first, i want to quickly thank rachel and anthony barko and the nyu center on the administration of criminal law for inviting me to participate in this conversation. what i wanted to -- in response to david's question talk about is the ways in which race is disgust. so often when this conversation or when this topic was raised and we tend to focus on issues of character. so are the police rational or are they racist when they stop african-americans or other non-whites at much higher rates than whites and is george zimmerman a big on the or is he a concerned citizen? is trayvon martin a victim or a thug in training? these are ways in which we typically discuss race and what i want to suggest is our focus race and character and conscious racial bias. we mask the ways in which we can still achieve racially disproportionate consequences and so the reason for this, in my view is something called suspicion cascades. these are the systematic and predictable errors in decision making that occur because of the way that we all think. so i just want to talk about that very briefly. the way that our min