r one -- antietam. one significant thing about 18,000 of is about -- 18%y, about 1% it 18% of the infantry are raw recruits. recruits i will give you an example. 13th of new re the jersey was himself an experienced soldier and had been new jersey ridgement on the peninsula. he is having a conversation with crowsdale of the 128th pennsylvania 12 days battle of antietam and he asked him how to form a battle. not knowing himself and giving as an excuse that he had no time commissioned to buy a copy of tactics. he is going to be killed in antietam. when he is killed, his unit is form into a line of battle and it is chaotic. how to do it. none of the officers or men know how because they have never trained. they have never even fired their weapons most of them. hat is what a lot of these regiments are like. so it inhibits the ability of certain things -- rmy to do certain things and mcclellan. people said why didn't he march a day. you can't do that with people who never marched. to season them gradually. th

his most recent publication is to antietam antietam creek, the mailing campaign. an 800 page in-depth study of the campaign up to the eve of the battle of antietam published in september, 2012 by john hawkins. he is working on the sequel, which will cover the battle and its aftermath, and the end of the campaign. welcome scott hardwick. [applause] scott: if you have to drive around northern virginia and your job, my hat goes off to you. you know what i am talking about. he worked for me. i clearly failed. [laughter] when i came in here and i heard top 10.had to list the with this crowd, i was like this is going to be -- you can't win. everybody has their own argument . i think he did a great job. i have no problem with gettysburg being 11. we all have our own opinions on these things. tonight, in my part of this, we will talk about the antietam campaign. the prussian military theorist carl von clausewitz once said that war is politics by other means. it may say extreme means. 1862,ryland campaign of you can almost pick any campaign of the war, this campaign in par

turning point, then, is antietam and the emancipation proclamation. antietam is another huge momentum shift the confederates were on the offensive. they were invading northern territory. they stopped at an teen -- antietam there we are the battle was a stalemate and the confederates were forced to return to virginia. and then, of course, they must a itself.tion it was probably a surprise to a lot of you, the proclamation changes the nature of the war and gives the union another cause, reuniting the country, but also attacking slavery. and it would pave the way for the enlistment of a large number of african-americans. it also has huge political and diplomatic ramifications. in issuing the proclamation over territory that he does not control, president lincoln is we don't the world, recognize this as a conflict within our nation, we see this as an eternal rebellion because the emancipation proclamation goes into effect in laces that the union does not control, it is against the seceded states. moment, england and france would pull back from their consi

certainly almost all of them had never fired their guns and there are certain key points on the antietam battlefield where that comes into play. certainly some green regimens sporm better, certainly those left in a static doug: posture and are removed but rainfall static firing at the confed rat fences with you

look up to the lead up to the 1862 battle of antietam. and abraham lincoln's announcement of the preliminary emancipation proclamation on the battle was over. our guest is a former historian. here's a preview. the president has decided that he will not fight the war with one hand behind his back any longer. he listens politely and reads his letter then, on july 22, five days after the act is passed, lincoln sits down with his cabinet and reads them and emancipation proclamation. they tell him boss, not a good time. we lost on the peninsula, the war is not going well, this could look like an act of desperation. it might backfire. we need a victory. we need a military victory. for this political event to

i have heard people argue whether the antietam. is march of the -- whether the antietam period is more pivotal. these conversations tend to be compartmentalized. we are looking at these people who are criticizing them or backseat generalling. myself, the turning point in memory for all of us has to be gettysburg. fought close not to the mid-atlantic region where most of us hate our first battlefield as kids with our parents, reluctantly as otherwise. we can spend the rest of the week arguing whether it is berg is the turning point, i would imagine by a show of ,ands, maybe 75% of us gettysburg is our first introduction to the war. so whether or not is a turning point militarily, i couldn't tell you. but as a turning point for us as theit here in 2018, it is one battlefield for the population of the northeast. and it isces us to it part of the memory that we still can't argue -- still can't stop arguing about tonight. steve, i want to give you a chance to prop up john reynolds. steve: there is a noted historian who writes him as one

saurian at gettysburg national military park talks about the lead up to the september 1862 battle of antietam, and abraham lincoln announcing that emancipation proclamation after the battle. this talk was part of a symposium posted by an emerging civil war blog. scott: what an introduction for an introduction. first off, i do serve as the executive director for civil war trails, and i get to work for all of you. it is absolutely true. the program grows at the grassroots level. it is individuals like you who may have an idea and want a spot marked to the world, you come to us.

there are key points on the antietam battlefield where that comes into play. certainly some regiments performed better, typically those left in a static, defensive posture or are moved into position but remain static firing at the confederate defenses. --re are definitely pieces looking at a comparison, the army of virginia, while it is army, it brought into the are vastly over experience. more experience than the federal army is. so lincoln's call for 300,000 volunteers has an impact on how the campaign plays out. conversely, when those nine-month enlistments expire prior to gettysburg, the army of the potomac loses soldiers. that has an impact on first joseph hooker, then me, on how they will make decisions during the campaign. daniel, from herndon, virginia. this question is about turning points that did not happen. events like the rejection of the first 13 the amendment which would have guaranteed slavery or the inability to take vicksburg in 1862 which we have opened up the mississippi a year earlier. burt, can you think of any other offense that did not

antietam had a gentleman of its own. these people pave the path. the question was did he pave the way for gettysburg to becoming so important? in a way he did, he definitely facilitated to a greater extent or understanding of the battle because he is already corresponding during the war with these union generals. i hate to say i believe some of that correspondence was lost in a fire. nevertheless, what i think really helps gettysburg besides the geographical location, and you can say this over vicksburg, you can say this over the battlefields around fredericksburg etc. gettysburg his spot and an area that is left unmolested immediately after the battle. these engineers and people that want to these families, these historians, people that want to see the battlefield, they can come to gettysburg, pennsylvania and not have to worry about confederate cavalry jumping in the town. it is not an active combat area. i think that helps get gettysburg rolling. -- matt: the only copy that brought a man of drennan's letter. that is rare. everybody is like i hav

we are used to it in the united states at sites like gettysburg and antietam. will you talk about why the battlefield is marked and it is important for people to walk through it? >> i always try to find a way where we can walk through history, going back in the same footsteps where the marines came through in 1918, to take a relatively small sector here, at a very heavy cost. i have always found when i go back stateside, or even to national parks, that getting in touch with something personal and walking history. there is value in preserving that site. it's not for american visitors who came over on these ward tourism tours. perhaps that battlefield would not be preserved as it is today. as another side note in history that has nothing to do with the american battle monuments commission in the beginning, but that wasn't done until the 1930s. again, the belleau wood memorial foundation, thank you to those, who have since passed on, who came over here with american money and purchased the woods. and saved it. >> and was that needed? >> it was. it was turned over

me of abraham lincoln who said, "general george mcclellan let lee slip through his fingers after antietamnuts!" yeah passive aggressive. they don't talk about how abe was so passive aggressive. so the president-- who, again, is an unindicted co-conspirator in a federal felony-- is openly saying the justice department should not prosecute criminals if they are republicans. he might as well have tweeted "saw 'the purge.' great movie. jeff sessions won't let me do it for real because 'laws.' sad! #purgejeff." ( laughter ) ( applause ) we'll be right back with john krasinski. when i walked through a snowstorm for a cigarette, that's when i knew i had to quit. for real this time. that's why i'm using nicorette. only nicorette gum has patented dual-coated technology for great taste. plus intense craving relief. every great why, needs a great how. take us downtown, waze. waze integration- seamlessly connecting the world inside... with the world outside... making life a little... easier. introducing the well-connected lincoln mkc. we're in this together. the splashes the friendships and... the me

legitimacy it sought after carrying benevolent activities after the battles of second bull run, antietam, and murphysboro. the commission earned newfound respect for the government, military, and public. fundraising eventually became more productive. surgeons became less bellicose. the authorities lifted the sanctions on the commission's early work. things began to loosen up quite a bit. military leaders also could not ignore the commission's good works. after meeting with the reverend of the commission' executive committees, stanton issued a memorandum that stated bishop james is authorized tuesday. he has received assurance that every facility will be afforded to the christian commission for the performance of religious and neville and purpose in the armies of the united states and -- and benevolent purposes in the armies of the united states and the courts, garrisons, camps, and military post. you get the point of what the secretary of war is attempting to say. i should say a couple of things about the christian commission's activities, with regards to the sanitary commission. since t

a good bit going on, and right now we see the two great battles of the so-called civil war, the antietam it were coming forward in these two events. the mueller investigation and the kavanaugh nomination. >> dan, can we go back to something you touched on a little bit because you talked about the slow saturday night massacre. there have been a lot of, you know, parallels and people have been making parallels to this, talking about them at least, to this and watergate. do you agree with that? >> well, there certainly is a lot of similarities between what happened with the widespread criminal conspiracy led by president nixon, which was eventually exposed. >> but did nixon see everything -- to your point you said, and this is sort of narcissistic behavior, everything and everyone is a reflection of you, especially if it doesn't go right. was nixon that same kind of person? >> no. there are some similarities in their personality, which is that each of them -- i'll say this gently -- had a strong strain of paranoia. but president nixon was -- had a much broader and deeper intellect than pres

believes throughout the entirety of the peninsula campaign up to his removal in november of 62 after antietam, mcclellan believes he is outnumbered, that lee has more man than he does. he thinks four times is more. -- four times more than i do. if you look at the numbers of the time, if we had more than mcclellan, that was every man in the confederacy serving in the army west and east. mcclellan just had it in his head. he is reluctant and cautious to do anything until he knew he could win. that is the difference between him and grant. grant tried conclusions. think 10 that information. he had a pretty decent idea of the number of regiments we had and the size. he reported to mcclellan. mcclellan said, that is too low. pinkerton said, that is the best information we have. mcclellan would yell at him. pinkerton is working and is the outsource. mcclellan outsources the intelligence to pinkerton. after a while, the boss is not happy with pinkerton. they found out pinkerton began to get an estimate, which was accurate, and he would bump it up. every time he bumped it up, mcclellan would say that

tonight on the civil war, we look up to the lead up to the 1862 battle of antietam. and abraham lincoln's announcement of the preliminary emancipation proclamation on the battle was over. our guest is a former historian. here's a preview. the president has decided that he will not fight the war with one hand behind his back any longer. he listens politely and reads his letter then, on july 22, five days after the act is passed, lincoln sits down with his cabinet and reads them and emancipation proclamation. they tell him boss, not a good time. we lost on the peninsula, the war is not going well, this could look like an act of desperation. it might backfire. we need a victory. we need a military victory. for this political event to occur. can watch the entire program tonight at 6:00 p.m. on eastern on the civil war. this is american history tv all weekend every weekend on c-span3 tv. next on the the 1960he presidency, presidential election, and how massachusetts senator john f. kennedy and vice president richard nixon triumphed to be their party's nominees. lebanon va