to anyone who has travelled in the antarctic, the - travelled in the antarctic, the british antarcticmage coming from the skies. but it was only tonight —— two years after that in montreal that that agreement was reached. we all know now the magnitude of the dangers facing us in the immediate future. would it not be marvellous to suppose that, as a consequence of our discoveries and science's discoveries, that the nations of the world joined together and actually did something at cop in this coming conference. let's see what it does. but i hope to goodness it takes action, that the nations of the world in the light of the scientific discoveries, that the ship will undoubtedly be making, that nations got together and listened to the science of what has to be done if the world is not to be overcome... i am to be done if the world is not to be overcome... iam indeed proud man to be standing on this remarkable vessel. to be associated in any way with bas, the british antarctic survey. may i wish this ship and all who sail in her and all the scientists who research on board bon voyage on i

it�*s strong enough to sail through metre—thick ice sheets in the frozen antarctic seas. to antarctica. and on board, the man it�*s named after, sir david attenborough. i am indeed a very proud man to be standing in this remarkable vessel. i know that the findings made on this ship in the next few years will be of the greatest value and importance to the welfare of the world. this is a state—of—the—art research ship, and here on the top deck is the helipad so scientists and the crew can be brought to and from the ship while she�*s at sea. in here, you have the living quarters — a cosy cabin for two — because the crew on here can stay on board for two months at a time. there�*s room for 30 crew and 60 scientists on the ship. and this is the all—important coffee shop — where, after a hard day of polar research, the crew can come in and take a bit of a break. this big hole in the middle of the ship goes all the way from the sea up to here. it�*s called a moon pool, and it means that scientists can access the ocean with their instruments, whatever the weather. the moon pool i

does that mean that ancient times to climate in the antarctic was similar to the mediterranean? well let's, we can take a history through geology, if you like. so essentially from about 55000000 years ago when the level of carbon dioxide concentration was a 1000 parts per 1000000. at that time, there was no ice in antarctica toll, and the global temperature was about $8.00 to $12.00 degrees warmer on average. and in the polar regions, it was double about, so over $16.00 to $20.00 degrees centigrade in the, in the polar regions. and there was no some on antarctica, told it was covered by trees on the beautiful pe swipe. but since 55000000 years ago, essentially the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been coming down and down gradually getting low up and, and is becoming colder. as a consequence of that, i had about 14000000 years ago and tanaka separated from south america and got encapsulated by a very strong ocean current that wraps itself around the continents and isolate sit climatic lee from the rest of the world, put it into the really deep freeze and since 14000

one year statistic from the antarctic does not categorize everything else that is happening, including opposite pole of the world. concerning energy and energy independence, look, this cannot be abrupt and that is why i criticized the naive greens who say we must abolish carbons by 2030. that is not going to happen. and also why i decipher the need for nuclear energy. gas will undoubtably remain. what we need to do for a considerable time, so this will not be abrupt -- it will be the next 30, 40 years not overnight -- is poor money into research and development -- pour money into research and development. not just of renewable energy but of carbon capture and geo-engineering. it is less than 1/10 of that going into military research and development. that is misapplied sense of priorities. i mean, ideally we will develop cheap, universal carbon capture and we could go on burning fossil fuels but we don't know at the moment whether that is possible. we have got to work on it but work on them simultaneously. as far as the sacrifices by ordinary people are concerned, i agree. but that is w

>> i did seven -- eight trips to the arctic one to the antarctic.st went to get was mentioned in 80 the west coast of greenland but had not been accessible. the ice was too thick and they tried to walk out they all died. now 40 years later cruise ships go up into that area. and then in this south in antarctica the species who had been living there for 5000 years have been supported by both species of penguins slurs of bones and stuff like that you can carbon date to get an idea of which species for the last 5000 years we've been there. these are visible changes. we had a lot less kelp burning kelp coverage is really, really diminished in southern california. okay that's fine the whole ecosystem but certainly massively overstretched remember their heat waves in the ocean also. these are all in the ocean are getting stressed during these heat. these people live on land they've never been to see. i went swimming two days ago in the ocean it was great after this interview i'm going again. it's great for swimming. >> anyone who lives in san diego knows t

so whatever happens in the antarctic, you have a massive threat to humanity coming out of the arctic in the disappearance of ice, rise of sea levels, and perhaps above all release of methane from the arctic permafrost. things are uneven certainly, but one statistic from the antarctic does not cancel out everything else that's happening including the opposite pole of the world. concerning energy and energy independence, this cannot be abrupt, and that's why in my book i criticize some of the radical and naive greens who say we must abolish carbon emissions totally by 2030. that's simply not going to happen. also why i emphasize the need for nuclear energy and gas will undoubtedly remain. what we need to do for a very considerable time to come, so this won't be abrupt. it will have to take place over the next 30, 40 years be -- but it won't be overnight. but what we need to do amongst other things is pour money into research and development. at the moment, the money going into research and development of not just renewable energy but also carbon capture is less than 1/10 that going int

this is the antarctic, a place of extremes where you really must avoid getting sick.safe. getting the coronavirus jabs there, however, has been a grand challenge. it is a 10,000—mile flight from england to the rothera station, with stopovers required in africa and the falklands. but the astrazeneca vaccine is now in the arms of the scientists who reside on the antarctic peninsula during its cold, dark winter. they know it helps protect in case covid got to the station, but also they are going to be leaving in the next few months, anyway, so that group is going to do their summer season at rothera and then they are going back, and perhaps one of the scariest parts is when one of the team get back into uk society and covid, there are so many cases per day. so we are protecting that team before they have to get back on the air bridge flights back to the uk and back to see their family and friends. this is the furthest south the astrazeneca jab has reached. it means all continents have now received at least some doses. there has been very little covid, so far, in antarcti

. >> we were talking about the o zone over the antarctic. what is the statusle of that. >> it's an interesting topic i don't get into that but essentially what it is is people saw it was directly related to t air conditioners and other things for the international treaty and the montrÉal protocol. it's unrelated to that at this point. it's unclear to me and a lot of scientists i think you will find advocates but that is an unclear question because i don't think it was as simple as the story we were told in the 1990s that if we banned them they would be able to solve the problem and move on. it just didn't work out that way. you are more likely to solve something like that again you are the climate. you can't legislate the claimant to compare the two. >> and finally, what is your take on electric vehicles and less combustion engine. i'm not against solar and electric. technological breakthrough you can retire fossil fuels but the problem we are having is due to government policy essentially trying to ban the american suv internal mandates tha

it�*s strong enough to sail through metre thick ice sheets in the frozen antarctic seas.a state—of—the—art research ship, and here on the top deck is the helipad so scientists and the crew can be brought to and from the ship while she�*s at sea. in here, you have the living quarters — a cosy cabin for two — because the crew on here can stay on board for two months at a time. there�*s room for 30 crew and 60 scientists on the ship. and this is the all—important coffee shop — where, after a hard day of polar research, the crew can come in and take a bit of a break. this big hole in the middle of the ship goes all the way from the sea up to here. it�*s called a moon pool, and it means that scientists can access the ocean with their instruments, whatever the weather. the moon pool is really significant because it means we can get these really valuable data points. the southern ocean is one of these places that we don�*t have very many observations from because it�*s so difficult to get there. and the southern ocean might feel really far away from us here in the uk, but it�*s

this is the antarctic, a place of extremes, where you really must avoid getting sick.s why the arrival this week of the astrazeneca covid vaccine is so important. it will keep those who work on the white continent safe. getting the coronavirus jabs there, however, has been a grand challenge. it is a 10,000—mile flight from england to the rothera station, with stopovers required in africa and the falklands. but the astrazeneca vaccine is now in the arms of the scientists who reside on the antarctic peninsula during its cold, dark winter. they know it helps protect in case covid got to the station, but also they are going to be leaving in the next few months, anyway, so that group is going to do their summer season at rothera and then they are going back and perhaps one of the scariest parts is when one of the team get back into uk society and covid, there are so many cases per day. so we are protecting that team before they have to get back on the air bridge flights back to the uk and back to see their family and friends. this is the furthest south the astrazeneca jab h

the british antarctic survey is asking for our help to study satellite images of around 15,000 squarew many walruses can be spotted, and where. hello and welcome to bbc news this morning. gp surgeries in england are to receive an extra £250 million this winter to help them see more patients in person. the emergency funding is part of the extra £5 billion covid fund announced last month and will be used to prioritise the hiring of extra staff, and providing more on—the—day face—to—face appointments. it comes amidst mounting criticism following a sharp drop in the number of people being able to see their gp at the surgery. fewer than 60% of people were able to see their doctor in person in august — the first month after restrictions were eased. this compares with than 80% before the pandemic. league tables will also be used to show whether surgeries are doing enough to see more patients on—site. the doctors�* union the bma has criticised the plans, saying it shows a government out of touch with the scale of the crisis on the ground, and warned patients will continue to struggle to book

you'd be far happier on the middle of the antarctic ice cap. at least you've got air to breathe.people like you to have big ideas about how we humans can overcome the reality, which is that ultimately the sun will get hotter and hotter and our planet, whatever we do, will ultimately become unliveable. that is... in the long, long term, that's the reality we face. so shouldn't we humans be thinking about how to move beyond planet earth? no, our lifespan isjust in the order of 100 years max. and compared with that, the earth has got...we're talking millions of years. so there's no hurry whatever in normal circumstances, if the earth were just proceeding as it was before humans appeared. it's what we are doing that's doing the damage, not anything else. the earth naturally would go through its warm periods and ice ages and things like that for a good long time yet, we're talking millions of years, probably. so your message would be we need to absolutely focus on what we do on this planet... exactly. ..rather than spend too much time wondering about where else we might travel to. we'

. >> background on turn-of-the-century, we were talking about the ozone hole over the antarctic. what's the status on that? >> i don't get into that in green fraud but essentially what it is is people thought it was directly related to cfcs in the atmosphere so they tried to do an international treaty, the montrcal protocol. then it seems to have turned out and the science is still out but it seems like the ozone hole rose and shrinks and expands. unrelated to that at this point. it's unclear even to me and a lot of scientists, you'll find advocates on both sides. i don't think it was as simple as the story we were told in the 1990s that if we ban these refrigerants and change over all our air-conditioners, we will be able to solve the ozone hole problem and move on. it didn't work out that way and it rarely ever does. you're more likely to solve something like that through government regulation and you are the climate. you can't legislate climate to compare the two issues. >> finally marc morano, what's your take on the move to electric vehicles and less combustion engines? >> g

through a democratic or a mobilization of people are having constituencies in north the specifically antarctic or 3rd. and they were very much linkedin to the merchant deletion countries and some other regional powers, but they lost all those supports the last, the constituency, because they were incompetent to keep them there were, but they couldn't resist because they were not her enough for her. did not enough mobilized or enough for motivated to resist. it is a stella by insight. specifically in vermont genius. darren towed to the region is getting changed that he, gen is much more supporting taliban present anderson cobbled than anybody else because the region, the fear of the region was having from spillover in golf insecurity. and not a court affecting all those things are going to be controlled and somehow managed by taliban, who promised her the original pinewood. specifically moscow, china, india, diplomatic presents, and doyle for past many years. it is not new for a special representatives of moscow in china to communicate with taliban such her concerns. okay, so basically it sound

. >> background on turn-of-the-century, we were talking about the ozone hole over the antarctic. what's the status on that? >> i don't get into that in green fraud but essentially what it is is people thought it was directly related to cfcs in the atmosphere so they tried to do an international treaty, the montrcal protocol. then it seems to have turned out and the science is still out but it seems like the ozone hole rose and shrinks and expands. unrelated to that at this point. it's unclear even to me and a lot of scientists, you'll find advocates on both sides. i don't think it was as simple as the story we were told in the 1990s that if we ban these refrigerants and change over all our air-conditioners, we will be able to solve the ozone hole problem and move on. it didn't work out that way and it rarely ever does. you're more likely to solve something like that through government regulation and you are the climate. you can't legislate climate to compare the two issues. >> finally marc morano, what's your take on the move to electric vehicles and less combustion engines? >> g

the british antarctic survey is asking for our help to study satellite images of around 15,000 squarees — to see how many walruses can be spotted, and where. hello and welcome if you re watching in the uk or around the world. police in norway say a suspect accused of killing five people with a bow and arrow had converted to islam and showed signs of radicalisation. a spokesman said police had been in contact with him over his views. the suspect is a 37—year—old dane, living in kongsberg, the south—eastern norwegian town where the attacks took place on wednesday. he is now in custody, and his lawyer says he's cooperating. reports say he shot at anyone he came across. arrows hit several houses. norway's new prime minister has called the murders a "gruesome and brutal act". in the last hour, police in norway have been holding a press conference about the killings. here's what they said. translation: there had been concerns about his radicalisation _ translation: there had been concerns about his radicalisation in _ translation: there had been concerns about his radicalisation in the _ ab

does that mean that ancient times to climate in the antarctic was similar to the mediterranean? well let's, we can take a history through geology, if you like. so essentially from about 55000000 years ago when the level of carbon dioxide concentration was a 1000 parts per 1000000. on, at that time, there was no ice in antarctica toll. and the global temperature was about $8.00 to $12.00 degrees warmer on average. and in the polar regions, it was double about, so over $16.00 to $20.00 degrees centigrade in the, in the polar regions. and there was no ice on, on, on top to co told it was covered by trees. quite a beautiful place, right. but since 55000000 years ago, essentially the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been coming down and down gradually getting low up and, and is becoming colder. as a consequence of that, about 14000000 years ago, and talked to car separated from south america and got encapsulated by a very strong ocean current that wraps itself around the continents and isolates it, climb magically from the rest of the world, put it into the really deep f

probably not going to get those things done in time to rescue say, the act that the ac is melting fast antarctic. following so. so what technologies can we find to slow down or reverse the melting of the arctic, the melting of the himalayan glace you there that that so the big things, that's what i mean by repairing the planet. and that means muscle repealing the ocean. this self, the oceans of warm. so can we find ways of cooling the oceans? one thing we can do is to make clouds over the oceans whiter. there's that, there's an idea called marine cloud brightening. and we have students in cambridge working on this. lots of people around the world of working on this can be spray salt water, which is basically what wind does waves make spray of salt water. it helps to create water clouds. so can we assist that process? can we assist the oceans in increasing the amount of biomass by a mess? take sincere 2 from the air. eventually it's taken up by organisms, whales, fish, they, pu, and that stop 6 to the bottom can be increased the carbon uptake of the oceans. so the oceans, which because of the con

once we lost glaciers in greenland or in the antarctic her once as a global big location process, it's very, very late. it's very, very difficult to recapture that one in intentionally so even millennia. the same was true for reciting, sea level rice and f. c level ice, a curse we loose, very important coastal ecosystems, populations, frontline communities. so if they're in smaller than states and countries like bangladesh, for instance, on other a low lying areas and coastal areas, mainly in developing countries or in cities. it's very difficult to reclaim that lamp back once is flooded with salt water for many reasons. so i think irritability in our time scale, which is an edward letter. so the life of a person, an 100 years. also, climate change is not necessarily possible, might be the possible and longer term that at some point in time the glacial return . but this is beyond our control bianco lifeline. ok. but not the time. it's not possible for species if they're gone, they're gone. ok. kevin edwards in london, we think, or we're assuming there is a momentum being built here to

the british antarctic survey is asking for our help to study satellite images of around 15,000 square grumpy. walruses are easy enough to spot. but thanks to their remote arctic location, they're hard to count, and we don't know how many of these giant beasts there are. now, using satellite images, the plan is to locate every atlantic and laptev sea walrus. and scientists say this is essential because climate change means these animals are under threat. the sea ice on which they live most of the year is rapidly diminishing and they're having to change their behaviour and come out onto [and much more often. that's almost certainly got some detrimental effect on them. we're not sure how much their population is being affected by that. hopefully this project will tell us that important information. we've been taking images of the earth from space for more than 60 years, but our view has changed dramatically. in the 1980s, satellites could only see objects 30 metres in size. but they quickly improved and a few years later they could see features ten metres across. today, though, the most

plymothian francis davies was a carpenter on the antarctic expedition.remendous amount of interest because they are from what people consider to be the golden age or the heroic age of exploration of scott and shackleton and such like. so they are very difficult to put a value on because they are unique one—off pieces. like this receipt for the wood bought to build the expedition huts. davies apparently challenged the salesman over the length needed. scott backed his man when the salesman tried to complain. so this actually has davies's corrections on it. and almost an admittance by the company to say your carpenter is correct, we were supplying an incorrect length. so this is absolutely fascinating. scott later wrote warmly in his diary about how comfortable the huts where. and davies' legacy remains with the huts preserved and still standing more than 100 years on. john danks, bbc spotlight, exeter. more than 300 people took their clothes off at the dead sea on sunday, to become part of artist spenser tunick s latest photo shoot. the photographer says h

it s a project that s been set up by the british antarctic survey and wwf, and they are asking the publicese tusked beasts. our science correspondent rebecca morelle has more huge, blubbery and a bit grumpy, walruses are easy enough to spot, but thanks to their remote arctic location, we don't know how many of these giant beasts there are. so, you can zoom in. look, you can zoom in, there. now the public are being asked for their help and the scouts in east molesey are making a start. they're using satellite images to locate and count every atlantic and laptev sea walrus. if it's... ..a little bit blurry, then it's harder, cos sometimes it is rocks. and they're the same colour as the walrus. we have been taking images of the earth from space for more than 60 years, but our view has changed dramatically. in the 1980s, satellites could only see subjects 30—metres in size. but they quickly improved, and a few years later, they could see features ten—metres across. today, though, the most advanced imaging satellites can see details down to just 30 centimetres and this has transformed our view

progressive new model for higher education" and coming up — are you up to the "tusk" 7 7 the british antarcticr our help to study satellite images — to see how many walruses can be spotted — and where. good evening and welcome to bbc news. the government has told gps in england to see more patients face to face — amid a sharp rise in the number of people going to accident and emergency departments. ministers say they'll provide extra funding to more temporary staff in surgeries and have said they will intervene if gp practices don't increase access to care. the doctors�* union, the british medical association, said it was "disappointing" that ministers remained preoccupied with appointments in person as the pandemic had proved remote consultations were "entirely appropriate and appreciated" by many. it comes as new figures show the nhs treatment backlog in england is at record levels — with more than 5.7 million people waiting for routine treatment. more and more people are going to a&e with more than a quarter waiting overfour hours to be seen. our health editor hugh pym has more. fabienne wa

working in the antarctic, sometimes you might think you get used to it, but every time it still amazesthis is the all—important coffee shop — where, after a hard day of polar research, the crew can come in and take a bit of a break. this big hole in the middle of the ship goes all the way from the sea up to here. it's called a moon pool, and it means that scientists can access the ocean with their instruments, whatever the weather. the moon pool is really significant because it means we can get these really valuable data points. the southern ocean is one of these places that we don't have very many observations from because it's so difficult to get there. and the southern ocean might feel really far away from us here in the uk, but it's really important for our climate as a whole. it takes up a lot of the carbon dioxide and the heat that we put into the atmosphere. it's notjust the water — scientists will be studying every aspect of this rapidly changing ecosystem, from the animals that live there to the creatures they feed on and the nature of the ice itself. this ship will transform

the british antarctic survey is asking for our help to study satellite images of around 15,000 squaregust for procedures such as hip replacements and cataract removals — the highest since records began. nearly 300,000 patients were waiting more than a year to start treatment in august — which is down slightly on the previous month but more than double the number last year. waiting times in accident and emergency departments are also at their worst since the four hour target was introduced in 200a — nearly half a million people waited more than four hours to see a doctor. the government has announced a quarter of a billion pounds, from existing budgets, for gp surgeries to help with face to face appointments as many patients continue to struggle to see their doctor in person. fewer than 60% of appointments were in person in august, compared with more than 80% before the pandemic. here's our health correspondent katherine da costa. pressure on a&e departments is being felt right across the uk. a combination of covid, other respiratory viruses and more patients coming forward for care ar

so whatever happens in the antarctic, you have a massive threat to humanity coming out of the arcticdisappearance of ice, rise of sea levels, and perhaps above all release of methane from the arctic permafrost. things are uneven certainly, but one statistic from the antarctic does not cancel out everything else that's happening including the opposite pole of the world. concerning energy and energy independence, this cannot be abrupt, and that's why in my book i criticize some of the radical and naive greens who say we must abolish carbon emissions totally by 2030. that's simply not going to happen. also why i emphasize the need for nuclear energy and gas will undoubtedly remain. what we need to do for a very considerable time to come, so this won't be abrupt. it will have to take place over the next 30, 40 years be -- but it won't be overnight. but what we need to do amongst other things is pour money into research and development. at the moment, the money going into research and development of not just renewable energy but also carbon capture is less than 1/10 that going into milita

it's a project that's been set up by the british antarctic survey and the wwf — and they are asking the look, you can zoom in, there. now the public are being asked for their help and the scouts in east molesey are making a start. they're using satellite images to locate and count every atlantic and laptev sea walrus. if it's, erm, a little bit blurry, then it's harder, cos sometimes it is rocks. and they're the same colour as the walrus. we've been taking images of the earth from space for more than 60 years, but our view has changed dramatically. in the 1980s, satellites could only see subjects 30 metres in size. but they quickly improved, and a few years later, they could see features ten metres across. today, though, the most advanced imaging satellites can see details down to just 30 centimetres, and this has transformed our view of the natural world. the sea ice on which they live most i of the year is rapidly diminishing, i and they are having to change their behaviour and come out| onto [and much more often. that's almost certainly got some detrimental effect to them. - but we'r

i am joined by professor damejayne francis, director of the british antarctic survey.l be able to go places we — equipment so we will be able to go places we have never been before, we will be _ places we have never been before, we will be able _ places we have never been before, we will be able to do science we have never _ will be able to do science we have never been — will be able to do science we have never been able to do before, so we were _ never been able to do before, so we were really— never been able to do before, so we were really be able to do some really — were really be able to do some really detailed new science to try to understand how antarctica in particular— to understand how antarctica in particular is being affected by climate — particular is being affected by climate change. it particular is being affected by climate change.— particular is being affected by climate change. particular is being affected by climate chance. , ,, , : :, climate change. it feels like such a far-off region- _ climate change. it feels like such a far-off region. it _ cl

that's the question being asked by the british antarctic survey and the wwf.has been launched into organised abuse at a special school in walthamstow. the local authority and police were called in to whitefield school after cctv footage was found of pupils being physically assaulted and neglected. the school says it has new leadership and practices in place. thames water's performance has been 'unacceptable'— those are the words of the company's chief executive. sarah bentley's been questioned by a committee of mps alongside other water companies about their impact on river quality. she said customers find it difficult to contact them and infrastructure needs improving. but added they are investing billions of pounds. we've put in a really root and branch turnaround plan and change the executive team. i've got the support of the new shareholders who have not taken a dip in and in four years and we are absolutely convicted, but the proof will be in the pudding. people living in an east london tower block say they're suffering with leaks, vermin... and the build