. >> i was trying to understand the aphasias and commit them to memory of those i know and love and for me, it has to be flattened out, once it is flattened out, i can commit it to memory in a way i can't if i am looking at you, if you move your head half an inch, it is a whole new head i haven't seen. >> rose:. >> it is confusing fund forget charlie rose was provided by the following. pro pro ago in it they coined a term agnosia, by that he meant that people in a variety of spheres have difficulty knowing exactly what the object is. it is a deficiency in knowledge. so for example, a person with visual agnosia may look at this cup, see that it is white, see that it is round, see that it sits flat, they would not realize it is a cup for drinking. this amazing insight that you can have a selective defect in knowledge, agnosia, has stayed with us to the present time. more over, what pleased freud even more than realizing this terminology persisted was that although we don't know the mechanism for most types of agnosia, one kind of model that is being actively entertained right now is one t

and he developed a progressive aphasia we think identical to ann's.even years before ann was diagnosed with progressive aphasia she produced this wonderful piece. of course neither of them knew about the other. >> rose: let me tie up this idea of the genetic disorder but some kind of environmental impact. >> right, yes. so probably the well described example of how environment can play a role, relates the most common risk factor for alzheimer's disease which is a particular form of protein called lipo protein e or apo protein for short. this protein comes in three forms, two, three and four, not one. and so the three is the most common form. and that has no, are that is neutral in terms of risk. the apoe4 form of this protein increases our risk for having alzheimer's disease and this will increase one's risk for alzheimer's disease. what is being observed is if you have head injury with loss of consciousness, if you have an e4 form of the protein, your outcome is much worse than if you have one of the other forms of the protein. so this is an example