other than shackleford in antarctica. they were there the whole winter. out in the antarctica, they tried to eat a penguin, and it didn't work. i go to the antarctic. and i try to film them -- >> larry: they don't eat them because they don't taste good? >> exactly. that's what protects them. they collect the eggs from them. they breed the penguin and do a great job. >> larry: one more in this segment. a serbo, am i pronouncing that right? >> serbo cat. right. >> larry: i wouldn't let him come near me. >> this is a cat from mohr park college here in california. the young people here, they're students. they learn to work with these. animals themselves. not just education. larry, this is a serbo cat from africa. you don't see these cats very often. this cat -- i want to spend a little time on this. this cat was found up in egypt, if you ever watched "discovery" or "national geographic," you'll see the serbo cat drawn on the mummies and pyramids inside. even the pharaohs were buried with an serbo. a very regal animal. it's one of the few cats in the world tha

. >> richard, is the decline of the ice cover in antarctica matching the arctic, or are they at different rates? >> now for the first time i don't have to repeat the question. the rate is approximately the same, but the terrain is -- not terrain, but it is different because antarctica's a continent. it has an ice sheet that covers the entire continent virtually whereas the arctic is an b ocean surrounded by land. there are glaciers in the arctic, in greenland, in iceland, there are glaciers in canada, in alaska, these glaciers are melting. the glaciers in the antarctic are also melting. both places are suffering great ice losses as we speak, and ice losses that are not going to be reparable. >> hi, richard. it said that when it's very hot out, you should wear white clothes, and when it's very cold, you should wear black because the white -- the black absorbs the sun. so why is the polar bear white? you would think he'd be black to be warmer. >> well, doctor, let me recommend the berbers of the sahara desert to you and recommend to you that they wear, of all things, black. it absorbs heat,

in antarctica. his boat was there for the whole winter. they tried to eat one penguin and it didn't work. that's why you go to the antarctic, they're not afraid of you -- >> larry: they don't eat them because they don't taste good? >> exactly. in the antarctic they collect the eggs and they do a great job. >> larry: and this segment is a cervelle. am i pronouncing that right? >> cervil cat. this is a cervil cat, larry, from moorpark college right anywhere california. a lot of people, this is their second year of school. they're students. they learn to work with the animals themselves. not just educational. anyway, larry, this is a cervil cat from africa. you don't see these very often. this cat -- because i -- this cat was found up in egypt. if you ever watch like discovery or national geographic, you'll see the cervil cat drawn on their mummies and on the pyramids inside. even the pharaohs were even buried some of them with the cervil. it was a very regal animal. this is one of the few cats in the world, larry, that can jum. and catch a b

is the most moldable part of antarctica, each one of those areas of ice is equivalent to an increase in sea level of six to 7 meters, or 20 feet or so. we have already seen the beginnings of sea level rise, slowly at first, but it is now accelerating you can't get those large masses of ice become destabilized, and there is evidence that process may be beginning now, then we could see catastrophic sea level rise. and each 1 meter of sea level rise generates approximately 100 million climate refugees, in places like bangladesh. that process has already begun. people who used to rebuild their lives every 20 years when the storm surges game are now having to rebuild their lives every four or five years. and they can't do that, so they are moving to the cities and the concertino barbwire has gone up on the border between bangladesh and india. in the low-lying island nations, the trickle of refugees has already begun. they just added a new line item to the budget last year entitled funding to purchase a new country. [laughter] >> and it is not a joke to them, i'm telling you. you may have

from moderate estimates -- >> we're talking about several meters of sea level rise if west antarctica begins to go unstable. >> -- to computer modeling. >> that's another big misconception. the computer models are helpful, but they are not the primary source of information. it's the earth's history that tells us with the most accuracy and the most reliability what the climate sensitivity is. we have measurements of the atmosphere composition. very precise from the bubbles of air trapped in the ice sheets as a function of time over the last 700,000 years. >> climate science is clearly complicated and often controversial. both sides of the debate know that. for jim hansen, that makes this situation all the more pressing. >> the nature of science, as you say, on the one hand this and on the other hand that. even as the story becomes quite clear, we may not be making clear that we're really talking about a different planet. so i think we're running out of time. we've really got to get started in the next few years so that we're really on a different path. >> a different path because we're

. -- like we have in antarctica.i think we can develop technologies that we can use to extract oxygen, hydrogen from the rocks and utilize the resources there eventually to help us to inhabit this area of the moment for a considerable time. . i think that is what science wants to do. there is a lot to learn about the lunar surface. maybe it is not such a bad idea to look for that. >> bank you so much -- bank you so much -- thank you so much. i want to talk to john gunsfled who gave us part of petitions many years ago. you practice for all eventualities and try to repair the hubble telescope. no matter what you rehearse for, what surprises did you find that scared to as much as it scared us? >> our team on sts 125 atlantis train for 2.5 years and the training was the nuts and bolts of putting things in and out of the hubble but the training was about when things don't go well. we trained in hundreds of different scenarios. we had 116 tools that we developed it just for this mission. we got out the door with the first

cut, which had been close to mass balance, -- and antarctica, which had been close to mass balance, isnow losing nasmass. if we continue, those eyes she to will become unstable and we will get rapid cboe -- those ice sheet will become unstable and to get rapid sea level rise. it will be a chaotic situation for our children and grandchildren. we will have to decrease of atmospheric co2 back below 350 parts per million. that is possible if we phase out coal emissions and prohibit and conventional fossil fuels like oil shale and tar sands. host: moving on to tennessee. tennessee, are you there? paul, what is the name of your town? caller: petros. mr. hansen, i have a quick call and a question for you. my comment is, i work in the coal mines. we had some scientists come in and tell us that the water runoff from where we had served mind was running into the water beds polluting. that is a senseless because just as much water was running off the mountain into the water system. but my question is, co2, i understand that as a gimmick -- dangerous chemicals to are out this year. i'm wondering i

. -- like we have in antarctica.we can develop technologies that we can use to extract oxygen, hydrogen from the rocks and utilize the resources there eventually to help us to inhabit this area of the moment for a considerable time. . i think that is what science wants to do. there is a lot to learn about the lunar surface. maybe it is not such a bad idea to look for that. >> bank you so much -- bank you so much -- thank you so much. i want to talk to john gunsfled who gave us part of petitions many years ago. you practice for all eventualities and try to repair the hubble telescope. no matter what you rehearse for, what surprises did you find that scared to as much as it scared us? >> our team on sts 125 atlantis train for 2.5 years and the training was the nuts and bolts of putting things in and out of the hubble but the training was about when things don't go well. we trained in hundreds of different scenarios. we had 116 tools that we developed it just for this mission. we got out the door with the first space wa

cut, which had been close to mass balance, -- and antarctica, which had been close to mass balance, isnow losing nasmass. if we continue, those eyes she to will become unstable and we will get rapid cboe -- those ice sheet will become unstable and to get rapid sea level rise. it will be a chaotic situation for our children and grandchildren. we will have to decrease of atmospheric co2 back below 350 parts per million. that is possible if we phase out coal emissions and prohibit and conventional fossil fuels like oil shale and tar sands. host: moving on to tennessee. tennessee, are you there? paul, what is the name of your town? caller: petros. mr. hansen, i have a quick call and a question for you. my comment is, i work in the coal mines. we had some scientists come in and tell us that the water runoff from where we had served mind was running into the water beds polluting. that is a senseless because just as much water was running off the mountain into the water system. but my question is, co2, i understand that as a gimmick -- dangerous chemicals to are out this year. i'm wondering i

i was able to visit 26 different research stations all over antarctica and have the opportunity to crossy exceptional people come in men and women, apparently dedicated to try to understand complex mechanisms os of this i also say space because a lot of scientist are studying space-bar crow they are well beyond the polls. global warming and rising sea levels of pollution threats and threats it is acceptable on a human scale. my foundation location reaches far beyond the polar regions. one nation is present today but from all continents with other eric -- institutions. there at the capacity to take action. i am proud of the many projects conducted by my foundation with partners present in the united states. the klan tin the global initiative, aspen institute, conservation international, the earth's institute, chicago museum. the scripps institute the paraguay's side and what will you be sending in a few minutes of a memorandum of understanding. faced with the challenge of this nature all determination and energy must be mobilized. states ngos come of businesses and international instituti

>> wildlife worldwide or -- >> in antarctica. >> oh, in antarctica. well, it -- what happens is that the 12 original countries that signed the antarctic treaty have areas of responsibility. it's not an extension of their national territory, but they have areas of responsibility where it's mostly for safety issues and protection issues. but the species that are studied in antarctica, obviously, it's mostly on the coastal areas because that's where the wildlife is. there's very little life on the antarctic, the antarctic plateau and the ice sheet of antarctica which i said is almost like a desert. so there are microorganisms, of course, but there is no -- you never see, never see a bird, you never see any other animal life. so the areas where it can't, where they can be monitored, obviously, it's not 100% protection for those different species, but we are seeing some diminishing of populations of penguins and other marine -- but that's mainly from their food source because there's less and less krill because the waters are warming up as we've heard. and