after two days crossing the drake passage we navigate what the waters of the antarctic peninsula. >> good morning. it's sunday morning. welcome to antarctica. >> but this frigid landscape can be deceptive. across the peninsula the ice season has shortened by morn three month over the last 40 years, and 8 7% of the of the oe here are receding. this allows people to come face to face to climate change, seeing science in action. we link up with a nature enthusia enthusiast, monica parker who traveled to antarctica to celebrate her 40th birthday. it's zero degrees in there. how are you feeling? >> nervous. i want to stay in the boat. >> we all want to stay in the boat. antarctica is extreme and unpredictable weather. as we near the shore, it begins to snow. >> there we go. >> all right. we made it. we've landed on antarctica. >> this is awesome. it's cold, but it's awesome. >> i kind of wish it wasn't snowing. >> yeah. >> for now it may be best to leave the elements to the seals and marine biologists. across the bay a team of researchers are scanning the horizon searching for whales. >>

and the antarctic it is 800,000 about the same thickness but one accrues much more rapidly so if you drill a hole you bring up a cylinder of i.c.e. make interrogate those layers to look at those composition of the layers where the actual temperature from the isotopes a record of temperature and composition. the first big corps was done in the northern part of greenland almost 4500 feet of i.c.e. but as it drilled through the entire thickness it means greenland did not have i.c.e. before if you think of the bottom of the pile what it look like without its i.c.e. and why would it not have i.c.e.? we will come back to that. in antarctica ten times the size of greenland absolutely vast continent fully covered in thick i.c.e. you can see the isotopes 4000 meters thick more than 2 miles there is a lot of i.c.e. that melts sea levels change by 100 feet. >> an amazing core drilled in 2004 we published before that where the record is remarkable so you see the age of hundreds of thousands of years it was on the left now on the far right so to put yourself in context homo sapiens first appeared

world's coldest regions that have become the culture and for climate change these are the arctic the antarctic alaska and much of the permafrost of russia. nikita zeem all trained as a mathematician. but his father sergei is lifelong commitment inspired nikita to change course. now like his father he has dedicated his life to preserving russia's permafrost. he's come to the collimator river in northeastern siberia an eight hour flight from moscow to gather evidence that the permafrost is vanishing. the ground has warmed up to three degrees celsius causing the top layer of the ice to melt. one side effect is that more and more rare fossils are surfacing. for paleontologists this would be a treasure trove. a field of riches from the distant pleistocene epoch. the. rock this is the. moment where. not the biggest one but it would have saved. twenty so here was in the present because the snow here was huge and there never is quick your mama and there were four thousand years and all over it here on the square kilometer maui around six hundred going to things so every once in a while there. all alon

randal reeves is trying to become the first person to sail solo around the antarctic and the americas. we caught up with reeves in the middle of the atlantic ocean. >> reporter: you never know just how far someone will go to chase their dreams. bay area sailor randal reeves will apparently chase them as far as it takes. last october reeves sailed out of the san francisco bay attempting to become the first person to sail solo around the americas and the antarctic continent in one season passing through all the world's oceans. with a satellite uplink and phone reeves was able to send back images and update his progress from somewhere in the atlantic ocean. >> about 500 miles east of brazil. >> moli is reeves' boat, his companion as he rides the wind through the great unknown. >> this boat and i headed south and have been at sea every day since then. >> reporter: reeves has now spent more than 200 days at sea. >> think of all the things you've done since october of last year and for every one of those days we've been out here. >> reporter: this is actually reeves' second run at history.

across the antarctic peninsula, the ice season has shortened by more than three months over the lasts and 87% of the glaciers are receding. this allows tourists to come face-to-face with the realities of climate change, seeing it in action. these marine biologists have come from all over the united states to antarctica the pressures facing the humpback and minky whale population. the biopsies are taken using a cross bow. >> it will penetrate about an inch, inch and a half and get the animal and get some skin and blubber. >> reporter: the arrow makes contact. the researchers assuring us that it doesn't hurt the gigantic mammal. these samples revealing plastics, heavy metals and flame retardants have made their way into whales' bodies. the tendrils of man stretching even here to the seemingly pristine waters of antarctica. >> this little sample is all you need for the molecular. >> reporter: research is already yielding results. a recent report highlights that whales in the antarctic are facing increased pressures due to increased krill fishery and climate change. >> regardless of wher

to military intelligence reports show that french weapons sultan yob have been used by the saudi antarctic coalition against him really as that in yemen paul brennan reports . the ship at the center of the latest saudi arms. the sea had spent thursday at anchor on the edge of french territorial waters the 225 meter party young who waited to enter port and load up its cargo french weapons destined for the saudi military. in paris though to separate human rights groups had lodged legal challenges to try to have the shipment declared illegal and on the key side around 100 demonstrators assembled determined to take direct action to prevent the ship docking again or human since it's a junior to proceed the war in yemen is a difficult war we are turned into support of saudi arabia and if we the french citizens do not act we don't try to stop ourselves we will end accessories to this business we don't want this we don't want to be in this situation on. the 4 year long war in yemen has displaced more than 3000000 people and their strikes by the saudi led coalition forces have killed tens of thousa

change an emergency that must be a big victory for your organisation well yes he did not say the antarctic we've moved from almost no conversation about climate change a few weeks ago ruled the way to getting on an intranet and so you. come around almost complete you up. to town and declare an emergency and yeah it's a great start but that's a very long way to go well that's exactly the next question being in this emotion doesn't compel the government to act it only requires a to make proposal so how big of a step is this really isn't just symbolic. well it's kind of. a very big start. it's. complicated. members of congress. but not yet. very likely they will. find it changed maybe. not. not. this motion also urges the government to take steps to restore the natural environment but we know the climate change is a global issue so how much difference can individual government make the british government is big strides in the mission for example. other countries like the u.s. or china. well that. this. latest report probably not. going to connect the u.k. to commandeer by twenty fifty which i

you bring up a good point about the cooperation aspect there's a lot of cooperation down in the antarctic region briefly we only have about forty five seconds left do you believe countries will ultimately find a way to cooperate in developing the region or will there be a clash of interests in the arctic. i do believe cooperation is in the future i think we live in an age where large countries developed countries going to war we just with each other is pretty much out of the question because it's so damaging and destructive on so many levels i really don't see military confrontation at the end of this i think it can all be sorted out at the table. a political analyst thanks for being with us here on earth international thank you sean. all right you're watching arch international more news in let's say thirty three minutes in fifteen seconds. you're relying on data that is not very well to find like the g.d.p. number of the cross domestic product number is notorious for being very opaque and it doesn't really give a picture that you can draw any minute implosions from a that's true of almo

possible to these whales and tag them with these gps systems that r bevior.us so much mor a across the antarctic peninsula, 87% of the glaciers here are receding, creating more hope water, which has actually helped grow the humpback population. but warming waters are threatening a small crustacean called krill, the main food supply for humpbacks and the bedrock of antarctica's entire food chain. >> they represent the health of an ocean ecosystem. to be able to have enough food to support a whale, let alone a population of whales, all of these things have to combine together to promote life and promote food being there. >> reporter: after days of attempts to tag a whale, the scientists zero in. this camera attached to the tracking device is successfully planted on the humpback. brilliant! this work is also uncovering other dangers. researchers finding plastics, heavy metals, even flame retardants in their systems. the science being pioneered here is some of the most important for the survival of our planet. this place is stunning, but more than that, it can tell us so much about the risks we all

evidence from 22 leading researchers about the acceleration in the melting of the greenland and antarcticscenario has long been that the world's seas would rise by a maximum ofjust under a metre by 2100. but the new study projects that the true level may be more than double that figure if carbon emissions go unchecked and cause the world to warm by five degrees celsius rather than the two degrees envisaged in the paris climate change agreement. in theory, such a rise in sea levels would endanger many cities and possibly submerge much of bangladesh and the nile valley. i spoke to one of the senior scientists involved in the report, professor michael oppenheimer, from the department of geosciences at princeton. it's not like all of a sudden it is going to submerge entire cities, it will just sort of start cutting away at significant parts of them. and, you know, for instance, lower manhattan, unless they build defences, a good chunk of that would be underwater, yes. bangladesh, they are very good at protecting themselves and they would have to get structures built fast. there are lots of pl

world's coldest regions that have become the cauldron for climate change these are the arctic the antarctic alaska and much of the permafrost of russia. nikita zima of trained as a mathematician. but his father sergei is lifelong commitment inspired nikita to change course. now like his father he has dedicated his life to preserving russia's permafrost. he's come to the river in northeastern siberia an eight hour flight from moscow to gather evidence that the promise frost is vanishing. the ground has warmed up to three degrees celsius causing the top layer of the ice to melt. one side effect is that more and more rare fossils are surfacing. for paleontologists this would be a treasure trove a field of riches from the distant pleistocene epoch. so think of the. moments where. not the biggest one but it would have saved. twenty so here was in the forces and they can see here was huge and there never is quick moment and they were four thousand years and all they were is here on the square kilometer maui around six hundred going to things so every once in a while there. all along the cleaner s

levels could rise far more than predicted, because of accelerating melting in the greenland and antarctic

victorian big surprise this time the means as the fronts coming out of the bite and tuck in some antarctic a behind them are quite active this one's producing rain as it runs through victoria new south wales it will leave a disappointing picture i think in melbourne for the whole day on friday thirty degrees and rather dark skies melbourne's back in the sunshine but not much more even in sydney you might expect more than twenty this time here but it's the rain spreads through i think we see that drop down to nineteen degrees perth is doing better low twenty's in the quiet sunshine you'll notice is cloud up in the north as nothing much with it i'm afraid so no rain for the tropical cyclone that's near east timor there is rain though in the south of new zealand and it's running actually south so it probably is going to clear through quite nicely and give you what's the speaking a pretty good day for friday twenty no one thousand in wellington some cloud around a missile a bit maybe rather more coming in on saturday and look at this circular motion you have to watch where that goes directly n

attempting to do was produce what are called probabilistic estimates of what both the greenland and antarctic ice sheet to do over the next century and actually up to 2300 by. consulting or. asking a group of experts or a series of questions about the behavior of the ice sheets and how they would respond to climate change in the future and we pulled those. views of the experts together and produced as i say a probabilistic estimate of sea level rise 421222300 so on and by probably istic what i mean is that we we. estimated what the most likely contribution of the ice sheets to be to sea level rise but also what the less likely but plausible estimates might be so what we call the 5 percent probability so 5 percent that's that's that's quite a low likelihood you know it means it's something that might happen one in 20 times but it's it's it's not it's obviously above 0 you know it's still a plausible estimate it's it's the sort of value 5 percent probability is a kind of value that planners would use based on a quarterly principle for example. south africa's former president jacob zuma is back

plastic to degrade and plastic has been found north and south on this planet from the arctic to the antarcticthat. could we develop a clear, visible kite mark on all packaging to indicate whether it contains plastic or not and whether it meets standards? a mark agreed to by industry? and secondly, what about an annual award to industry? without his permission, i'd love to call the award the david attenborough award, for the company or the business that does the best each year in getting rid of plastic. my lords, there were quite a few questions there, but i agree with the thrust of what the noble lord has said and that is why i say we are working internationally as well as at home and i share your lordships' frustration that we do need to take action. it is why the uk plastics pact is so important, indeed the target for 2025 will be 100% plastics packaging to be reusable, recyclable or compostable. eliminate by 2025 unnecessary single—use packaging, 70% of plastic packaging effectively recycled and composited. i agree with the noble lord we want to take action and this government is taking ac

levels could rise far more than predicted, because of accelerating melting in the greenland and antarcticce sheets. a new study projects that the real rise may be around two metres by 2100. it has just it hasjust gone it has just gone about half past fourin it has just gone about half past four in the morning. it is now time for hardtalk. welcome to hardtalk. i'm stephen sackur. elite—level sport is ruthlessly competitive. the best male and female athletes push hard against their physical limits in the quest for those marginal gains. but what happens when athletes change gender? in particular, when individuals born biologically male transition to female after puberty. should they be allowed to compete as women? well, my guest is former champion british swimmer turned sports commentator, sharron davies. how well does the sporting notion of fairness cope with the complexities of gender identity? sharron davies, welcome to hardtalk. thank you. you spent a lifetime in sport, of course as a champion swimmer and competitor but also as a commentator and an analyst. i want to begin with this conc

and then look to the antarctic. the high latitude on both ends of the polar regions although that. 10 i is asserting its place down there as well. we find ourselves as a coast guard in that great power model while trying to forget what sort of those offsetting capabilities and capacity we can offer . capacity to support, capacity to support marines and places where we have a lead role like the high latitudes. bradley: sunday icebreaker contractors out. the competition didn't go quite like everybody expected, but it got awarded. what's the plan for next year? the coast guard is unique because you basically have to make the plan every year. >> first, i think the contract went quite well. we had five industry teams that participated and did some work for us to drive down acquisition schedule cost risk. our decisions were informed. we are on an aggressive timeline to do this. the award went out of vt halter a couple of weeks ago. we're off to the races. my tenure when we started was a 613 strategy. minimum of six icebre

the victorian big surprise this time the means is the fronts coming out of the bite and tuck in antarctic a behind them are quite active this one's producing rain as it runs through victoria new south wales it will leave a disappointing picture i think in melbourne for the whole day on friday thirty degrees and rather dark skies melbourne's back in the sunshine but not much more even in sydney you might expect more than twenty this time here but it's the rain spreads through i think we see that drop down to nineteen degrees perth is doing better low twenty's in the quiet sunshine you'll notice this cloud up in the north is nothing much with it i'm afraid so no rain for the tropical cyclone that's near east timor there is rain though in the south on the new zealand and it's running actually south so it probably is going to clear through quite nicely and give you what's really speaking a pretty good day for friday twenty no one thousand in wellington some cloud around admittedly but maybe rather more coming in on saturday and look at this collation you have to watch where that goes directly

randall reeves is trying to become the first person to sail solo around the antarctic and the americasjunior ig caught up with the oakland native in the application ocean. >> reporter: you never know just how far someone will go to chase their dreams. this sailor ran dalg reeves wda apparently will go wherever it takes. he is attempting to become the first person to sail so he slow around the americas and the and arctic continent in one season. passing through all the world's oceans. with the satellite up link and phone, reeves was able to send back images and an update from somewhere in the atlantic ocean. >> about 500 miles east of brazil. >> reporter: his boat is his companion why not. >> this boat and i headed south and have pain at sea every day since then. >> reporter: reeves has now spent horn 200 days at sea. >> just think of all the things you you've done since october of last year and for every one those days, we've been out here. >> reporter: this is actually reeves' second run at history. >> this entire half of the boat is under water. >> reporter: in october 2017, he set o

as a navy, our business is usually restrictions from the antarctic shechl to the equator our closer neighbor is over 1,000 nautical miles away. and while all our neighbors -- i mean all of our neighbors are close friends, the regional water is not static. it's dynamic. the the navy is in a period of renewal and growth by 2025 we'll have fewer ships but paradoxically the totals tonnage will have increased as will ability to operate and support attention international dpoepts to antarctica and southern nation. carrying our nation's name she will be commissioned early next year. our frigate also return from combat systems upgrade occurs in canada in 2020. that will be credible, lethal and a combat capability we are very parade of. inland heart's nuszland abltd to work with the partners and coalitions maintaining freedom of the seas. as i talk less than five days out from arriving in new zealand is a new dive hydrokpanlt for us to get within our capabilities within a year or so. she will be commissioned in june this year. i also note that i'm a defense capability review being undertaken by our g

attempting to do is produce what are called probabilistic estimates of what both the greenland and antarctic ice sheets would do over the next century and actually up to 2300 by. consulting more or asking a group of experts or a series of questions about the behavior of the ice sheets and how they would respond to climate change in the future and we pulled those. views of the experts together produced what as i say a probabilistic estimate of sea level rise 421222300 so on and by probably istic what i mean is that we we. estimated what the most likely contribution of the ice sheets to be to sea level rise but also what the less likely but plausible estimates might be so what we call the 5 percent probability so 5 percent that's that's that's quite a low likelihood you know it means it's something that might happen one in 20 times but it's it's it's not it's obviously above 0 you know it's still a plausible estimate it's it's the sort of value 5 percent probability is the kind of value that planners would use based on a quarterly principle for example and what if what effects could all of thi

but in shooter which the police say is a current city employee walked in, antarcticed thtarget building building 2 and started indiscriminately firing. police have not released anymore information about the victims. they do say six were trransportd to hospitals and now they said they are in the process of identifying the dead and notifying families. >> shimon, when you talk about in being an operations building, things like public works, schools, i believe run out of there, what do we know about the shooter? you describe as a current employee. do we know if he worked in that building or one of those areas or this is all beyond what we know at this time. >> it is beyond what we know at this point. and police didn't want to give you too much information in terms of the shooter. as i said the victims they didn't want to get into too much details about that. because obviously it's too early and they are in the process of notifying folks, family members. what is interesting is they have learned so much already. the fact they know he is a current employee of this building, that city employees

working withtudes, the general in the antarctic, we are globally dispersed. how do you take this unique instrument with the broad authority of the coast guard and supply it to the combatant commanders with increasing demand. we still rescue 24,000 people here domestically and support the security in 360 sea ports. 2500 miles of inland rivers, about 5.4 trillion dollars of annual economic activity tied to 30 million jobs. we're an enabler of economic prosperity and lastly, i touched on briefly, you know, just talking keenly dialed in on mission readiness, mission performance and it's mission excellence, anytime anywhere is what we call it our third line of efforts in our strategic plan. so i'm looking for leaders in the coast guard, and a lead through leaders model like john talked about and bob, empowered leaders that make good choices and understand the political context. one sailor's bad behavior is washington news here quick and think of leaders ahead of the flash to bang news cycle existing. i think i'll stop there and burn it over to buzz here. >> all ri

from penguins and kil antarctic indonesia and sea turtles on the great barrier reef, animals all overind their habitat threatened by human activities like unsustainable farming and pollution. and their very survival is at stake. >> it's important for human well-being and we, humans, are destroying it. >> reporter: although it was notable for being comprehensive the report's specifics came as no surprise to some. >> we're looking at a crisis, i mean, we're really this is code red. >> reporter: dr. thomas smith -- >> biodiversity is all the living parts of the planet including us so depend on animals and plants for our food and pollinators. if we lose them we lose the ability to survive. >> reporter: until we make transformative changes it predicts more than 40% of amphibian species could go extinct with more than a third of all marine mammals and coral reefs that give them life. cbs news has circled the planet to show how loss of animals and plants can impact human populations. from the waters off australia to the brazilian amazon which creates weather systems that cool the world. >> w