culture is often times distorted by lack of evidence-based thinking, that, instead, people rely on antedotes or on fears rather than on the facts, so is that the heart and soul of the book? >> that's the heart and soul of the book. you know, one of the things that troubled me for many years is drugs are used as scapegoats. whenever there's social problems and so forth, we use drugs as scapegoats. the problem for me is that people who look like me are often skate goated more than other folks, and as a scientist who knows the facts about drugs, that's very disturbing. >> okay. well, i would think as a black person, it would be very disturbing. >> guest: no, that's exactly what i mean. >> host: okay. so let's stop for a second then, and try to understand more whites use crack than blacks, and similarly, more blacks went to jail, arrested for crack use than whites even though more whites were using the drug. how do you explain that? >> guest: i explain it by it's -- it's kind of simple. you know, the short answer is racism. this isn't new. when we -- when i say "racism," i mean, what we do is pu