>> one that compares his antietam. antietam had two remarkable who were interested in documenting that battle. john gould and ezra carmen who became the historian at antietam. carmen was the leader of the 13 new jersey. carmen's maps of the battle of antietam are some of the best maps that have ever been repaired for any civil war battle. top ofy maps i would the all of john hennessy's maps, and all the documentation he put into it. other than that, by people in that era, carmen's mapping is unbelievable to they corresponded with every regiment and battery and they were systematic. the one thing i forgot to mention about bachelder is that any of his notes are lost. there was a fire in the family the in massachusetts in 1920's. for example, there are no papers from when he was with the army of the potomac in the winter of 63 and 54. no sketches. nothing survived. that may have all burned up in the house. it is possible it could be scattered somewhere, but i doubt it. besides antietam, what other places, vicksburg, they

>> the only other battlefield that compares is antietam. they have had remarkable individuals who were interested in documenting the battle. carmen became the government historian. carmen was the kernel. his maps of the battle of are some of the best maps that have been prepared for any civil war battle. the only maps i would put at the very top is john hennessy's maps, which are unbelievable in the documentation he put into it. other than that, people in that era, carmen's mapping is unbelievable. they corresponded with men in every battery and they were very systematic. the one thing i forgot to mention about bachelder is that many of that chilled or's notes are lost -- many of the children's notes -- many of the bachelder's notes are lost. no sketches. none of that survives. that may have all burned up in the house. for it is possible that it could be scattered somewhere, but i doubt it. besides the antietam people, really what other places are very well marked. they did an excellent job. they were ultimately following what bachelder had

antietam, he at adopts a formation where he is going to attack. he brings his divisions onto the battlefield, he has three divisions. he is bringing them onto the battlefield in line first with .edgwick's division is division is supposed to be following. man,umner is an old army to a certain extent he is having trouble visualizing the idea that he commands as many men as he does. he accompanies sedgwick's division in battle and he forgets about his other two divisions. sedgwick's people are heading this way across the map, french is division going this way and attacking south. and then later his third division under richardson is coming from the sway. sumner has attempted of formation of what we were called but, becauseision, he is too far forward or to involve in what becomes sedgwick battle, he loses control over the other two divisions. so his combat power dissipates. necessarily hurt because israel's division hits the road. it would have been better if all three of sedgwick divisions -- sumners divisions would have been able to act in concert.

yes, is antietam. anybody else want to give a guess? so when you don't know something, where do you go to look? don't lie to me. i know where you go. i know. this list of most lethal american battles. look what's number one? world war i. i will bet nobody's heard of this. this is a 47-day battle. it goes from september 26th until november 11th, the last day of the war. 47 days, 1.2 million men involved. 26,227 killed. 100,000 wounded, 100,000 men considered stragglers on the battlefield. this is the most lethal battle in american history. nobody knows about it. why is that? why is that? i think those are really good questions. it is why we remember certain things and why we don't remember other things. i think that for a lot of people, even at the time, they didn't really want to dwell on this because one of the logical questions you could ask is, why? why did so many of these men have to die? it raises some uncomfortable questions about american military leadership and were we sending untrained men in

when they saw the carnage of battle in fredericksburg and chancellorsville and antietam volunteers went. i bring that up because new york doesn't feature much into the history rating so much of that is battled. it's military history and the nearest battlefield was gettysburg which was like 200 miles away. and yet some remarkable new yorkers played significant roles on the battlefield including one of them who came from the north. i was one of my favorite characters and the greatest scalawags. he was born around 1819, nobody knows for sure. as a young man, i love this, he was mentor to guide lorenzo dante. lorenzo aponte was writing some mozart operas and has creditors on his heels and comes to new york city and his household in the 1830s nobody was using the term bohemian in the 1830s that he may have been the first would certainly was one of the first bohemian households in new york city and as a young man he's hanging out there. he eats spaghetti bear which is a great rarity in new york city in the 1830s. still rare enough in 1910 people spoke about at the eats spaghetti in greenwich

yes, we know that the civil war was dramatically played out at bull run and antietam, in vicksburg and petersburg, but i would suggest that from kitchens to courtrooms, from porches to pedestals, american women renewed their battles afterward. their stories remain overshadowed by diplomats. women were romanticized. they were eulogized as descendents of scarlet o'hara, garnering the lion's share of attention. commemoration became a female preoccupation in post-civil war america, raised into an art form by groups such as the udc, and we will be hearing from caroline, so i won't dwell on that, but recovery and rediscovery are the watchwords of an era of exploding interest, expanding resources, renewed intellectual energy, and i predict our new, even more robust era of reconstruction studies will not just remember the ladies as an earlier generation admonished, but will bring up from the footnotes and into the text the story of women. certainly a generation of scholars today is exploring the household lore. new editions of postwar voices have poured forth from university presses, some of t