in london, antony goldman, the head of pro-media consulting, which advises companies on business anditical risk in africa. from beijing, we have andy, a research fellow for china and globalization. thank you for being the first questioner. to understand china's contact with africa, we have to go back to its origin at first contact between the two back in the 15th century. early trade, was that an initial contact, it was very important and remains that today. >> it is indeed true the interruption between china and the african continent happened years ago. the time that preceded colonialism. this is something that has been established based on the evidence along the african coast and east african coast. the transactions were significantly modified following the second world war in which the communist party wanted to work with the continent and especially on the left-wing side of african politics for much of the cold war, that is paying dividends in this period in which china has entrenched farther by establishing robust economic -- anchor: you have uniquely brought me to that post seco