you get rid of california, donald trump would have won the popular vote by 1.4 million votes. i seem to remember that democrats warned that if donald trump lost he would wants to abolish the electoral college. >> they said that's what trump would do and now they are doing what they accused him of doing which he never in fact did. to change the electoral college you need a constitutional amendment. you need to override the 12th amendment. you would need 2/3 of both houses of

in all fairness, i used to hear andrew jackson.his is greater than the election of andrew jackson. people say that, i am not saying that. this is the equivalent of reagan. they used to go to ronald reagan, dummy started really doing well and there were coming from everywhere to vote. those red pats, and white ones -- hats, and white ones. the key is in what it says. make america great again. [cheers and applause] we had the: but, greatest of all time. now we have people that lost. unfortunately, you put the wrong people in a couple of positions, and they leave people for a long time that should not be there, and all of a sudden they are trying to take you out with bullshit. [loud cheers] [chanting] pres. trump: robert mueller never received a vote, and neither did the person that appointed him. as you know, the attorney general says, i am going to recuse myself. [laughter] pres. trump: i said, why the hell didn't he tell me that before i put him in. and he recused himself. the poison -- the person that appointed robert mueller neve

this was now greater than the election of andrew jackson. no, people say that. i'm not saying it.a sudden they're trying to take you out with bullshit, okay? >> there you have it. the speech was also loaded with false claims and outright lies. "the washington post" reports today and we quote, trump's performance at cpac is emblematic of his version of the truth dure his presidency. unwarranted boasting outright falsehoods. his speech helped push march 3rd to his fourth biggest day for false or misleading claims totaling 104. with us tonight to talk all about it phil rucker, white house chief for "the washington post." and laura lopez, national political report for politico. to our guests, welcome to you both. other than the fact that the president has no white hair, phil, did any one thing there stand out to you? >> well, brian, i think it's the totality of that speech, the two plus hours. it was a tour de force. you know, what some people saw as crazy and unhinged and perhaps a reason to invoke the 25th amendment some of his supporters saw as authentic and raw. and, you know, the

it was done by clark mills, who did the sort of clumsy statue of andrew jackson that still stands ineft it parked in washington. mills had also done a life mask of lincoln right before his death, but he did not imagine a simple tribute. there were 36 other figures here. generals, political figures, a match and figures, and at the very top, abraham lincoln signing the emancipation proclamation. needless to say, the plan did not go very far in washington. 1876, there was a successful attempt to build a monument to lincoln in washington. it is now considered totally politically incorrect and it is one of those statues that is disputed in the new public debate over public memorials. ulysses s grant unveiled it. frederick douglas gave the dedicatory address in 1876. it is by thomas ball. interestingly, it was funded exclusively by african-americans. sits ine it still southeast washington. in 1887, another great achievement that is still considered a great work of art, also known asan," standing lincoln in chicago. a hard act to follow. it was unveiled by abraham lincoln's grandson, how mu

this was now greater than the election of andrew jackson. people say that. [applause] i am not saying it. this is equivalent or greater. they used to go to ronald reagan. this is ronald reagan. then we started really doing well and they were coming from everywhere to vote. those red hats. and white ones! the key is in the color.make america great again. right? [applause] but, we had the greatest of all time. now we have people that lost. and unfortunately, he put the wrong people in a couple of positions. and they leave people for a long time that should not be there. and all of the sudden, they're trying to take you out with bull shit, okay? [applause] now, robert mueller, never received a vote. and neither did the person that appointed him. and as you know, the attorney general says, i'm going to recuse myself. and i said, why the hell didn't he tell me that before i put him in? how do you recuse yourself? but the person that appointed robert mueller never seemed vote. robert mueller put there to the angriest democrats in the history of our country on the

their parties support for manufacturing, the circular included quotes by thomas jefferson and andrew jackson. strongly advocating the development of american manufacturing to keep the country independent and not relying on products from foreign country -- foreign countries. in 1858 he delivered lectures on illinois of discovery and invention, man is not the only animal whose labor -- who labors but he is the only one who improves his workmanship, this improvement he affects by discoveries and inventions, lincoln asserted in his first lecture which detailed inventions from the angel world such as clothing, the wheel, and carts, and plows. the second lecture x told the steeple and director -- and the spoke at thelater wisconsin state agricultural society in milwaukee and asserted the need to bring new machine technology into agriculture, a steam plow, for example. during his early political career, neither lincoln nor his political allies considered how this new industrial and technological order may affect the american natural landscape. by the 1830's, some of the critics of industrialization

i mean, i guess they say andrew jackson was this way. i don't know that i believe that.k, some people, don, wanted to just throw everything off the table. throw all the chess pieces off the chessboard. let's just do something completely out there, and anytime it goes against the establishment i'm for it. now, right now we're seeing a good economy. i hope it continues for a long time. but if you look at the projections, the rising debt levels, we begin to see slower economic predictions. now, here's the question. what would it be like today if the president had a lower economic situation? what would people be saying? because what you don't want people to do is to say money buys my love. to me it's not good enough, don. this is about the way we expect our leaders to act and to be able to lead us. and i'm very disappointed in this. i mean, that's an understatement. i didn't go to the convention, i didn't endorse the guy. i've been outspoken now for two years, and it doesn't make me happy. i don't like to have to do this stuff. but you know what, sometimes you have to say wh

an alleged drifter sets the oval office near a statue of andrew jackson and the nuclear codes. what you think about that? >> someone needs to tell whoever wrote that article that he voices his hearing and his head aren't real. that is to try to turn this into donald trump's fault is to say it is a bridge too far, that is a gross understatement. that is absurd. can i say this, let me tell you. this is a culture of entitlement on steroids. i don't care how many movies you have made and i don't care how much money you have made. right is still and wrong is still wrong. i want to thank the fbi and want to thank you justice department for prosecuting. i hope they go medieval on these people. >> ed: president trumps a candidate ran against elitists and the idea that some parts of the system were rigged. one of your other colleagues, on the democratic side running for president of elizabeth warren. here's what she said. >> how much sympathy would you have for these parents were embroiled in this scandal? >> zero. >> ed: i thought your colleague had some trouble filling out forms herse

greenberg: that was the democratic elite, the democratic party grew to power because andrew jackson cameoffice and said, look, all white men should be equal. we are all equals here. no more hierarchy based on money or rank. we are doing away with rank. so, white men are all equal. the way he interpreted that was no group should have any special opportunities that poor white men did not have. it was nothing everybody needs to have the same amount of money, but everybody has the right to become as rich as they could and nothing should stand in your way. if you are in an educated -- if you were an uneducated farmer, nothing should stop you from getting opportunities. they believed it. blacksno coincidence could not vote. if all white men are equal, no one else is equal. brian: going back to the speech to another paragraph. it is a source of deep regret that in some sections in our country, misguided persons indulged in schemes and agitations, which the object is destruction of domestic institutions existing in other sections, institutions which existed at the adoption of the .onstitution pr