antietam. but in october of 1862, what people may not realize is jeff stewart comes to pennsylvania. he will get within six miles of gettysburg within six miles of gettysburg in october 62 before he finally turns around heads back to virginia. that raid in october of 62 scares the bejesus out of everybody in pennsylvania and. so you look they start thinking about how are we going to either protect these bridges or destroy them because last thing we need is jeb stuart, somebody else, bobby lee, whoever marching into harrisburg or heaven forbid, marching on philadelphia. we've got to have some way of stopping this. so in october 1862, as jeb stuart's running amok in anklin county counties over lancaster is committed to safety, that is their self-appointed, if you will businessmen and civic leaders are just have to ce up with plan to defend the river crossings they instruct columbia's chief burgess to defend the bridges or quote unquote render impassable that either chopping holes in the deck or f

antietam. but in october of 1862, what people may not realize is jeff stewart comes to pennsylvania. he will get within six miles of gettysburg within six miles of gettysburg in october 62 before he finally turns around heads back to virginia. that raid in october of 62 scares the bejesus out of everybody in pennsylvania and. so you look they start thinking about how are we going to either protect these bridges or destroy them because last thing we need is jeb stuart, somebody else, bobby lee, whoever marching into harrisburg or heaven forbid, marching on philadelphia. we've got to have some way of stopping this. so in october 1862, as jeb stuart's running amok in franklin county counties over lancaster is committed to safety, that is their self-appointed, if you will businessmen and civic leaders are just have to come up with plan to defend the river crossings they instruct columbia's chief burgess to defend their bridges or quote unquote render impassable that either chopping holes in the dec

they move and then the antietam campaign happens. then the gettysburg campaign happens and now the battle of monocacy happens all within really just a few miles of their homestead. so mclaughlin's are retreating back and glenn's mother says it means death to them. either way, because these confederates are getting hit by musket tree to their front. and now other officers are hitting the soldiers on the backs with their swords, trying to get them refocused refocused. that's how we get from 9:00 in the morning to about 1:00 in the afternoon. a whole lot of time is has passed, but not a lot has happened because the confederates lack that voice at the front rickets as men are doing just fine on their own and then problems start to climb. the bridges burned, talked about that union army has a 24 pounder howitzer. they load it incorrectly. new soldiers knew what the job. you know how the powder goes first and then the cannonball. yeah, they do it. the earth's. and so these soldiers in battle for the first time, they put the cannonball firs

he had suffered five really horrible at antietam. and you always see a picture of gordon. so i flip this around because i wanted him to give a stern look. jefferson davis. so if you flip it around, it's always that side of his face because the other side of his face was horribly disfigured at antietam. he died in 1903, wrote a book, reminiscences of the civil war, and douglass, also freemen, called it charming but subject to. the critique applied to off told stories committed to print late in life. he immediately at 2:00 in the morning. lee is having a hard time sleeping and he's up at 2:00 in the morning, one morning and gordon happens to show up and he and lee have a two hour talk about what we should do. now. why isn't he talking to longstreet? why isn't he talking to you? because these guys are 20 miles away. i mean, this guy's here, so let's. let's have a little talk. and what do they talk about? and lee asks for gordon's opinion. now, in gardens book, it was lee asked me what my opinion was, and i told him, and that's gordon saying that probably it's more of a conver

petersburg hampton park reveals, something very different than antietam or manassas or lord knows manassas. i think one of our challenges as public historians is to help people understand on this arc of concern, change each of these events fit and how each of these events, both affected and were affected. these changes now, i will say to upfront that i, i do not believe that there is an event, the american civil war, if take the assumption that each of these events something new about this war there is not an event of the war that reveals more more quickly about this war and its eventual than the first battle of manassas. if you look at expectations, beliefs and realities on july 15, 1861, and look at the same expect patience, belief and political on november 15th 1861, holy, what a change. and this is the fulcrum for that change. so my purpose today is not so to describe for you this significance of 75 feet of stone bridge. that's by way, not mostly original. there's an original wing wall, but most of it was mobile, saw the confederates destroyed it and most of it was rebuilt 1972. this t

petersburg hampton park reveals, something very different than antietam or manassas or lord knows manassas. i think one of our challenges as public historians is to help people understand on this arc of concern, change each of these events fit and how each of these events, both affected and were affected. these changes now, i will say to upfront that i, i do not believe that there is an event, the american civil war, if take the assumption that each of these events something new about this war there is not an event of the war that reveals more more quickly about this war and its eventual than the first battle of manassas. if you look at expectations, beliefs and realities on july 15, 1861, and look at the same expect patience, belief and political on november 15th 1861, holy, what a change. and this is the fulcrum for that change. so my purpose today is not so to describe for you this significance of 75 feet of stone bridge. that's by way, not mostly original. there's an original wing wall, but most of it was mobile, saw the confederates destroyed it and most of it was rebuilt 1972. this t

famously, at antietam, he jumps off his horse and he mans an artillery you know, weapon. so he he's very good at it, surrounding himself with a competent staff that remains very loyal to him. you can find plenty as a strictly military speaking, to to to you know, to highlight in this in this record. so gettysburg the famous the famous disagreement with lee gettysburg lee's strategic offensive into pennsylvania in the summer of 1863. longstreet to lee's tactical decision is famously july 2nd, july 3rd to to go on tactical offensive and to attack a federal position on on cemetery ridge. longstreet believes that that those attacks that lee plans and calls for are ill considered and longstreet propose is famously again on the evening of july 1st looking forward to second that the confederates themselves from the disadvantageous this low ground and and move around the left flank of the yankee army get between it and richmond find some a strong position of their own some high ground and invite the union army to attack them. and he has in mind a repeat of fredericksburg essentia

now, as we've heard today, civil war battles like gettysburg, antietam produced thousands and thousands of war stories, just like chapels. and all too often, these cases, they ended in grisly deaths from infection or blood loss exposure. you name it, there's a million ways to die in the civil war. so judging by outward appearances, we might consider chapel to be one of the lucky ones, because after all, he somehow managed to survive long enough to actually tell his story. in 1886, in the letter that we see here on the seen, but chapel didn't see it that way. he did not consider himself one of theucky ones because him survival in the long aftermath of the battle of gettysburg was a living hell. and that is because 23 years after gettysburg the unexpected consequences of chapel civil war wound still dominated the old soldier's day to day life as he explained in that tortured 1886 letter quote the put me on morphine and i stop that. in other words, chapel had become and remained hopelessly addicted to the morphine that surgeons had given him in that field hospital to treat the pain from hi