annenberg media ♪ annenberg media ♪ in 1980, before the flap over new coke and old coke, major soft drinkers made a critical change in their beverages. why would they change a key ingredient in afollowing world war ii,cts? the studebaker corporation had its most prosperous years. why would this corporation become extinct within a decade? in the 1970s, a small new jersey newspaper, the asbury park press, exploded into the state's third-largest newspaper. how did the company make this phenomenal growth possible? no business can guarantee it will make a profit, but there are strategies that can increase chances for success. the firm: how can it keep costs down? with richard gill, we'll investigate that problem on this edition of economics usa. i'm david schoumacher. ♪ pepsi cola hits the spot ♪ 12 full ounces that's a lot... ♪ ♪ i'd like to buy the world a coke ♪ ♪ and keep it company ♪ that's the real thing... ♪ we made our choice ♪ make it a pepsi... soft drink companies spend millions advertising to make billions in sales. it's a $23 billion-a-year industry. with that many sales, every de

annenberg media ♪ annenberg media ♪ 1931. the great depression.ks were failing by the thousands. the federal reserve, created to prevent such a tragedy, only made things worse. what had gone wrong? 1951, during the korean conflict, president truman also faced another battle, between the federal reserve and the treasury, over financing the war. how would it be resolved? 1965, lyndon johnson's administration was spending on both a war and a great society without raising taxes. the fed was left to fight the resulting inflation alone. the nation's central bank, originally created to protect the banking system against panics, acquired more power to affect the economy than even it imagined at the outset. the federal reserve: does money matter? with the help of economic analyst richard gill, we'll explore that question on economics usa. i'm david schoumacher. coins, bills, checks-- our basic money supply. the amount of money and where it goes wiin the banking system has been the main concern of our nation's central bank. at the fed's headquarters here in

annenberg media ♪ annenberg media ♪ oh, we could even wreckore. we cothis country,more. we're not going to do it, senator. schoumacher: in 1975, fed chairman arthur burns refused to open the monetary floodgates to fight rising unemployment. why was he holding back? four years later, chairman paul volcker set the fed on a course that would lead to the worst recession since the great depression. what could have been worth such a terrible price? on october 20, 1987, the heartbeat of the financial world nearly fluttered out. what could new fed chairman alan greenspan do to revive the patient? during the 1970s and '80s, the federal reserve adopted long-term policies to halt inflation durinand ease unemployment. but what would the fed do in an economic emergency? monetary policy -- how well does it work? at's the queion economic analyst richard gill and i will investigate on this edition of "economics usa." i'm david schoumacher. on this edition the federal reserve board is responsible for deciding how much money the economy needs to grow. in the early 1970s, the fed held to a

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annenberg media ♪ annenberg media ♪ throughout most of this century, america enjoyed the highest rateproductivity growth in the industrial world. but by the late 1970s, something was drastically wrong. what was happening to american productivity? in 1978, the carter administration asked, can government encouragement of new technology solve the productivity dilemma? by 1981, the nation was ready to try a new approach. can less government lead to more productivity? productivity growth is a crucial but almost invisible element in our economic well-being, something we take for granted until it slows down. that happened in the 1970s. we had a blizzard of suggestions for dealing with productivity. how do we get more for less? with the help of analyst richard gill, we'll examine that question on economics usa. i'm david schoumacher. captioning made possible by the annenberg/cpb project economists see the world in terms of supply and demand. put simply, demand is the appetite to consume. supply is the ability to produce. productivity holds the supply side together. as long as productivity con

annenberg media ♪ annenberg media ♪ in 1981, the federal reserve set out to permanently quell inflationyear later, 12 million workers were unemployed. why was it hard to stop inflation? in 1985, industrial world leaders gathered in bonn to ask, "why was a growing international trade making it harder to solve domestic economic problems?" by 1985, the economy appeared to be slowing down, and economists were still asking what to do about the next recession. activist theories of fiscal and monetary policy have dominated economics since the depression. by the mid-1980s, we were doubting our ability to manage the economy. stabilization policy-- are we still in control? we'll investigate that with economic analyst richard gill's help on this edition of economics usa. i'm david schoumacher. for many years after the great depression, national economic policy's basic goal was minimizing unemployment. but the winter of 1982 saw 12 million unemployed. many complained they were victims of a needlessly cruel government policy. public enemy number one was inflation, and jobless workers were the war ca

annenberg media ♪ annenberg media ♪ will cost $56 billion.oumacher: 1945 -- by the war's end, the price tag will pass $200 billion. how will we pay for world war ii? 1960. as president eisenhower talks of paying off the national debt, the economy stumbles into a recession. how can a budget surplus hurt the economy? 1999. huge deficits turn to surplus. what would the government do with the money? almost every year the federal government spends more money than it takes in. year after year, the tide of red ink rolls on. "federal deficits: can we live with them?" we'll investigate that question with the help of economic analyst richard gill on this edition of "economics u$a." i'm david schoumacher. most of us have been taught that to spend more money than we earn is to court financial disaster, but the federal government seems to play by a different set of rules. almost every year the country runs a deficit. yet we're told that deficit is necessary, even beneficial. but deficits piled one on top of another create a growing national debt. and the

funding for this program is provided by annenberg media. narrator: agriculture provides us with the food we need to survive. to keep pace with an ever-growing population, scientists created new seed varieties that provided outstanding yields but also required increased inputs -- more fertilizer and more pesticides -- but at what cost to the environment? peter kenmore of the united nations food and agriculture organization has been working with farmers for 30 years to decrease the use of pesticides in rice production. dr. kenmore: we have been able basically to substitute brains for chemicals. and in that sense, the growth rate stays up but less chemicals are used. narrator: in the yaqui valley of mexico, researchers are finding that excess fertilizer runoff from wheat crops is affecting marine life in the gulf of california. so they are turning to technology to decrease fertilizer inputs without decreasing yields. dr. ortiz-monasterio: technology like this can result in a win-win situation, where the farmer benefits and at the same time the

funding for this program is provided by annenberg media.r: for thousands of years, our capacity to alter the environment has gradually increased. during the last century, we've reached the point where our actions affect the entire planet. demographer martha farnsworth riche examines population dynamics in communities all around the united states, a nation that has a disproportionately large impact on the ecosystem. dr. riche: population growth is heading towards some kind of stability as people replace themselves. but where it's located and how they consume -- that's the issue for sustainability. narrator: demographer deborah balk combines demographic and spacial data to examine how vulnerable populations in the coastal regions of developing nations will be affected by climate change. balk: prior work has predominantly looked at the causes of climate change. this study asks, what will some of the consequences of climate change be, and what will those consequences be for human population and for human settlements? narrator: predicting future

funding for this program is provided by annenberg media. narrator: 97% of the earth's water is contained in the eans. some forms of life flourish in this salty environment. but humans require an abundant supply of freshwater. less than 1% of all the earth's water is readily available for human consumption. in the semi-arid desert plains of the southwest united states, where rainfall averages just 2 1/2 centimeters per month, tom maddock studies this scarce resource. dr. maddock: the real problem that we have is that with increasing populations and shortages of water, we are becoming very vulnerable. in the southwest, there's a very unique vulnerability here, simply because where do we get the water if there is no water? narrator: across the country in northern florida, the quantity of water isn't an issue. rainfall averages an abundant 1 1/4 meters each year. wendy graham and her colleagues evaluate and model the impacts of industrial and agricultural land use threatening the world's largest collection of freshwater springs. dr. graham: rig

captions copyright 1989 educational broadcasting corporation annenberg media ♪ rn world is by movado,akers of the movado museum watch, the watch dial design in the permanent collections of museums throughout the world. additional funding for this program made possible by the financial support of... and the following individuals and foundations... and other annenberg media programs call 1-800-learner and visit us at www.learner.org.

captions copyright 1989 educational broadcasting corporation annenberg media ♪ ld is by movado, makersf the movado museum watch, the watch dial design in the permanent collections of museums throughout the world. additional funding for this program made possible by the financial support of... and the following individuals and foundations... and other annenberg media programs call 1-800-learner and visit us at www.learner.org. could you use ither, in a sentence, please?ipc." in the unlikely event that your brokerage firm goes out of business, sipc is there to protect you. "sipc." c-i-- [ buzzer ] i'm sorry, christopher, that is incorrect. lisa fannon. lisa, your word also is "sipc." may i have that in another sentence, please? sipc funds are available to satisfy brokerage customer claims up to a maximum of $500,000, including up to $100,000 for cash claims. sipc. s-i-p... k. [ buzzer ] don't know about sipc, the securities investor protection corporation? that's okay, we can spell it out for you. learn more at www.sipc.org.

for more information on the college telecourse, and other annenberg media programs call 1-800-learner.learner.org.

captions copyright 1989 edational broadcasting corporation annenberg media ♪ is by movado, makers ofhe movado museum watch, the watch dial design in the permanent collections of museums throughout the world. additialunding for this program made possible by the financial support of... and the following individuals and foundations... and other annenberg media programs call 1-800-learner and visit us at www.learner.org. (narrator) toward the end of the first millennium b.c., a complex society sprang to life in mesoamerica-- imaginative, literate, philosophically-inclined and sophisticated. this eveevol ctu c out of the primordial forest and sunk its roots into the soil. today, we know the region by its countries-- mexico, honduras, el salvador, belize, and guatemala.

for informatio annenberg media ♪ for information about this and other annenberg media programs call 100-learner and visit us at www.learner.org. you'd think it would be easy to tell which kids had trouble with their eyesight. here, kitty, kitty! but that's not always the case. even though one in four children may have a vision problem, eye doctors tell us the symptoms aren't always so obvious. [ thud ] for clues on how to spot the real-life signs of childhood vision problems, visit checkyearly.com. a public service message from the vision council of america and reading is fundamental.

annenberg media ♪ annenberg media ♪ in 1974, california water was cheap.1977, the state was in the midst of a great drought. what would californians pay now for water? after the 1973 arab-israeli war, the middle-eastern oil spigot was shut off. what did america do to get domestic oil producers to fill the gap? during the designer jean craze, why would so many pay so much for so little? during the holiday season, shoppers descend on this store en masse, ready to buy if the price is fair. the producers of every item try to predict what the shoppers want and what they'll pay. supply and demand: what sets the price? economic analyst richard gill and i will examine that on this edition of economics usa. i'm david schoumacher. rarely have americans had to worry about water. they take it for granted because it's plentiful, available, and cheap. but for what water does, there is no substitute. what would it take to show how much water is really worth? 1975 marked the beginning of one of california's worst droughts. it's a semiarid state with a gigantic agricultura

perlmutter annenberg media ♪ for information about this and other annenberg media programs call 1-800earner and visit us at www.learner.org.

annenberg media ♪ annenberg media ♪ in the early 1970s, battles raged in the middle east. throughout the world, disastrous weather caused crop failures of immense proportions. why did these two events affect inflation and unemployment in the american economy? u.s. society was besieged by the twin assaults of inflation and unemployment in the 1970s. why couldn't the government achieve significant success against the ravages of stagflation? in the late 1990s, the economy was booming. unemployment was at a 30-year low, and inflation was also at a 30-year low. did that mean inflation was dead? during the 1970s, the american dream threatened to become the american nightmare. for the first time, we were faced with skyrocketing prices and exploding unemployment. stagflation -- why couldn't we beat it? with economic analyst richard gill, we'll explore that question on this edition of "economics usa." i'm david schoumacher. schoumacher: since the passage of the employment act in 1946, it has been accepted policy for the government to fight unemployment by stimulating total demand.

captions copyright 1991 alvin h.erutter annenberg media ♪ for information about this and other annenbergedia programs call 1-800-learner and visit at www.learner.org.

funding for this program is provided by annenberg media.7% of the earth's water is contained in the eans. some forms of life flourish in this salty environment. but humans require an abundant supply of freshwater. less than 1% of all the earth's water is readily available for human consumption. in the semi-arid desert plains of the southwest united states, where rainfall averages just 2 1/2 centimeters per month, tom maddock studies this scarce resource. dr. maddock: the real problem that we have is that with increasing populations

funding for this program is provided by annenberg media.iculture provides us with the food we need to survive. to keep pace with an ever-growing population, scientists created new seed varieties that provided outstanding yields but also required increased inputs -- more fertilizer and more pesticides -- but at what cost to the environment? peter kenmore of the united nations food and agriculture organization has been working with farmers for 30 years

. ♪ get up, get up, get up funding for this program is provided by annenberg media.or thousands of years, our capacity to alter the environment has gradually increased. during the last century, we've reached the point where our actions affect the entire planet.

annenberg media ♪ by: narrator: welcome to destinos: an introduction to spanish.ow, much of what you hear will be in conversational spanish. ¿hay algún mensaje para mí? no. hasta el momento, no, señorita. of course, you will not understand every word. relax and let the actions of the characters and your knowledge of the story guide your comprehension. perdone. creo que dejé mi cartera en el taxi. lo vio salir? lo siento, señorita. at other times, you'll heah

annenberg media ♪ gam made possible by the financial support of...nd the following individuals and foundations... corporate funding for art of the western world is by movado, makers of the movado museum watch, the watch dial design in the permanent collections of museums throughout the world. captioning made possible by the annenberg/cpb project lot 42. the claude monet nympheas of 1908. £3 million is bid for this lot. i have a bid of £3 million. 3,200,000. 3,500,000. 3,800,000. 4 million. at £4 million now. at £4 million. 4,200,000. 4,400,000. 4,500,000. 4,600,000. the paintings of this period are among the most familiar images in art. the greatness of the artists is a commonplace of western culture. it's yours. the greatness of the artists but the impressionists started out as radicals. when it was first exhibited, their art was rejected as disturbing, inept, incomprehensible, even immoral. why were people so hostile? what was the accepted art of the period? in mid 19th-century france, as so often in the story of the art of the west, art was a seri

annenberg media ♪ gam made possible by the financial support of...nd the following individuals and foundations... corporate funding for art of the western world is by movado, makers of the movado museum watch, the watch dial design in the permanent collections of museums throughout the world. captioning made possible by the annenberg/cpb project the pantheon-- the most complete monument from the days of ancient rome. the pantheon-- temple of the gods. in 1520, the artist raphael was buried here, the first man in modern times to choose the pantheon as his own memorial. when raphael died, he was only 37, at the height of his creativity and the peak of his fame. the story was told that the pope himself wept at the news of his sudden death. as final tribute, raphael's last great painting, the transfiguration, was placed at the head of his coffin. the biographer giorgio vasari wrote... "when this admirable artist died, "painting also died. "it is due to him "that the art's coloring and invention "have been brought to such perfection "that progress is almo

perlmutter annenberg media ♪ for informatio about is and otheneerg media programs call 100-learner andisiust www.learneorg.

annenberg media ♪ gam made possible by the financial support of...nd the following individuals and foundations... corporate funding for art of the western world is by movado, makers of the movado museum watch, the watch dial design in the permanent collections of museums throughout the world. captioning made possible by the annenberg/cpb project "at first, the doctors thought it was sciatica, "and then they admitted it was gangrene. "the old man suffered greatly those last days, "and then, on the 31st of august 1715, "the clergy gathered around him, "and they began, timidly, to chant the ave maria. "all through the night, they carried on chanting. "then, at 8:15 in the morning "in the royal bed in the great chamber "in the center of the palace, "louis xiv, the sun king, died, like every man." so wrote a contemporary diarist. it's often said that when louis died, an age died with him. the age of absolute monarchs, the age of which versailles is a symbol, was drawing to an end. things would never be the same. for louis, versailles was intended first to

for information about this and other annenberg media programs... funding for this program was provided by... at vacation retreats in ancient mexico, aztec kings bathe while their armies sack and burn a remote town. thousands of captives are marched to the capital where their hearts are offered to gods who sanctioned conquest. every city and town in the empire pays tribute in exact amount and kind as specified by the aztecs, or risks horrible consequences. in the forests and jungles of other realms, maya kings rule great cities with the force of their own personalities.

tÑÑogÑÑ annenberg media ♪ by: narrador: bienvenidos al episodio 46 de destinos: an introduction toste episodio, nuestra historia continúa. tenemos que tomar una decisión. ya hay una oferta para el apartamento. es que si queremos venderlo, habrá otras ofertas.

annenberg media ♪ tienes que ir directamente a ver a tu hermano cuando llegues a méxico. ¿cómo?. narrador: bienvenidos al episodio 51 de destinos: an introduction to spanish. en este episodio, raquel resume lo que les pasó a ella y a angela desde que se fueron de san juan. hombre: ies villa! ies villa! ies andrés villa y está bien! ( gritando ) iroberto! iroberto! iroberto! iroberto!

annenberg media ♪ and: with additional funding from these foundations d individuals: and by: and thel financial support of:

annenberg media ♪ narrador: bienvenidos al episodio 49 de destinos: an introduction to spanish.n este episodio, raquel sigue contándole a don fernando y su familia de su investigación.

. ♪ annenberg media ♪ by: ¿por qué tienes que ser tan desconfiado? tienen tanta antipatía a jorge. porque queremos protegerte de ese don juan. no tienes derecho de decir que es un don juan.

annenberg media ♪ by: narrator: welcome to destinos: an introduction to spanish. episode, you'll begin hearing and experiencing a different variety of spanish as raquel interacts with natives of argentina. así que ¿ud. anda buscando a la señora rosario? sí. ¿ud. la conoce? claro que la conozco. muy buena la doña. lástima que se ha mudado para la capital. you should not be concerned if you do not completely understand the conversational spanish. getting the gist of the conversation by relying on actions and context is fine.

annenberg media ♪ by: narrator: welcome to episode two of destinos: an introduction to spanish.n this episode, you will learn why this letter is so important. and you will learn the secret that don fernando has kept for so long.

annenberg media ♪

call: annenberg media ♪ provided by: narrator: welcome to episodio once of destinos: an introductiono spanish. in this episode, raquel concludes her stay in spain. adiós, raquel. adiós, raquel. most of what you will see and hear is a review of previous episodes as raquel reflects on her investigation in spain. alfredo: ¿abogada? ¿es esta persona un cliente? no le puedo decir nada más. es un secreto. most of the conversational spanish that you will hear will already be familiar to you. que disfrute de su estancia en madrid.

annenberg media ♪ by: narrator: welcome todeinos: an introduction to spanish.estinos is a 52-episode spanish language telecourse. deme seis naranjas. it will introducyou to the richness and variety of the language and culture take you on a journey through the spanish-speaking world and intrigue you with the search for a missing person. rosario... perdóname... perdóname.

annenberg media ♪ by: narrator: welcome to episodio seis of destinos: an introduction to spanish.t of what you will hear and see in this episode will be familiar to you as raquel reviews her notes on what happened in sevilla. ¿ud. sabe dónde está la calle pureza? as before, you will not understand every word but your experience with previous episodes will help you understand raquel's review. as raquel reviews what has happened to her in sevilla you will notice that she is using past tenses.

annenberg media ♪ provided by: narrador: bienvenidos al episodio 45 de destinos: an introduction to spanish¿dónde estabas esta vez? llamé por teléfono a todos lados. aló, aló. iluis!

annenberg media ♪ ( música flamenca de guitarra ) narrator: welcome to destinos: an introduction to spanishy now, you are accustomed to hearing conversational spanish. aquí tengo una foto de jaime y de miguel. iqué guapos son! sí, son preciosos. remember, let the characters' actions and the context guide your understanding.

annenberg media ♪ by: narrator: welcome to the eighth episode of destinos: an introduction to spanishremember that most of what you hear will be in conversational spanish. as in previous episodes you'll be hearing more past tense verb forms as the characters interact, and as raquel reviews. you need not learn these verb forms yet.

annenberg media ♪ narrator: welcome to destinos: an introduction to spanish.s our story unfolds most of what you hear will be in conversational spanish. hola. hola. ando buscando a una señora-- la señora teresa suárez. ¿la conocen? sí. es mi abuela. iah! ¿vive con ustedes? ya no. you will not understand every word you hear. let the actions and the situations guide your understanding. jaime, ¿qué haces aquí?

annenberg media ♪ by: narrador: bienvenidos al episodio 50 de destinos: an introduction to spanish.n este episodio raquel sigue contándole a don fernando y su familia de su investigación. escuchen bien mientras raquel cuenta como conoció a angela y lo que le pasó en puerto rico. carmen: en el nombre del padre, del hijo y del espíritu santo... ¿qué pasó? su hermano tuvo un accidente en la excavación.

@@ annenberg media ♪ ed by: iosito!arrator: welcome to the fifth episode of destinos: an introduction to spanish. as you know much of what you hear is in conversational spanish. yo voy por esta calle, y ud., vaya por ésa. sí, sí, pero espere. ¿dónde nos encontramos? en la giralda, a las once y media. you should not be concerned about understanding every word. let the actions and the situations help you follow the story. ¿has visto un perrito negro, así de este tamaño? no, no lo vi. también estoy buscando a un niño.

fuller understanding of that extraordinary culture we call olmec. ( ve drums beating ) ( music ) annenberg media ♪ provided by: ¿qué le estará pasando a fernando? nunca lo había visto tan desconfiado. es natural, pedro. quiere estar seguro y necesita pensarlo un poco más. claro. yo recuerdo muy bien mi reacción cuando vi por primera vez a raquel en mi casa en buenos aires. tal vez tengan uds. razón pero yo conozco muy bien a mi hermano. algo le está pasando. bienvenidos al episodio final de destinos. en este episodio concluimos la historia de raquel, don fernando y los otros miembros de la familia castillo.

annenberg media ♪ narrator: welcome to destinos: an introduction to spanish.r story unfolds most of what you hear will be in conversational spanish. bueno, es un poco tarde. tenemos que irnos. sí, es tarde, es verdad. camarero, por favor. hay un mensaje para ud., señora. you will not understand every word you hear. let the actions and the situations guide your understanding. tengo que hacer una llamada de larga distancia. tengo que llamar a méxico. eh, muy bien. ¿adónde? a la ciudad de méxico. at other times, you will hear narration in spanish