andrew johnson paid a high price for that statement. his family was driven into exile in tennessee and his property conit is kated and johnson hung in effigy and roundly cursed in his home state. johnson's unidownism was rooted johnson's unionism was rooted in the class resentments of non-slaveholding yeoman farmers against elite planters. he believed wealthy planters looked down on men like him. it was rooted in the differences between the mountainous upcountry regions of the south and the low country plantation districts. finally, it was rooted in a constitutional argument, the argument the founders intended the union to be perpetual. secession was synonymous with lawlessness. a government without the power to enforce its laws, he declared in 1861, is no government at all. johnson put this principle into action as military governor of tennessee. lincoln put him in charge there in 1862, after battlefield victories had secured union control over the western and middle sections of the state. johnson as wartime governor of union-occupied t

in tennessee, mcclellan democrats protested andrew johnson's requirement that all voters take a test oath in which they reject an armistice with the confederacy. such an oath, the democrats complained, effectively required that voters repudiate the democratic platform and thus rigged the election in lincoln's favor. in the end, tennessee's votes did not count or matter in lincoln's victory, but this issue of fraud had potent symbolic value as a campaign tool. in kentucky, for example, the governor, again pro-mcclellan with be accused federal authorities of using violence and intimidation to suppress the mcclellan vote, but he overlooked countervailing evidence that lincoln supporters in the state had come under similar threats from democrats. meanwhile, from the left end of the political spectrum came an altogether different sort of critique. in union occupied new orleans, african-american leaders such as john baptiste and others through the newspaper "the new orleans tribune" accused lincoln of not being radical enough. they condemned his reconstruction plan as too lenient. they pus

and andrew johnson vetoed the civil rights act of 1866 because he said it would give quote discriminating texture and textured african-americans. he thought he was giving an illicit, i'm just helping hand to african-americans because it allowed african-americans to be citizens of the united states immediately. he thought that was a sort of illicit reverse discrimination. he thought it was reverse discrimination for federal law to say that african-americans in fact all people, had to have the same rights to enter into contracts and own property on the same basis as white people. he viewed that as a type of quote of affirmative action. people nowadays don't view that as affirmative action. they view that as anti-discrimination law. the affirmative action we're used to, the affirmative action i mainly talk about in my book mainly came about in the late 1960s and early 1970s. the reason why it came about is because of a widespread feeling that anti-discrimination laws alone would not be enough to quickly desegregate american life. >> host: what about court cases? >> guest: there have been man

there's a pretty good chance andrew johnson was there. she pleads her case to the president. when is the war going to end? my husband can't get a break. he has been arrested despite the fact that he has parole. johnson says if it wasn't to me your husband would be stretching hemp, get out of my office. she leaves the president's office and goes out side. she burst into tears. a federal officer comes up and says what i do to help you. she tells her story. he says come with me. they walked down the street to general of the army grant's office. it is grant who welcomes her into his office. madam, have a seat. sonny, can we get you some water? how can i help you? she tells him the same story. when is this war going to end? my husband has been arrested. it is granted takes a piece of paper, his own letterhead from his desk and writes mosby's parole. it is pauline who gets the parole, not john. she is quite a woman. so now she has john's parole. mosby is a free man. it says that only the president and grant can undo that parole. he can go anywhere he wants to practice law, without

the only other time this happened was in the 1860s when andrew johnson was impeached but he was abraham lincoln's vice president. looking back it's hard to think that this is the outcome of the scandal. they were accused of obstruction of justice, lying under oath commit perjury, and those charges were pretty severe and the way the case was presented to congress and then tried in the senate separated republicans and democrats. they voted for impeaching the president in almost all democrats voted against it and that kind of disparity showed up again in the senate to convict clinton and both of those on the obstruction of justice charge and perjury charge me there of the majority is was like 50 35 45. those partisan divisions if you will continue to american life and have continued to be pronounced and continued to define the political landscape. it would be a mistake to say that it was because of the scandal and the impeachment but the political landscape in the country is what it is today that but it was certainly a contributing factor but it continues to be a contributing factor. and m

the only other time this happened was in the 1860s when andrew johnson was impeached and tried but he was not elected president. he was abraham lincoln's vice president. clinton was elected twice, but he -- looking back, looking back 15 years or so it's hard to believe that this is the outcome of the scandal? clinton was accused of obstruction of justice, lying under oath perjury and those charges were pretty severe. and the way the case was presented to congress and then tried in the senate really separated in a very clear way republicans and democrats. almost all republicans in congress in the house of representatives voted for impeaching the president and almost all democrats voted against it. that disparity, that cleavage showed up again in the senate vote to convict or acquit clinton and both votes on obstruction ofity charge and on the perjury charge neither of those won a majority. it was like 55-45 those partisan divisions or -- have continued to be pronounced and have continued to define the american political landscape. it would be a mistake to say it was because of the clin

friend and agent over 20 years this is our tenth book together restarted with washington and andrew johnson next. we will try to do better than that. abraham lincoln was preoccupied with the founding fathers. 1854 when the missouri compromise was repealed and he was roused is he had never been before the end of the civil war. his most famous expression and devotion to the founders was the "gettysburg address" which he began with fourscore and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation conceived in liberty but three years before that in another great speech here in new york at cooper union, he kicked off a presidential campaign and referred to the founders again as our fathers marked slavery led it so it can be marked as an evil not to be extended but speak as though they act upon it and six years before that with this speech that kicked off his political career in peoria. and again references the founding fathers. trailing in the dust to spirit the revolution led this return slavery to the position of our fathers gave us. and these examples could be multiplied

civil rights statute civil rights act of 1866 was vetoed by the president of the united states, andrew johnson the successor to lincoln lip, -- abraham lincoln, he said it would give, quote, discriminating protection to african-americans. he thought it was giving an illicit, up, -- unjust helping hand to african-americans because it allowed them to become citizens immediately. he thought was was a sort of illicit reverse discrimination, several laws said that all people had to have the same rights to enter into contracts and own property on the same basis as white people. he viewed that as a type of, quote, affirmative action. now, people nowdays don't view that as affirm tv action. they view that as just antidiscrimination law. the affirmative action we're used to, that it talk about in my book, mainly came about in the late 1960s and the early 1970s, and the reason it came about is because of a widespread feeling that antidiscrimination laws alone would not be enough to quickly desegregate american life. >> host: what about court cases? >> guest: there have been many court cases and there wi

so what happens is that this really leads into american society with our friend and buddy andrew johnson who we talked about this morning who very deliberate retakes this argument nationally. he says, you know what? the real problem in america right now is not the white southerners, it is the northern republicans, because the republicans have created an empire and they call it an empire, they call it an oligarchy, we call it -- they call it, i can't think of the word, but the idea that they are creating an empire, the republicans are creating an empire that is destroying individualism in american society, individual is -- individuals no longer have a shot. now keep in mind that taxes are extraordinarily low, and the government does very little, that he creates this image that the real problem is that republicans have a stranglehold on power they are increasing the size of the government, they are keeping the republicans in government, democrats will never get a shot, basically if you are a white democrat you are out of luck, you're not going to have a say in the society again. this happe

there is anecdotal evidence that president andrew johnson, then a senator from tennessee, attended their wedding. pauline was the daughter of a kentucky congressman. john and colleen were married in nashville, tennessee. protocol that tell you if your daughter is being married in another state or district, you would want to invite that person to come to your daughter's wedding. there was a good chance he was there. she pleads her case to the president. when is the war going to end? my husband can't get a break. he has been arrested despite the fact that he has parole. johnson says if it wasn't to me your husband would be stretching hemp, get out of my office. she burst into tears. a federal officer comes up and says what i do to help you. she tells of her story. he says come with me. they walked down the street to general of the army grants office. it is grant who welcomes her into his office. have a seat. committee some water? how can i help you? she tells him the same story. one is the war going to in. my husband has been arrested. it is granted takes a piece of paper, his own letterhe

didn't have when he supported the civil rights act of 1957 and he deserves a lot of credit johnson, for selma. and andrew young has said exactly what i'm saying. >> gill robertson, douglas brinkley, thank you both. wolf blitzer is here with a preview of "the situation room." today you're examining north korea's military threats and you have the state department's spokeswoman there.

thinking to myself -- you know, i taught history for years, and we went through the impeachment of andrew johnson, and it changed presidential history for years. and i`m thinking, what`s going to happen after we get done with this vote today? how`s history going to change? little did i know that -- what would happen... c-span: so when bob livingston began to talk, you did not know what was going to happen? >> guest: well, we knew that bob had some problems, but we didn`t know what was going to happen. c-span: let`s watch the tape and then we`ll ask you about it. [video clip - december 19, 1998] rep. bob livingston, house speaker nominee: to the president, i would say, sir, you have done great damage to this nation over this past year. and while your defenders are contending that further impeachment proceedings would only protract and exacerbate the damage to this country, i say that you have the power to terminate that damage and heal the wounds that you have created. you, sir, may resign your post. [boos] unidentified male: the house will be in order. livingston: and -- and... [boos] unidentifie

in president johnson's case, he chose george washington, andrew jackson, and his hero, franklin roosevelt. he was very much a product of the new zealand was a protege of franklin roosevelt saw the great potential in young lyndon johnson. when johnson became president, it was his hope he would finish the new deal and finish with his great society what president roosevelt started with the new deal. one of the things fdr left unaddressed was civil rights. ultimately president johnson will be remembered as the civil rights president for having signed into law the civil rights act of 1964 which broke the back of jim crow and separate but equal laws. voting rights act of 1965 which gave all americans unimpeded access to the ballot box and the fair housing act of 1968 which allowed for fair housing for all americans. that is a triumvirate of civil rights legislation and the legacy of lyndon johnson. >> all weekend, american history tv is featuring austin texas the lone star state's n fourth largest city. posted by our time you cable partners, the c-span city tour staff recently visited sites sho

andrew johnson 112. polk, 91. jackson, 96. why the constitution was so important, starting in the 18 20s and going to the 1860s is because of what happened with the civil war. but you still have to wonder why barak obama doesn't refer to the constitution when there have been so many constitutional issues during his presidency. republicans seem to focus on constitutional values. democrats don't. >> this white house has leaked like crazy. we know exactly what's going to be in. some of his soak the rich thing. but his message resonates with the middle class because over the six years they haven't made headway. >> yet the american people are far more interested in defending hard working taxpayers than they are the middle class. the gap is about 20%. we may argue what the definition of middle class is, but everyone in this studio right now defines themselves as a hard work taxpayer and barak obama is talking about tax increases on hard working taxpayers. bad message. bad time. bad politics. >> all right. good analysis. >> thank you

andrew johnson was the first to run as a -- there was a hope that -- that is why we have the history.ost: this is kevin in tennessee. good morning. caller: good morning. i hope everyone has a good day. i have been independent for years. i have been on both parties and suede back and forth -- swayed back and forth. they really do not have a choice in the primaries. we have to be in this or that party and then they label us as a third. all i wanted was the ability to vote no. i hope everybody is listening. the true freedom is when they go into the election that we can say no, we do not want this person to represent us. we have always had to choose the tune what they used to -- why can we not say no? that would give us the power to put pressure on the political system to say no, enough is enough. host: what is an issue important to you? caller: freedom. host: what do you mean? caller: for us to the free to choose. that's what this show is about, right? host: choose what? caller: what we want. host: that was kevin in tennessee. this is don from quantico maryland -- dawn from quantico, mar

in president johnson's case, he chose george washington, andrew jackson, and his hero, franklin roosevelt. he was very much a product of the new deal and was a protege in many respects a friend than roosevelt, who saw the great potential in great -- young lyndon johnson. when johnson became president, it was his hope you would finish the new deal -- he would finish the new deal would finish with his great society what roosevelt started with the new deal. one thing f.d.r. left unaddressed in his presidency was civil rights. i think ultimately president johnson will be remembered as the civil rights president for having signed into law the civil rights act of 1954 which broke the back of jim crow and our separate but equal laws throughout the south. the voting rights act of 1965 gave all americans unimpeded access to the ballot box and the fair housing act of for all americans. that is a triumvirate of civil rights legislation and is a legacy of lyndon johnson. >> find out where our local content vehicles are going next online at c-span.org/l ocalcontent. you are watching american history t

johnson. judge andrew napolitano, fox news senior judicial loits and here to break this down.don't know about this. >> right. >> everybody knows what about what the nsa did and a lot of people were outranled, and some people didn't give whatever. what's the fbi doing? >> the fbi did a super three thing to members of congress. several of whom died decided to leak it, to reskreel it to the press, and in that brieflying the fbi revealed that it has established cell phone towers so that when you have your cell phone in your pocket or your purse or on the front seat of your car and you're driving by the towers lure the signal into government computers and that enables the government to capture any conversation you have on the cell phone or any technicals or emails that you use on the cell phone as you're driving by. >> you don't know about it. is it legal? >> no, it's absolutely not legal, but the fbi -- listen to this one. the fbi has written rules for itself. listening to the contents of a phone call during search and seizure requires a search warrant issued by the judge. not one

didn't have when he supported the civil rights act of 1957 and he deserves a lot of credit johnson, for selma. and andrewng has said exactly what i'm saying. >> gill robertson, douglas brinkley, thank you both. wolf blitzer is here with a preview of "the situation room." today you're examining north korea's military threats and you have the state department's spokeswoman there. >> marie harf is joining us. a lot going on involving the aftermath of the sony pictures hacking. the u.s. responding sanctions, other steps as well. this is a very, very tense korean peninsula. 30,000 american troops right along the dmz. we're watching it closely. and we'll talk about what's going on in iraq. u.s. troops not combat troops, but there are u.s. troops. they could potentially be in combat given what isis is up to. we'll get into that with her as well. i saw "selma," i thought it was a powerful compelling film. >> have you ever been to the dmz? >> yes. >> it's terrifying. >> i've been to pyongyang, too. i was in north korea four years ago. >> thank you so much. >>> when we come back the new must-have gadget you haven'

johnson had to wear during all those years. i think he admired king. i think they were both quite good at politics. i mean, you said i wanted to mention selma and andrew did. january of '65 -- '64 rather, in a phone conversation one of these wonderful taped phone conversations between king and the president johnson johnson starts talking about -- '65, i'm sorry about the voting rights act. and king reminds him that the five southern states he didn't carry had the lowest voting record. and then johnson says to king now this -- if you can find the worst condition -- this is january 15th 1965. the worst condition run into in alabama mississippi, louisiana, south carolina, where people were denied the right to vote to cast a vote if you just take that one illustration get it on the radio get it on television get it in the pulpits, get it in the meetings, every place you can, then pretty soon the fellow who didn't do anything but drive a tractor would say well that's not right. that's not fair. that will help us for what we're going to shove through in the end. [laughter]. and king says that's right. and if we do that, johnson said, we'll break through. it

andrew jackson's vice president. these are different times than when lyndon johnson was majority leader in the 1950's and could wield his power to enforce party discipline with cash and committee assignments, as well as the famous "johnson treatment." today, every senator is an independent contractor, beholden to no one for fundraising, for media coverage, for policy analysis, for political standing, or anything else. i herded cats. trent lott and tom daschle have to tame tigers. and the wonder is not that the senate, so configured, does so little, but that it accomplishes so much. that it does is a tribute to their talented leadership. they can herd cats. they can tame tigers. they can demonstrate the patience of job, wisdom of solomon, the poise of cary grant, and the sincerity of jimmy stewart -- all of which are essential to success in the difficult roles they play. but for whatever help it may be to these and future leaders, let me now offer a few rules for senate leadership. as it happens, they are an even baker's dozen. 1. understand its limits. the leader of the senate relies on two prerogatives, neither of

andrew young has talked about that meeting. he was there, i wasn't, in which he said they were partners. these two men, lyndon johnson martin luther king were partners. they worked closely together. dr. king, lyndon johnson in january of 1965, calls dr. king. they talked on the phone about a lot of things, and lbj said nothing will be more important than giving them the vote, giving blacks the vote. and doctor, which he called dr. king, i want you, you can contribute to this by you and your leaders finding the worst place in the south, get it on the radio, get it in television, get it in the pull pits so that a guy on a tractor in the midwest will say, that's not fair. that's not fair. you do that and i'll be able to shove this bill through up here in washington. >> the middle part of the country was very good on civil rights. civil rights leader andrew young was with dr. king in the white house that december of '64. he said the tension portrayed in the film didn't happen. let's watch him. >> president johnson did not say that it had to wait. he said that i have a great agenda and i can't just -- i just got through,

andrew, was sworn in for a second term. how will he be remembered? with us now is peter johnson, jr.ng to you. >> good morning. hi. you know, obviously it's a sad day for his family and friends. he'll be remembered as a fellow who electrified the democratic party, who stood in opposition to ronald reagan's statements about a shining city on a hill. he said it was a tale of two cities. it was that speech and another speech he captured the american imagination. as to what his accomplishments are as governor during three terms, that's up to even more debate. some say tax were raised, his only real accomplishment legislatively was building prisons. but personally for me, he allowed a 22-year-old young man to understand the power of government, the problems with government and the importance of public service for all americans. he gave me an opportunity that i would not have had. >> do you remember what was happening then? >> that was in the sheraton hotel. he and i would agree and sometimes disagree. he could lecture. he could be difficult. he could also be very friendly and affectionate

johnson. joe califano who served as domestic affairs adviser -- better known as domestic affairs czar from 1965 to 1969. ambassador andrew young, one of dr. kings very closest aides the first african-american united states congressman elected from the deep south since reconstruction. appointed by president carter as united states ambassador to the united nations. and, mayor of my city of atlanta from 1982 to 1990. taylor branch, pulitzer prize winning author best known for his writings on civil rights. his book, parting the waters won the pulitzer in 1989. our moderator is todd purdum contributing editor at vanity fair, senior editor at politico. he recently published a book, an idea whose time has come. ladies and gentlemen, please welcome todd purdum, doris kearns goodwin, andrew young joe califano and taylor branch. [applause] >> thank you very much, tom, mark and the entire staff. it is wonderful to be here. i want this to be a conversation. today i have only one exhortation -- no filibusters. [laughter] with that being said, i think it is fair to say that lyndon b. johnson and martin luther king were two of the most

andrew young talked about, he was a pastor to everyone around him. andy young says the one part of the film that he had never seen was king stand up to johnson face tohere is a scene where johnson and king stand face to face. symbolically. king is standing there looking right at his eyes. he said, king might have looked away or been a bit more giving to the president in that moment our goal was to symbolize the power of both sides coming together. i think the dignity he demanded of everyone around him for everyone around him is what he means to me. >> thank you. great to have you here. congratulations. >> thank you so much. >> thank you for joining us. see you next time. ♪ >> from pier three in san francisco welcome to "bloomberg west.” here is a check of top headlines. french police are surrounding -- three villages northeast of harris looking for the "charlie hebdo" suspects. here is former nsa director, general keith alexander. >> i think actions like this will become more frequent and law enforcement in the intelligence agencies are going to be expected to do more. they can't do it without tools. we have to come up with a reasonable way to do it

johnson, this is "bloomberg west." cke restaurants, you may know them from racy advertising were great burgers, they are teaming up with microsoft to let customers place their own orders. joining me, their ceo. andrewu for joining us. talk to us about this technology, and what it means for you guys. >> is windows 8.1 driving a dell touchscreen kiosk. you can go in and order, you can order yourself, select what you want, hold the pickles or add extra bacon, it's very easy to use. the microsoft technology has really enabled an incredible system for us. you can order it goes direct to the cook. you eliminate the middle man or woman who may not get your order right. how many times have you ordered a burger without tackles and got -- without pickles and gotten pickles? people use credit cards and debit cards, which tend to lead to higher tickets. they are also just enjoying playing with the technology, it comes addictive -- it becomes addictive. as you mentioned, we are the racy ads and the big, juicy, delicious burger brand. we have to keep up with millenial's, and they want the same kind of technology they have their lives and their work and personal lives. it has been a plus in the tests. >> i do wan

andrew young talks about he was a pastor to everyone around him. andy young says the one part of the film that he had never seen was king stand upup to johnson face to face. there is a scene where we have johnson and king standing face to face symbolically, standing over and giving him the johnson treatment and king is stand there looking in his eyes. he said king might have looked away or been a little bit more giving to the president in that moment, you know, our goal with it was to symbolize the power of both sides coming together in that moment. but, yes, i think the dignity that he demanded of everyone around him for everyone around him is what he means to me. rose: thank you. it's great to have you here congratulations. >> thank you so much. rose: thank you for joining us. see you next time. for more about this program and earlier episodes visit us online at pbs.org and charlierose.com. ♪ captioning sponsored by rose communications captioned by media access group at wgbh access.wgbh.org >> the following kqed production was produced in high definition. [ theme music plays ] >> yes, "check, please!" people! >> it's all about licking your plate.